Continuous intravascular blood gas monitoring: development, current techniques, and clinical use of a commercial device

This review focuses on the development, current techniques, and clinical use of continuous intravascular blood gas monitoring (CIBM) devices in anaesthesia and intensive care. The operating principles, range of application, performance, limitations, costs, and impact on patient treatment and outcome, are discussed. Studies of early and currently available CIBM devices were analysed. At present, the Paratrend 7+® (PT7+®) for adults and Neotrend™ (NT™) for newborns are the only commercially available CIBM systems. The PT7+® contains three optical sensors to measure Po2, Pco2 and pH, as well as a thermocouple to measure temperature. The NT™ is a modification of the PT7+® to continuously monitor Po2, Pco2, pH and temperature in newborns. Under laboratory conditions, good performance over a wide range of blood gas values was observed with the Paratrend 7® (PT7®). Performance in the clinical setting was not as satisfactory, especially for Po2 values. However, the performance and accuracy of CIBM devices appear to be sufficient for clinical use and they are being used clinically in selected patient groups. Several factors affecting the performance of CIBM are considered. Br J Anaesth 2003: 91; 397-40

Continuous intravascular blood gas monitoring: development, current techniques, and clinical use of a commercial device

This review focuses on the development, current techniques, and clinical use of continuous intravascular blood gas monitoring (CIBM) devices in anaesthesia and intensive care. The operating principles, range of application, performance, limitations, costs, and impact on patient treatment and outcome, are discussed. Studies of early and currently available CIBM devices were analysed. At present, the Paratrend 7+® (PT7+®) for adults and Neotrend™ (NT™) for newborns are the only commercially available CIBM systems. The PT7+® contains three optical sensors to measure Po2, Pco2 and pH, as well as a thermocouple to measure temperature. The NT™ is a modification of the PT7+® to continuously monitor Po2, Pco2, pH and temperature in newborns. Under laboratory conditions, good performance over a wide range of blood gas values was observed with the Paratrend 7® (PT7®). Performance in the clinical setting was not as satisfactory, especially for Po2 values. However, the performance and accuracy of CIBM devices appear to be sufficient for clinical use and they are being used clinically in selected patient groups. Several factors affecting the performance of CIBM are considered. Br J Anaesth 2003: 91; 397-40

Collodial particles at a range of fluid-fluid particles

The study of solid particles residing at fluid-fluid interfaces has become an established area in surface and colloid science recently experiencing a renaissance since around 2000. Particles at interfaces arise in many industrial products and processes like anti-foam formulations, crude oil emulsions, aerated foodstuffs and flotation. Although they act in many ways like traditional surfactant molecules, they offer distinct advantages also and the area is now multi-disciplinary involving research in the fundamental science and potential applications. In this Feature Article, a flavour of some of this interest is given based on recent work from our own group and includes the behaviour of particles at oil-water, air-water, oil-oil, air-oil and water-water interfaces. The materials capable of being prepared by assembling various kinds of particles at fluid interfaces include particle-stabilised emulsions, particle-stabilised aqueous and oil foams, dry liquids, liquid marbles and powdered emulsions

Semiclassical trajectory-coherent states of the nonlocal Gross-Pitaesvkii equation with radial symmetry

In this paper the semiclassical formalism is applied to the nonlocal Gross-Pitaevskii equation with radial symmetry. Some aspects of constructing of semiclassically concentrated solutions in polar coordinates are shown. The semiclassical trajectory-coherent states, concentrated on the ring, are obtained. The example of specific physically motivated equation is considered and some properties of its semiclassical trajectorycoherent states are noted

Fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240): activity in virtro against 355 enteropathogenic and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli and Legionella pneumophila

The antibacterial activity of fleroxacin (Ro 23-6240, AM-833), a new 6-fluoroquinolone, was determined against 149 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria (17 species) and 191 strains (28 species) of glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative rods (excluding Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and against 15 strains of Legionella pneumophila. The cumulative susceptibility of these groups of bacteria to Ro 23-6240 at the 2 mg/l level were 99.2% 80.1 and 100% of tested strains, respectivel

Review of CGIAR Research Programs Governance and Management: Final Report

The Review of CGIAR Research Program Governance and Management was requested by the CGIAR Consortium and approved by the Fund Council in November 2012. The Independent Evaluation Arrangement (IEA) is responsible for the review, which was carried out between June 2013 and January 2014. At the time the review was initiated, Consortium Research Programs (CRP) governance and management structures were in place or approved for each CRP. This enabled the review to “take stock of experience so far, identify issues and provide lessons from existing CRPs and elsewhere which can be applicable to other CRPs” (Annex 1, Review Terms of Reference)

Cowboy Obstetrics--A Calving Primer

Dystocia plagues cattle producers throughout Idaho. A team of Extension educators and specialists designed a curriculum and conducted calving schools to teach dystocia management principles and demonstrate methods to reduce stress during birth and enhance the potential for calf survival. Over 300 ranchers and ranch employees attended the intensive, 1-day schools. Pre- and post-tests showed a 47 to 58% increase in attendees\u27 knowledge about dystocia and dystocia management practices. Follow-up telephone surveys conducted 9 months later indicated attendees retained at least a portion of the information taught and saved an average of 1.6 calves per ranch

Präoperative Nüchternzeiten: Sicht der Patienten

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Mit dem Ziel der subjektiven perioperativen Qualitätsverbesserung scheint es wünschenswert, die präoperativen Nüchternzeiten im Rahmen der als sicher geltenden Grenzen so kurz als möglich zu halten. Diese Maßnahmen sollten mit einer messbaren Verminderung von präoperativem Hunger und Durst einhergehen und v.a. in einer Verbesserung der präoperativen Befindlichkeit resultieren. Welchen Einfluss Durst und Hunger aus Patientensicht auf den präoperativen Komfort haben, ist jedoch weit gehend unbekannt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, das Ausmaß der Beeinträchtigung der Patienten durch eine traditionelle Nüchternheitsregelung abzuschätzen. Patienten und Methoden: Ein Kollektiv von 412Patienten der "American-Society-of-Anesthesiologists"- (ASA-)RisikoklassenI und II, das sich einem kleineren chirurgischen Eingriff unterzog, wurde mithilfe eines Fragebogens zum Ausmaß und Stellenwert von präoperativem Durst und Hunger befragt. Ergebnisse: Es hatten 33% der Patienten mäßigen oder starken Durst, 19% mäßigen bis starken Hunger. Von den Befragten möchten 47% vor der Operation noch trinken, 72% hätten gern noch ein leichtes Frühstück eingenommen. Die mittlere Nüchternzeit war 12,8±3,4h für Flüssigkeiten und 15,5±4,4h für Essen. Durst wurde von 3,3% und Hunger von 0,8% der Patienten als Hauptgrund für die Beeinträchtigung des präoperativen Wohlbefindens genannt. Das lange Warten (8,5%), Nervosität (6,5%) und Angst (4,8%) wurden am häufigsten genannt. Die Antworten waren unabhängig von der Zeitdauer der präoperativen Nüchternheit. Schlussfolgerung: Der Patientenkomfort ist durch eine traditionelle Nüchternheitsregelung beeinträchtigt, und Minimierung der präoperativen Nüchternzeiten wird von den Patienten gewünscht. Anstrengungen mit dem Ziel der Reduktion von präoperativer Angst und Nervosität bergen jedoch zusätzliches großes Potenzial für eine Steigerung der perioperativen Behandlungsqualität aus Sicht der Patiente