ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND RISK OF DESERTIFICATION IN ALTO SERTÃO REGION, ALAGOAS STATE, BRAZIL

In this research, the authors evaluated the degree of degradation of the Caatinga biome in Sertão do São Francisco Microregion, Alagoas State, Brazil, by the association of these results with the aridity. We obtained a panorama of the desertification propensity in this area. From the aridity index (IA), the region was classified as having a semi-arid condition (0.2 ? IA <0.5). It was observed values of IA less than 0.50, characterizing an environment with high propensity to establish the state of desertification. From the collected data, we realized the state of degradation of the municipalities in study, all with percentage of anthropic areas greater than 60%. The municipality of Piranhas deserves highlight by the analysis of temporal evolution of the anthropized Caatinga area, with an increase of 44, 661 km² between 2002 and 2009, corresponding to an increase of 17.8% in only seven years. It leads to a scenario where 74.21% of the original Caatinga is in an anthropized state. The critical values of the aridity index, associated to high degree of anthropization may lead to the establishment of desertification process in the study area

Ocorrência de tombamento em plantas de Coriandrum sativum L. na Paraíba/Occurrence of tipping in Coriandrum sativum L. plants in Paraíba

O coentro é uma olerícola de grande importância no Brasil, principalmente por suas propriedades medicinais e utilização como temperos nas receitas nordestinas e geração de renda para pequenos produtores. No entanto agentes fitopatogenicos têm causado diminuição na área plantada dessa olerícola, em grandes áreas produtivas no estado da Paraíba. Esse trabalho objetivou identificar o agente causal de tombamentos em plantas de coentro no município de Lagoa Seca, PB. O experimento foi conduzido no laboratório de Fitopatologia (LAFIT), da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). Foram coletadas plantas de coentro, de uma propriedade rural de Lagoa Seca, PB que apresentavam sintomas de murcha e tombamento. Após a observação dos sintomas as plantas foram encaminhadas ao LAFIT, onde foi realizado o isolamento da planta, em meio de cultura Batata Dextrose e Agar. Após 7 dias do isolamento, as colônias fungícas foram identificadas em microscópio ótico. Seguido a obtenção de cultura pura do patógeno deu-se continuação aos postulados de Koch. Após a observação dos sintomas, realizou-se a inoculação em plantas de coentro com suspensão de 1 x 105 esporos/mL, e observou-se a reprodução dos sintomas. Em seguida, realizou-se o re-isolamento das plantas inoculadas anteriormente, a partir das plantas sintomáticas em comparação com as plantas de coentro coletadas, elas apresentavam os mesmos sintomas, de murcha e tombamento. Dessa forma foram realizadas todas as etapas que compõem os postulados de Koch.  Por tanto, através dos testes realizados o patógeno identificado foi o fungo Fusarium sp., confirmando ser o agente causal do tombamento de plântulas de coentro no município de Lagoa Seca, PB

Identificação do agente causal do tombamento em coentro em Lagoa-Seca - PB

Coriandrum sativum L. is a crop of great importance in Brazil, mainly due to its use as seasonings in Northeastern recipes and income generation for small producers. Thus, studies on the possible diseases that can affect their development, become essential to obtain good agronomic results for this crop. In this context, the present work aimed to identify the causal agent of rotting and tipping in coriander plants in rural properties of Lagoa Seca - PB. The experiment was conducted at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Paraíba. For the experiment, samples of coriander plants with symptoms of tipping were collected in rural properties of Lagoa Seca-PB, identification was performed after isolation of the fungus. After the fungal growth on the plaques, the pathogen was identified through spore visualization under the optical microscope. To obtain a pure culture, the fungal colony was again re-plated and plated in BDA medium. For the reproduction of the symptoms, plastic vases containing autoclaved substrate were used, where 25 mL of the suspension containing 1 x 105 spores / mL of Fusarium sp. Were added. After the emergence of the seedlings, the reproduction of symptoms was observed. The fungus was re-isolated from the symptomatic plants, following the same procedure as above. As results, we could observe that the 4 stages of Koch Postulate were successfully fulfilled. That is, the fungus identified in the lesions was Fusarium sp. The same was isolated in pure culture. After inoculation of the healthy host, there was reproduction of the symptoms of tipping, and from the symptomatic plants the fungus was reisolated and presented the same characteristics of the original colony. It is concluded, therefore, that the causal agent of coriander seedling tipping in the municipality of Lagoa Seca - PB, is the fungus Fusarium sp.O coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) é uma cultura de grande importância no Brasil, principalmente por sua utilização como temperos nas receitas nordestinas e geração de renda para pequenos produtores. Assim, os estudos sobre as possíveis doenças que podem afetar o seu desenvolvimento, tornam-se essenciais para obtenção de bons resultados agronômicos para essa cultura. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou identificar o agente causal de podridões e tombamentos em plantas de coentro em propriedades rurais de Lagoa Seca – PB. O experimento foi conduzido, no laboratório de Fitopatologia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Para o experimento foram coletadas amostras, de plantas de coentro com sintomas de tombamento, em propriedades rurais de Lagoa Seca-PB, a identificação foi realizada após o isolamento do fungo. Após o crescimento fúngico nas placas realizou-se a identificação do patógeno através da visualização de esporos sob o microscópio óptico. Para a obtenção de cultura pura, realizou-se novo repicagem da colônia fúngica, plaqueada em meio BDA. Para a reprodução dos sintomas, utilizou-se vasos plásticos contendo substrato autoclavado onde foi adicionando 25 mL da suspensão contendo 1 x 105 esporos/mL de Fusarium sp.. Em seguida, as sementes de coentro foram semeadas e, após o surgimento das plântulas, observou-se a reprodução dos sintomas. Realizou-se o re-isolamento do fungo a partir das plantas sintomáticas, seguindo o mesmo procedimento citado anteriormente. Como resultados, pudemos observar que foram cumpridas com sucesso, as 4 etapas dos Postulado de Koch. Ou seja, o fungo identificado nas lesões foi Fusarium sp. O mesmo foi isolado em cultura pura. Após inoculação do hospedeiro sadio, houve a reprodução dos sintomas de tombamento e, a partir das plantas sintomáticas o fungo foi reisolado e apresentou as mesmas características da colônia original. Conclui-se, portanto, que o agente causal do tombamento de plântulas de coentro no município de Lagoa Seca – PB, é o fungo Fusarium sp

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London