Marketing strategies: innovation in retail during the restriction and social distance measures caused by the Covid-19 pandemic / Estratégias de marketing: inovação no varejo durante as medidas de restrição e distância social causadas pela pandemia de Covid-19

This study aims to understand the changes and perceptions of retailers related to marketing strategies in innovation in the empirical reality of retail, during the measures of restriction and social and commercial distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative content analysis study, carried out through interviews. The objects of study of the investigation were companies operating in retail in the city of Criciúma (SC). The results indicate that the main change in retail companies was the growing use of digital media, including websites, Instagram, Facebook and WhatsApp. The lack of understanding of the theory of innovation in marketing was present in the testimonies of the interviewees. Thus, it is observed that innovation in marketing is something new and still needs to be explored in economic sectors. The testimonies showed that the innovation stems from the marketing need and responsibility of store owners for monitoring the progress of activities, with no sharing of ideas and decisions between the different areas to facilitate decision-making. The and studo contributed to expand the understanding of the marketing strategies of innovation in empirical reality of retailers and how this impacted directly on their business.

ESTUDO TEÓRICO SOBRE INOVAÇÃO NO ENSINO SUPERIOR COM BASE EM INDICADORES E PARAMETROS DO SINAES

This paper discusses the relationship between institutional assessment, based on ENADE and CPC indicators, and the elements applied in building a culture of innovation, as established by the ISO 56002 standard. The literature highlights that both elements can be interconnected, since they serve as standards to guide the implementation of actions aimed at innovation in the studied courses. In addition, the article suggests possibilities for integrating these processes with a view to maintaining institutional quality.Este artículo analiza la relación entre la evaluación institucional, basada en indicadores de ENADE y CPC, y los elementos que se aplican en la construcción de una cultura de innovación, tal como lo establece la norma ISO 56002. La literatura destaca que ambos elementos pueden estar interconectados, ya que sirven como estándares. orientar la implementación de acciones dirigidas a la innovación en los cursos estudiados. Además, el artículo sugiere posibilidades para integrar estos procesos con miras a mantener la calidadDiscute-se neste trabalho a relação entre a avaliação institucional, com base nos indicadores do ENADE e do CPC, e os elementos aplicados na construção de uma cultura de inovação, conforme estabelecido pela norma ISO 56002. A literatura destaca que ambos os elementos podem estar interligados, uma vez que servem como padrões para orientar a implementação de ações voltadas à inovação nos cursos estudados. Além disso, o artigo sugere possibilidades de integração desses processos visando à manutenção da qualidade institucional.Discute-se neste trabalho a relação entre a avaliação institucional, com base nos indicadores do ENADE e do CPC, e os elementos aplicados na construção de uma cultura de inovação, conforme estabelecido pela norma ISO 56002. A literatura destaca que ambos os elementos podem estar interligados, uma vez que servem como padrões para orientar a implementação de ações voltadas à inovação nos cursos estudados. Além disso, o artigo sugere possibilidades de integração desses processos visando à manutenção da qualidade institucional

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

A Novel Silica-Nylon Mesh Reinforcement for Dental Prostheses

Statement of the Problem. Acrylic resin-based dentures can fracture; thus they can benefit from reinforcement. Purpose. To evaluate the effect of a novel reinforcement structure made of nylon fibers and silica particles on the flexural strength of acrylic resin after relining and aging. Materials and Methods. Bar-shaped specimens were fabricated and divided into the following experimental groups (n=20): control (acrylic resin without reinforcement); acrylic resin nylon fiber-reinforced; acrylic nylon and silica fiber-reinforced; acrylic nylon fiber-reinforced-relined; acrylic nylon and silica fiber-reinforced-relined. Half of the specimens from each group were aged by thermomechanical cycling (10000 cycles between 5°C and 55°C) before flexural strength testing to failure using a universal testing machine. Data (MPa) were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α=5%). Results. Adding nylon fibers or silica-containing nylon fibers significantly increased the flexural strength of all the groups tested. Within the similar groups processed in the same manner, the relining procedure reduced the flexural strength of the specimens, whereas aging process had no effect on the strength values. Conclusion. Incorporating a silica-containing nylon fiber mesh into acrylic resin yielded the greatest flexural strength for the evaluated structures