Decynium-22 affects behavior in the zebrafish light/dark test

Decynium-22 (D-22) is an inhibitor of the uptake2 system of monoamine clearance, resulting in increased levels of dopamine and norepinephrine (and in some cases serotonin) in the nervous system and elsewhere. Uptake2 is mediated by low-affinity, high-capacity transporters that are inhibited by glucocorticoids, suggesting a mechanism of fast glucocorticoid-monoamine interaction in the brain and a possible target for antidepressants. D-22 dose-dependently increased anxiety-like behavior in adult zebrafish exposed to the light/dark test, monotonically increasing scototaxis (dark preference), but affecting risk assessment with an inverted-U-shaped response. These results suggest that the uptake2 system has a role in defensive behavior in zebrafish, presenting a novel mechanism by which stress and glucocorticoids could produce fast neurobehavioral adjustments in vertebrates

Impacto da gestão no carbono armazenado na biomassa de Pinus pinaster nas províncias de Cuenca (Espanha)

Neste trabalho, procedeu-se á avaliação do impacto da gestão no armazenamento do carbono na biomassa da Pinus pinaster ao longo de um período de 10 anos. Para avaliar esses efeitos, realizaram-se 3 ciclos de medições efetuadas com periodicidade de 5 anos (2003-2013) em quatro províncias espanholas (Cuenca, Teruel, Sória e Guadalajara). A avaliação do carbono foi efetuada por estimativa. Para tal usaram-se as equações já existentes para a espécie com aplicabilidade nas regiões em estudo. Procedeu-se também à avaliação do contributo deste tipo de floresta para a redução dos gases de efeito de estufa e melhoria da qualidade ambiental. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar que nas províncias em estudo o armazenamento de carbono na biomassa aumentou ao longo dos anos. Os desbastes aplicados nos últimos 10 anos provocaram uma redução da competição entre árvores e um aumento das taxas de crescimento individuais. A condução efetuada contribuiu para aumentar a capacidade da floresta para o sequestro de carbono e consequentemente para uma redução dos GEE. Comparou-se também a rentabilidade de diferentes alternativas de gestão silvícola com base no cálculo do Valor Esperado da Terra (LEV). Para isso testaram-se várias hipótese com inclusão/não inclusão do valor do carbono com diferentes taxas de juro (3, 4, 5 e 6%) e diferentes valores de referência por tonelada de carbono (5, 10 e 20 €). Os resultados demonstraram que o pagamento de serviços ambientais como o sequestro de carbono pode aumentar o valor esperado da terra entre 40 % a 272 %, relativamente ao valor tradicional obtido somente com o valor da madeira produzida.In this work, we tried to evaluate the impact of management on carbon storage in the biomass of Pinus pinaster over a period of ten years. To evaluate these effects, there were three cycles of measurements made at intervals of five years (2003-2013) in four Spanish provinces (Cuenca, Teruel, Soria and Guadalajara). The results of the carbon evaluation must be considered as an estimate. To achieve this, we used the existing equations for the species with applicability in the regions under study. We also made an appraisal of the contribution of this type of forest to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and improvement environmental quality. The results obtained showed that in the provinces under study, the carbon storage in biomass increases over the years. Thinnings applied over the last ten years led to a reduction in competition between trees and an increase in individual growth rates. This action contributed to increase the capacity of forests to absorve the carbon and the consequently reduction of GHG. We compared also the profitability of different forest management alternatives based on calculating the Land Expected Value (LEV). To achieve it, we tested several hyphotesis with inclusion/ non-inclusion of the carbon value with different rates of interest (3, 4, 5 and 6 %) and different reference values per tonne of carbon dioxide (5, 10 and 20€). The results showed that the payment of environmental services such as carbon sequestration can increase the expected value of the land between 40% to 272% compared to traditional value obtained only with the value of the timber produced

Rapid estimation of gamma number of viscose by UV Spectrophotometry

Viscose process is the most important method for industrial cellulose dissolution. The degree of substitution (DS) is an important parameter in cellulose derivatives, and it is usually expressed as a gamma number (γ No.). In this work, viscose was prepared from eucalyptus and cotton linter dissolving pulps. Two methods were used for by-product separation: coagulation method (CM, reference) and ion exchange method (IEM). Similar γ Nos. were obtained with both methods for viscoses from cotton linters. The molar absorptivity of cellulose xanthate at 303 nm (e303nm) was determined by, firstly, measuring the absorbance of different purified viscoses and, subsequently, drawing a linear regression with the values obtained. The purification efficacy of IEM was analyzed from the UV peaks obtained in the range of 220-380 nm of the original and purified viscoses. The disappearance of the absorption of the main byproduct, sodium trithiocarbonate, was observed. Finally, with the e303nm mentioned above and the absorbance measurement of the purified viscoses, their γ Nos. were determined using a spectrophotometric method (SM). This would indicate that UV spectrophotometry could be used to estimate this parameter in a quick and easy way, which is decisive for the use of viscose in regenerated cellulose products.Fil: Lanieri, Diana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Olmos, Graciela Viviana. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulósica; ArgentinaFil: Alberini, Ivana Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulósica; ArgentinaFil: Maximino, Mirta Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología Celulósica; Argentin