A non-sense mutation in the putative anti-mutator gene ada/alkA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis isolates suggests convergent evolution

Background: Previous studies have suggested that variations in DNA repair genes of W-Beijing strains may have led to transient mutator phenotypes which in turn may have contributed to host adaptation of this strain family. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the DNA repair gene mutT1 was identified in MDR-prone strains from the Central African Republic. A Mycobacteriumtuberculosis H37Rv mutant inactivated in two DNA repair genes, namely ada/alkA and ogt, was shown to display a hypermutator phenotype. We then looked for polymorphisms in these genes in Central African Republic strains (CAR). Results: In this study, 55 MDR and 194 non-MDR strains were analyzed. Variations in DNA repair genes ada/alkA and ogt were identified. Among them, by comparison to M. tuberculosis published sequences, we found a non-sense variation in ada/alkA gene which was also observed in M. bovis AF2122 strain. SNPs that are present in the adjacent regions to the amber variation are different in M. bovis and in M. tuberculosis strain. Conclusion: An Amber codon was found in the ada/alkA locus of clustered M. tuberculosis isolates and in M. bovis strain AF2122. This is likely due to convergent evolution because SNP differences between strains are incompatible with horizontal transfer of an entire gene. This suggests that such a variation may confer a selective advantage and be implicated in hypermutator phenotype expression, which in turn contributes to adaptation to environmental changes

High performance conjugate heat transfer with the openpalm coupler

Optimizing gas turbines is a complex multi-physical and multi-component problem that has long been based on expensive experiments. Today, computer simulations can reduce design process costs and are acknowledged as a promising path for optimization. Although the simulations of specific components of gas turbines become accessible, these stand-alone simulations face a new challenge: to improve the quality of the results, new physics must be introduced. Based on the simulation of conjugate heat transfer within an industrial combustor to predict the temperature of its walls, the current work aims at studying the scalability of code coupling on HPC architectures. Coupling accurately solvers on massively parallel architectures while maintaining their scalability is challenging. The strategy investigated relies on recent developments made in a generic parallel coupler. Performance tests have been carried out until 12,288 cores on the CURIE supercomputer (TGCC / CEA). Results show a good behavior and advanced analyzes are carried out in order to draw new paths for future developments in coupled simulations

Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bangui, Central African Republic

We investigated multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Bangui, Central African Republic. We found 39.6% with the same spoligotype and synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the mutT1 gene. However, strains had different rpoB mutations responsible for rifampin resistance. MDR strains in Bangui may emerge preferentially from a single, MDR-prone family

Gene expression profiling of human adrenocortical tumors using complementary deoxyribonucleic Acid microarrays identifies several candidate genes as markers of malignancy.

International audienceThe aim of this study was to identify predictor sets of genes whose over- or underexpression in human sporadic adrenocortical tumors would help to identify malignant vs. benign tumors and to predict postsurgical metastatic recurrence. For this, we analyzed the expression of 230 candidate genes using cDNA microarrays in a series of 57 well-characterized human sporadic adrenocortical tumors (33 adenomas and 24 carcinomas). We identified two clusters of genes (the IGF-II cluster containing eight genes, including IGF-II, and the steroidogenesis cluster containing six genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes plus eight other genes) whose combined levels of expression appeared to be good predictors of malignancy. This predictive value was as strong as that of the pathological score of Weiss. The analysis of the population of carcinomas (13 tumors) for genes whose expression would be strongly different between recurring and nonrecurring tumors allowed identification of 14 genes meeting these criteria. Among these genes, there are probably new markers of tumor evolution that will deserve additional validation on a larger scale. Taken together, these results show that the parallel analysis of the expression levels of a selected group of genes on microgram quantities of tumor RNA (a quantity that can be obtained from fine needle aspirations) appears as a complementary method to histopathology for the diagnosis and prognosis of evolution of adrenocortical carcinomas

La suppression de la réserve parlementaire ou la disparition d'une convention de la Constitution

National audienceno abstrac

La modification du règlement de l'Assemblée nationale du 28 novembre 2014. Une réforme soumise à l'appréciation du Conseil constitutionnel

National audienceno abstrac

Un nouveau train de réformes pour le Sénat

National audienceno abstrac

L'obligation des groupes parlementaires de l'Assemblée nationale de se constituer en association.Cons. const., déc. 16 octobre 2014, n°2014-702 DC : JO 18 octobre 2014, p 17305

National audienceLa résolution du 17 septembre 2014 modifiant le règlement de l'Assemblée nationale et imposant aux groupes parlementaires de se constituer en association a été déclarée conforme à la Constitutio

Constitution du 4 octobre 1958.

Encyclopédies - JCl Administrati

La question nouvelle, condition de renvoi d'une question prioritaire de constitutionnalité au Conseil constitutionnel. (Un critère technique au service de politiques jurisprudentielles)

consultable en ligne sur www.Lextenso.frNational audienceLa question prioritaire de constitutionnalité n'en finit pas de susciter un fort engouement à la fois des justiciables et de la doctrine. Faut-il s'en étonner ? Assurément pas, car en remettant en cause «le principe républicain d'immunité de la loi promulguée», elle fonde un nouveau paradigme au sein duquel s'affirme pleinement la primauté de la Constitution dans la hiérarchie des normes