Fuel treatment effects on tree-based forest carbon storage and emissions under modeled wildfire scenarios

Forests are viewed as a potential sink for carbon (C) that might otherwise contribute to climate change. It is unclear, however, how to manage forests with frequent fire regimes to maximize C storage while reducing C emissions from prescribed burns or wildfire. We modeled the effects of eight different fuel treatments on tree-based C storage and release over a century, with and without wildfire. Model runs show that, after a century of growth without wildfire, the control stored the most C. However, when wildfire was included in the model, the control had the largest total C emission and largest reduction in live-tree-based C stocks. In model runs including wildfire, the final amount of tree-based C sequestered was most affected by the stand structure initially produced by the different fuel treatments. In wildfire-prone forests, tree-based C stocks were best protected by fuel treatments that produced a low-density stand structure dominated by large, fire resistant pines

Fact sheet: Carbon costs of mitigating high-severity wildfires

The increasing frequency of large, severe wildfires in western United States forests presents a challenge in terms of maintaining forest health, especially in the face of climate change. In addition to losses of forest cover, species diversity and increased soil erosion, severe wildfires release carbon stored in forest trees and soils, and reduce the number of trees that can remove carbon from the atmosphere. Altering the forest structure by thinning smaller trees and reducing surface fuels through prescribed burning has proven effective in reducing fire severity. However, thinning and prescribed burning comes with its own costs because these activities remove trees and downed wood that store carbon

Le fédéralisme proudhonien comme contribution à la reconfiguration de la pensée socialiste

En ce jeune 21e siècle, l'espoir de changer le monde semble se dissiper à mesure que se renforce le jugement négatif par rapport aux expériences du communisme réel. L'étude des pratiques révolutionnaires du 20e siècle a de quoi laisser perplexe: dogmatisme idéologique, sectarisme militant et adoration de l'État comme outil d'émancipation. Ce mémoire propose une relecture critique des travaux de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon afin d'explorer certains chemins bloqués par l'orthodoxie marxiste. La confrontation de l'oeuvre proudhonienne avec les apports critiques de théoriciens post-totalitaires (Arendt, Abensour, Rancière) permet de voir en quoi le développement d'une pensée socialiste se doit de prendre comme pierre d'assise le respect de la pluralité et donc de l'indétermination du politique. Plus concrètement, il est démontré en quoi l'antidogmatisme et l'antiétatisme proudhonien sont les deux volets d'une même médaille permettant à notre philosophe d'avancer une proposition politique positive: le fédéralisme libertaire.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Proudhon, Arendt, Abensour, Rancière, pluralisme, fédéralisme, dogmatisme, étatisme, socialism

Editorial: Forest Management Alters Forest Water Use and Drought Vulnerability

This collection of papers provides new insights into how forest management, forest water use and droughts are interrelated. The collection considers both ecohydrologic impacts of changes in forest density (through thinning or fire) and impacts that could occur via species management

L'homosexualité masculine et les discours sur le sexe en contexte montréalais de la fin du XIXe siècle à la Révolution tranquille

La croyance populaire ainsi qu'une certaine théologie accordent souvent au discours religieux sur l'homosexualité une permanence doctrinale qu'il n'a pas. Les mythes populaires ont longtemps attribué la stigmatisation sociale de l'homosexualité au récit de Sodome. La critique historique du rapport entre religion et homosexualité permet cependant de mettre en évidence le caractère construit de ce discours et ses rapports avec le juridique et le médical. Le présent article veut établir de quelle manière ces discours ont pu s'élaborer au Québec, et particulièrement dans la région montréalaise, entre la fin du XIXe siècle et la Révolution tranquille. L'approche historique suggère une nouvelle herméneutique qui met en lumière les véritables impulsions qui sous-tendent le discours religieux sur l'homosexualité. Popular belief and certain types of theology often ascribe a continuity of doctrine to the religious discourse on homosexuality which, in fact, this discourse does not have. Popular myths have long attributed the social stigma of homosexuality to the story of Sodom. Historical criticism of the relationship between religion and homosexuality will bring to the fore the social construction of the religious discourse and its historical connections with the secular discourses of law and medicine. The following article will try to demonstrate how these discourses developed in Quebec, and particularly in the Montreal region, from the end of the nineteenth century to the Quiet Revolution. The historical approach taken here puts forward a new interpretation that brings to the light the real motivations that underlie the religious discourse on homosexuality

Réflexions sur le sous-titrage inspirées par Le Ton Beau de Marot de Douglas Hofstadter

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Carbon protection and fire risk reduction: toward a full accounting of forest carbon offsets

Management of forests for carbon uptake is an important tool in the effort to slow the increase in atmospheric CO sub(2) and global warming. However, some current policies governing forest carbon credits actually promote avoidable CO sub(2) release and punish actions that would increase long-term carbon storage. In fire-prone forests, management that reduces the risk of catastrophic carbon release resulting from stand-replacing wild-fire is considered to be a CO sub(2) source, according to current accounting practices, even though such management may actually increase long-term carbon storage. Examining four of the largest wildfires in the US in 2002, we found that, for forest land that experienced catastrophic stand-replacing fire, prior thinning would have reduced CO sub(2) release from live tree biomass by as much as 98%. Altering carbon accounting practices for forests that have historically experienced frequent, low-severity fire could provide an incentive for forest managers to reduce the risk of catastrophic fire and associated large carbon release events

Rôle des microorganismes sur la spéciation du Cu, Zn et Al dans la rhizosphère de sols forestiers

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal