Learning Representations from Persian Handwriting for Offline Signature Verification, a Deep Transfer Learning Approach

Offline Signature Verification (OSV) is a challenging pattern recognition task, especially when it is expected to generalize well on the skilled forgeries that are not available during the training. Its challenges also include small training sample and large intra-class variations. Considering the limitations, we suggest a novel transfer learning approach from Persian handwriting domain to multi-language OSV domain. We train two Residual CNNs on the source domain separately based on two different tasks of word classification and writer identification. Since identifying a person signature resembles identifying ones handwriting, it seems perfectly convenient to use handwriting for the feature learning phase. The learned representation on the more varied and plentiful handwriting dataset can compensate for the lack of training data in the original task, i.e. OSV, without sacrificing the generalizability. Our proposed OSV system includes two steps: learning representation and verification of the input signature. For the first step, the signature images are fed into the trained Residual CNNs. The output representations are then used to train SVMs for the verification. We test our OSV system on three different signature datasets, including MCYT (a Spanish signature dataset), UTSig (a Persian one) and GPDS-Synthetic (an artificial dataset). On UT-SIG, we achieved 9.80% Equal Error Rate (EER) which showed substantial improvement over the best EER in the literature, 17.45%. Our proposed method surpassed state-of-the-arts by 6% on GPDS-Synthetic, achieving 6.81%. On MCYT, EER of 3.98% was obtained which is comparable to the best previously reported results

An active technique for power saving in WSN under additive white gaussian noise channel

The work with feature of self-power supply by solar cell or by the battery or together at the same time. Therefore, the power dissipation is the big problem in wireless sensor network (WSN) especially when it is works for long time. The efficient method for reducing the power consumption within working is needed. The process of reducing waste power is one of the top priorities of scientists and designers of wireless sensor networks. The aim of this paper is to find the dominant method to reduce the power consumption in the wireless sensor network in order to stay works for long time and maintain the links with other nodes without loss of connection and transfer the information correctly. In this paper, a modified method was invented to minimize power utilization per data bit in a connection. This new method depends on the optimization process for reducing the power consumption as low as possible. All the tests of simulation process were done in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Numerical results demonstrated that the new method reduce the power when different values of noise are present with different types of modulation. Also the distance that the WSN will reach the information to it will be increase with presence of various noise amounts with different types of modulation. As a result, the power was decreased and the signal was reach more distance

Peak to average power ratio reduction in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system using partial transmit sequence

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been becoming more popular modulation technique in the high-speed wireless communication system. It is used especially in Long Term Evaluation technique (LTE) which depended from the fourth-generation (4G) of wireless communication system. OFDM proves high efficiency to transmit data rate as high as 100 Mbps, the capability to combat multipath fading channel and utilization the whole bandwidth. Although, OFDM technology has more advantages, the same time has some obstacles also. The highest Peak to average power ratio (PAPR) considers the main restrict which cause non-linearity at receiving end. Coding, clipping and phase rotation among many PAPR reduction techniques are proposed to overcome this problem. In this project, we investigated the PAPR reduction performance with PAPR reduction technique partial transmit sequence (PTS). This PAPR reduction method consider sub-part of signal scrambling technique that depend on phase rotation technique in its operation. The simulation results show PTS method have improved the PAPR reduction performance with different parameters. Moreover, different kinds of PTS scheme are also plotted. Generally, PTS technique are leading the PAPR reduction better performance. The results are verified using MATLAB software

Low back pain in schoolchildren: the role of school bag weight and carrying way

It is common today to see school children buckling from weight of their school bags . many children bear the burden of carrying school bags that are to heavy for their body frames, that might end up facing a number of health problems. The objectives to measure the school bag weight and percentage to body weight and toinvestigate the effect of school bag weight and carrying methods on the back of school children. It  is Across-sectional study. From 1st March to 30 April , school based study was conducted  in Hilla city in Babylon governorate in Iraq. 242 primary school students ,116 male and 126 female , with rang age (6-12years ) , with the ability to walk and wear school bag independently. The results : the mean ± standard deviation  (SD) of students weight was (29.144± 8.267 ) . bag weight and bag weight to body weight percentage  were also evaluated with mean ± SD  (5.111±2.023) and (18.896 ±9.239) respectively. nearly (31%) of students reported that their school bag weight is of normal weight , (28.5%) as lighter weight and (40.1%) as heavier weight . the students also reported low back pain were (36.8%) , (45%) neck- shoulder pain , (18.2%) reported no pain . the significant association between bag weight and health effect (p=0.001) were (80.4%) of students had lower back pain carried bag weight ? 5 Kg and (19.6%) of students had lower back pain carried bag weight < 5 Kg . shows there was significant difference with (p<0.001) between health effects and gender , with (50%) of females had back and shoulder pain In this study lower back pain was associated with heavy school bag as (56.7%) , (35.1%)  had LBP and neck- shoulder pain respectively  . Conclusion :  a high weight and percentage of school bag by primary school children  the girls carried more school bag weight than boys. Many students reported that their school bag were heavy . the female gender , students weight, bag design ,bag percentage , heavy bag weight and heavier bag weight are risk factors associated with lower back pain  & neck- shoulder pain in school children Keywords: back pain, school children, school bags

A smart voltage and current monitoring system for three phase inverters using an android smartphone application

