THE METHOD OF SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS IN THE MATHEMATICAL THE-ORY OF SHALLOW SHELLS OF ARBITRARY THICKNESS

The method of sequential approximations (MSA) in mathematical theory (MT) of transversal-isotropic shallow shells of arbitrary thickness is developed. MT takes into account all components of stress-strain state (SSS). SSS and boundary conditions are considered to be functions of three varia-bles. Three-dimensional problems are reduced to two- dimensional decompositions of all the compo-nents of the SSS into series in the transverse coordinate using Legendre polynomials and using the Reisner variational principle. The boundary conditions for stresses on the front surfaces of the shell are fulfilled precisely. Previous studies have shown the high efficiency of this MT. The boundary-value problem for a shallow shell is reduced to sequences of two boundary-value problems for the respective plates. One sequence describes symmetric deformation relative to the median plane, and the other sequence is skew symmetric. MSA makes it easier to find a common solution of differential equations (DE) for shallow shells. Highly accurate results for SSS are already in the first approxi-mation. MSA can be used when solving problems for shallow shells by other theories.The method of sequential approximations (MSA) in mathematical theory (MT) of transversal-isotropic shallow shells of arbitrary thickness is developed. MT takes into account all components of stress-strain state (SSS). SSS and boundary conditions are considered to be functions of three varia-bles. Three-dimensional problems are reduced to two- dimensional decompositions of all the compo-nents of the SSS into series in the transverse coordinate using Legendre polynomials and using the Reisner variational principle. The boundary conditions for stresses on the front surfaces of the shell are fulfilled precisely. Previous studies have shown the high efficiency of this MT. The boundary-value problem for a shallow shell is reduced to sequences of two boundary-value problems for the respective plates. One sequence describes symmetric deformation relative to the median plane, and the other sequence is skew symmetric. MSA makes it easier to find a common solution of differential equations (DE) for shallow shells. Highly accurate results for SSS are already in the first approxi-mation. MSA can be used when solving problems for shallow shells by other theories

Airbags: saving lives

The airbag system is one of the crucial parts of any vehicle safety components. Proper airbag deployment can ensure that you and your passengers survive a crash

Airbags: saving lives

The airbag system is one of the crucial parts of any vehicle safety components. Proper airbag deployment can ensure that you and your passengers survive a crash

Image defect detection algorithm based on deep learning

In this paper proposed a system for automatic defects detection in images. The solution to this problem is widely used in practice. Automatic detection is found in the challenge of detecting defects on the road surface, in the textile industry, as well as virtual restoration of archival photo images. The solution to this range of problems allows speeding up work in these areas, and in some cases, completely solving. To solve the first two problems (search for defects on the pavement and textiles), it is enough to create a mask that localizes defects in the image with maximum reliability, while photo restoration requires additional algorithms to restore the detected damaged areas. The proposed method is based on the latest achievements in the field of machine learning and allows solve the main disadvantages of traditional methods. Automatic defect detection is performed using a neural network with compound descriptor. A series of experiments confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed method in comparison with traditional methods for detecting defects

Economic and psychological aspect of legal support of probation

The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the necessity of wider implementation of sentences alternative to imprisonment. It is largely connected to the international commitments that Ukraine has made in the process of European integration. The purpose of the study is to determine the economic and psychological conditions for the functioning of the legal institution of probation. The research uses dialectical, comparative legal, systemic, Aristotelian, structural and functional methods. The research defines the concept of probation as a system of supervisory and social and educational measures for convicts who have been sentenced to a non-custodial criminal sentence. The author presents the stages of implementation of the probation institute in Ukraine and explains the essence of probation, its types and functions. The author identifies the socio-psychological advantages of such an institution and substantiates the economic feasibility of probation supervision as compared to other punishments. It is established that the introduction of this institution provides several benefits for the State, society and the offender. The author outlines the benefits for the state in terms of reducing the number of prisoners; reducing the crime rate; compliance with international standards; and economic benefits. The benefits to society are identified, which include the fair administration of justice and the protection of the community from recidivism. In addition, attention is devoted to the benefits for the offender, namely, the opportunity to change without being imprisoned, preservation of human relations, housing and work. It is substantiated that in the current circumstances, the introduction of probation supervision is a necessity conditioned upon economic expediency and the possibility of administering justice more humanely. The results of the research can be used for implementation in the area of regulation, and for writing monographs, scientific researches, dissertations, drafting abstracts, and preparing reports at scientific conferences

