A APRENDIZAGEM COMO DESTINO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO PROGRAMA PIBID NO PROCESSO ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM EM ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO DE UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE LONDRINA (PR)

O presente artigo expõe as contribuições do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação a Docência (PIBID) no processo de ensino na formação docente e, como essa relação concatenada com a proposta curricular da Disciplina de Arte das turmas de primeiro ano do ensino médio do Colégio Estadual Professora Roseli Piotto Roehrig  redirecionaram o trabalho educacional para dentro de uma perspectiva real da aprendizagem dos alunos tanto os de graduação quanto os da rede básica de ensino integrados à proposta. As reflexões deste artigo são resultantes das experiências das oficinas do segundo semestre de 2012 e da oficina de arte contemporânea: Desconstrução e reconstrução de objetos de fevereiro e março de 2013. Os resultados desta experiência de ensino-aprendizagem viabilizaram um mapeamento da prática docente em seu viés mais problematizante a receptividade na aprendizagem

Simvastatin attenuates neutrophil recruitment in one-lung ventilation model in rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in rats undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) followed by lung re-expansion. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were submitted to 1-h OLV followed by 1-h lung re-expansion. Treated group received simvastatin (40 mg/kg for 21 days) previous to OLV protocol. Control group received no treatment or surgical/ventilation interventions. Measurements of pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pulmonary protein extravasation, and serum levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed. RESULTS: OLV significantly increased the MPO activity in the collapsed and continuously ventilated lungs (31% and 52% increase, respectively) compared with control (p<0.05). Treatment with simvastatin significantly reduced the MPO activity in the continuously ventilated lung but had no effect on lung edema after OLV. The serum IL-6 and CRP levels were markedly higher in OLV group, but simvastatin treatment failed to affect the production of these inflammatory markers. Serum levels of IL-1&#946;, TNF-&#945; and IL-10 remained below the detection limit in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: In an experimental one-lung ventilation model pre-operative treatment with simvastatin reduces remote neutrophil infiltration in the continuously ventilated lung. Our findings suggest that simvastatin may be of therapeutic value in OLV-induced pulmonary inflammation deserving clinical investigations.To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in rats undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) followed by lung re-expansion. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were submitted to 1-h OLV followed by 1-h lung re-expansion. Treated group received simvastatin (40 mg/kg for 21 days) previous to OLV protocol. Control group received no treatment or surgical/ventilation interventions. Measurements of pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, pulmonary protein extravasation, and serum levels of cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) were performed. RESULTS: OLV significantly increased the MPO activity in the collapsed and continuously ventilated lungs (31% and 52% increase, respectively) compared with control (p<0.05). Treatment with simvastatin significantly reduced the MPO activity in the continuously ventilated lung but had no effect on lung edema after OLV. The serum IL-6 and CRP levels were markedly higher in OLV group, but simvastatin treatment failed to affect the production of these inflammatory markers. Serum levels of IL-1&#946;, TNF-&#945; and IL-10 remained below the detection limit in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: In an experimental one-lung ventilation model pre-operative treatment with simvastatin reduces remote neutrophil infiltration in the continuously ventilated lung. Our findings suggest that simvastatin may be of therapeutic value in OLV-induced pulmonary inflammation deserving clinical investigations28424525

Desafios do programa nacional de alimentação escolar (PNAE) como instrumento de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar em pequenos municípios

A partir da promulgação da Lei 11.947/2009, as compras de alimentos destinadas para a alimentação escolar passaram a servir como instrumento de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. Desde então, ficou estabelecido que ao menos 30% dos recursos destinados para o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) fossem utilizados na compra de alimentos produzidos pela agricultura familiar. Esse trabalho analisou a operacionalização desse programa em três municípios da região Sudoeste Paulista, objetivando compreender as dificuldades que pequenos municípios enfrentam em sua execução. Os resultados apontaram que, apesar de o programa ser considerado de grande relevância pelos atores locais, diferentes dificuldades emergem em função dos arranjos que se estabelecem em cada município. A pesquisa revelou que o comprometimento dos gestores públicos locais na promoção do diálogo entre os atores envolvidos na execução do programa pode ser considerado o fator decisivo para o sucesso do programa

Influence of Vinasse Application in the Structure and Composition of the Bacterial Community of the Soil under Sugarcane Cultivation

Although the use of vinasse as a waste helps replenish soil nutrients and improves the quality of the sugarcane crop, it is known that vinasse residues alter the diversity of bacteria naturally present in the soil. The actual impacts of vinasse application on the selection of bacterial taxa are not understood because no studies have addressed this phenomenon directly. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone sequences from four soil types showed that the soil planted with sugarcane and fertilized with vinasse has a high diversity of bacteria compared to other biomes, where Acidobacteria were the second most abundant phylum. Although the composition and structure of bacterial communities differ significantly in the four environments (Libshuff &apos;s test), forest soils and soil planted with sugarcane without vinasse fertilizer were similar to each other because they share at least 28 OTUs related to Rhizobiales, which are important agents involved in nitrogen fixation. OTUs belonging to Actinomycetales were detected more often in the soil that had vinasse applied, indicating that these groups are more favored by this type of land management

Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Oral Health Team Professionals

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among oral health professionals. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Professionals from three different categories were included: dental surgeons (DS), dental assistants (DA), and dental hygienists (DH). A questionnaire was created on a digital platform and sent via institutional email to each subject. The questionnaire contained 32 questions about sociodemographic, work, and behavior factors. The data about SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed through RT-PCR exams. Descriptive (absolute and relative frequencies) and inferential analyses (chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test) (p&lt;0.05) were performed. Results: There was a SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence of 3.8% for DS, 30.0% for DH, and 33.3% for DA. SARS-CoV-2 was associated with a lower income (p=0.027), a lower education level (p=0.011), the category of technical professionals (DA and DH) (p=0.025), and using public transportation to commute to work (p=0.009). Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors like lower income and education levels and work factors like job category and public transportation were associated with COVID-19 among professionals on the oral health teams

Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Oral Health Team Professionals

Objective: To analyze the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among oral health professionals. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Professionals from three different categories were included: dental surgeons (DS), dental assistants (DA), and dental hygienists (DH). A questionnaire was created on a digital platform and sent via institutional email to each subject. The questionnaire contained 32 questions about sociodemographic, work, and behavior factors. The data about SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed through RT-PCR exams. Descriptive (absolute and relative frequencies) and inferential analyses (chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test) (p&lt;0.05) were performed. Results: There was a SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence of 3.8% for DS, 30.0% for DH, and 33.3% for DA. SARS-CoV-2 was associated with a lower income (p=0.027), a lower education level (p=0.011), the category of technical professionals (DA and DH) (p=0.025), and using public transportation to commute to work (p=0.009). Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors like lower income and education levels and work factors like job category and public transportation were associated with COVID-19 among professionals on the oral health teams

Blogs de Ciência da Unicamp: divulgação científica por docentes e pesquisadores

RESUMO: Existe uma demanda crescente no Brasil por informações sobre ciência, e, dadas as características potencializadoras da Web 2.0 para o aprendizado, são necessárias ações de engajamento e capacitação de pesquisadores para o uso dos blogs, aproximando assim a ciência do público emgeral, alinhando divulgação científica, comunicação e as tecnologias, para que, através de um processo de educação informal, seja desenvolvida uma cultura científica para além do espaço da academia. Este artigo apresenta resultados preliminares, coletados durante a implantação de uma proposta de desenvolvimento de plataforma tecnológica, com o objetivo de estimular o uso de blogs de divulgação científica por docentes e pesquisadores. Ele apresenta também detalhes de implantação do modelo, discussão teórica que fundamenta a proposta, descrição das etapas e as perspectivas de futuro. Aimplantação se deu em uma instituição de ensino superior do Brasil, já que, neste país, são estas que produzem pesquisa, ensino e extensão, e geram conhecimento de ponta e inovação. Nos Estados Unidos, já é comum a utilização de blogs como ferramenta de divulgação de ciência por pesquisadores, mas aqui essa atividade ainda é incipiente. É apresentada uma breve discussão sobre aimplantação desse projeto, sobre como a plataforma tecnológica escolhida (blogs) poderia auxiliar nos esforços de divulgação científica, e também as etapas de implementação dessa ferramenta dentro de uma comunidade de docentes e pesquisadores, com os respectivos dados coletados e as análisesrealizadas até o momento

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, polygenic risk score, and thalamic development in children from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions (BHRCS)

Background: Thalamic volume measures have been linked to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. However, it is unclear if alterations in thalamic volumes occur before or after symptom onset and if there is a relation to the presence of sub-clinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). Here, we explore the relationship between OCS and the rate of thalamic volume change in a cohort of children and youth at high risk to develop a mental disorder. A secondary aim was to determine if there is a relationship between OCS and the individual’s OCD polygenic risk score (OCD-PRS) and between the rate of thalamic volume change and the OCD-PRS. Methods: The sample included 378 children enrolled in the longitudinal Brazilian High-Risk Cohort for Mental Conditions. Participants were assessed for OCS and the symmetrized percent change (SPC) of thalamic volume across two time-points separated by 3 years, along with the OCD-PRS. Zero-altered negative binomial models were used to analyze the relationship between OCS and thalamic SPC. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between thalamic SPC and OCD-PRS. Results: A significant relationship between OCS and the right thalamus SPC (p = 0.042) was found. There was no significant relationship between changes in thalamic volume SPC and OCD-PRS. Conclusions: The findings suggest that changes in the right thalamic volume over the course of 3 years in children may be associated to OCS. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and further characterize the specific nature of OCS symptoms associated with thalamic volumes