In this paper, a new smart voltage and current monitoring system (SVCMS) technique is proposed. It monitors a three phase electrical system using an Arduino platform as a microcontroller to read the voltage and current from sensors and then wirelessly send the measured data to monitor the results using a new Android application. The integrated SVCMS design uses an Arduino Nano V3.0 as the microcontroller to measure the results from three voltage and three current sensors and then send this data, after calculation, to the Android smartphone device of an end user using Bluetooth HC-05. The Arduino Nano V3.0 controller and Bluetooth HC-05 are a cheap microcontroller and wireless device, respectively. The new Android smartphone application that monitors the voltage and current measurements uses the open source MIT App Inventor 2 software. It allows for monitoring some elementary fundamental voltage power quality properties. An effort has been made to investigate what is possible using available off-the-shelf components and open source software

The Loss Of Identity In Emily Bronte‘S Wuthering Heights and K. S. Maniam‘S The Return in relation to communication issues: A critical analysis

The Post-world War II was the period of an act to ask for decolonisation and freedom of nations, which were hitherto under colonial rule. These communities wanted to move forward in the direction of reforming their social and individual identities. Therefore, the question of identity became one of the most critical issues in postcolonial literature as its crisis existed in all postcolonial communities. The purpose of this study is to explore the loss of identity that individual encounters during the process of searching for an identity. This is because lack of communication and physical mobility usually amplify the spiritual or psychological sense of alienation, leading to loss of identity. In this study, the researcher adopted the postcolonial criticism (Homi Bhabha‘s Ambivalence and Edward Said‘s Orientalism) and the psychoanalytic criticism (Freud‘s Defense Mechanisms and Kristeva‘s Abjection). This study analysed two postcolonial novels (Emily Bronte‘s Wuthering Heights and K.S Maniam‘s The Return) tracing the themes of loss of identity and the effect of communication in the role of the behaviour of the characters. The two novels were analysed in a systematic approach based on the principles of the qualitative research technique that was embraced in conducting the thematic analysis of the novels. The nature of the study was interpretative in terms of analysing the texts. The study clarified the influence of colonialism on identity, social, psychological, and political facets of colonised communities. As the coloniser imposed his language on the colonised, misunderstanding and lack of communication became part of the colonised‘s life. Therefore, the main reason behind the loss of identity in both novels was demonstrated through the lives of the two main characters (Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights and Ravi in The Return). The duo was slave and migrant who were exposed to new cultures. It was difficult for them to cope with the new cultures as communication challenges set in amidst the quest for their own identities. The psychological trauma experienced by the characters showed the crisis of identity the colonised communities suffered from. This study is regarded as the first approach grouping these two novels to be studied together as postcolonial novels from two viewpoints: the coloniser and the colonised to show the crisis of identity. Besides, a new psychological theory (Kristeva‘s Abjection) was applied to examine the psychological impacts of colonialism on the colonised. Lastly, the study demonstrated the consequences of random migration on people. Thus, it is a call to mitigate the migration of young people from Iraq to foreign countries

Frequency of Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder in obese females and the Relationship with Some Individual Characteristics

eating disorder nowadays considered as a primary health issue since growing incidence and health consequences of eating disorders among the population. Bulimia nervosa is a disorder which disrupts the ability to maintain a `normal’ eating pattern. Aim of study : to  determine the prevalence of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder among  obese persons and the difference of some Individual Characteristics factors in obese females with eating disorders(binge eating disorder and  bulimia nervosa) and obese females without eating disorders. Patients and method : a cross sectional study  from  August -2012 to March- 2013 ,  for randomly selected (190) obese females , their body mass index (BMI)?30Kg/m2  , age range from 15 to 60  years, (40 ,21%) met the definition and criteria of Bing eating disorder(BED) and Bulimia nervosa(BN).  (32, 16.84%) were BE and (8, 4.23%) were BN. Others (150, 78.9%) were obese female without any eating disorder  . constricted  Questionnaires regarding the diagnostic criteria of Bing eating disorder and bulimia nervosa and  socio demographic factors for both groups are taken and other variable related to the health factors: classes of obesity   , history chronic stress, sleep disturbances, and , history of hypertension or treatments to it , history of diabetes mellitus and factors related to female such as MD (menstrual disturbance),  and other food related factors : favorite food, meal frequency and snack frequency. anthropometric measurements (weight, height then body mass index(BMI)) were taken  . Results: The total number of patient collected to these study (190) patients. 40 (21%) met the definition and criteria of eating disorder and bulimia nervosa , other 150(78.9%) consider as obese without eating disorder group .45% of study group with eating disorders in age group 26-35 compared with 37.9% in obese group without eating disorder. There was a statistical significant relationship regarding age group, residence, marital state and educational level between the study groups with(  p-value = 0.002 , 0.002, 0.021,0.036 ) respectively, with no difference regarding occupation(p-value=0.420). and 47.5% of eating disorder group were in class II obesity compared with  37.3% in obese group without eating disorder with statistical significant (?2=7.720,df=2 ,p-value=0.021). and 52.5% of eating disorder group reported body shape stressor  compared with 23.3% in the other study group with significant difference between the study groups regarding report of stress and history of diabetes mellitus (?2=13.256,df=3 ,p-value=0.004) , (?2=12.66,df=1 ,p-value=0.000) respectively  and no difference regarding sleep disturbance , menstrual disturbance and hypertension (p-value =0.375 , 0.215, 0.196) respectively .65% of obese with eating disorder group prefer mixed and fatty meal compare with 34.7% in obese without eating disorder (p-value=0.001) and significant difference regarding meal and snack intake between the study groups (p-value= 0.011,0.024) respectively. conclusion, obese women  with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa appear to report younger age ,live in cities mostly married and had college and post graduate level of education  that is  different compared to obese women without binge eating and bulimic disorder   those who reported lighter body weight and body shape stressor and the majority of eating disorders group report no history of diabetes mellitus , they also prefer mixed and fatty meal and the majority of them reported consume lunch meal and afternoon snack regularly. Keywords: obesity, binge eatin