Problems of single-industry towns: world experience and Russian practice

The process of industrialisation in Russia was accompanied by the creation of many cities, the economy of which is associated with a certain industry. At the same time, the city is completely dependent on one or more of the same type of enterprises. Such an enterprise is called a city-forming one, since it employs 30 % of all working people in the city, and their families make up half of the urban population. The dependence of the city on the enterprise that is one of the main problems, since the state of the enterprise directly affects the economy of the entire city. The activity of the enterprise determines the unemployment rate in the city, the size of the city budget and the state of engineering networks. In the case of a crisis and the shutdown of the enterprise, the economy of a single-industry city will face huge problems. The purpose of the study was to identify the problems of the Russian single-industry towns, and review foreign methods of leveling them. The object of the study were the Russian single-industry towns defined by the Russian Government Decree No. 1398-r dated on 29.07.2014 (revised on 21.01.2020) “On Approval of the List of Monoprofile Municipal Entities of the Russian Federation (Mono-Cities)”. The main research method was comparative analysis. The main problems of single-industry towns in Russia have been formulated: infrastructure provision and monoprofile economy. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign experience in solving these problems is carried out and the directions of modernisation of Russian single-industry towns are proposed. Issues of legal support for the implementation of the proposed recommendations require further elaboration

The Effect of Geocenter Motion on Jason-2 Orbits and the Mean Sea Level

We compute a series of Jason-2 GPS and SLR/DORIS-based orbits using ITRF2005 and the std0905 standards (Lemoine et al. 2010). Our GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit data sets span a period of 2 years from cycle 3 (July 2008) to cycle 74 (July 2010). We extract the Jason-2 orbit frame translational parameters per cycle by the means of a Helmert transformation between a set of reference orbits and a set of test orbits. We compare the annual terms of these time-series to the annual terms of two different geocenter motion models where biases and trends have been removed. Subsequently, we include the annual terms of the modeled geocenter motion as a degree-1 loading displacement correction to the GPS and SLR/DORIS tracking network of the POD process. Although the annual geocenter motion correction would reflect a stationary signal in time, under ideal conditions, the whole geocenter motion is a non-stationary process that includes secular trends. Our results suggest that our GSFC Jason-2 GPS-based orbits are closely tied to the center of mass (CM) of the Earth consistent with our current force modeling, whereas GSFC's SLR/DORIS-based orbits are tied to the origin of ITRF2005, which is the center of figure (CF) for sub-secular scales. We quantify the GPS and SLR/DORIS orbit centering and how this impacts the orbit radial error over the globe, which is assimilated into mean sea level (MSL) error, from the omission of the annual term of the geocenter correction. We find that for the SLR/DORIS std0905 orbits, currently used by the oceanographic community, only the negligence of the annual term of the geocenter motion correction results in a 4.67 plus or minus 3.40 mm error in the Z-component of the orbit frame which creates 1.06 plus or minus 2.66 mm of systematic error in the MSL estimates, mainly due to the uneven distribution of the oceans between the North and South hemisphere

The Effect of Geocenter Motion on Jason-2 and Jason-1 Orbits and the Mean Sea Level

We have investigated the impact of geocenter motion on Jason-2 orbits. This was accomplished by computing a series of Jason-1, Jason-2 GPS-based and SLR/DORIS-based orbits using ITRF2008 and the IGS repro1 framework based on the most recent GSFC standards. From these orbits, we extract the Jason-2 orbit frame translational parameters per cycle by the means of a Helmert transformation between a set of reference orbits and a set of test orbits. The fitted annual and seasonal terms of these time-series are compared to two different geocenter motion models. Subsequently, we included the geocenter motion corrections in the POD process as a degree-1 loading displacement correction to the tracking network. The analysis suggested that the GSFC's Jason-2 std0905 GPS-based orbits are closely tied to the center of mass (CM) of the Earth whereas the SLR/DORIS std0905 orbits are tied to the center of figure (CF) of the ITRF2005 (Melachroinos et al., 2012). In this study we extend the investigation to the centering of the GPS constellation and the way those are tied in the Jason-1 and Jason-2 POD process. With a new set of standards, we quantify the GPS and SLR/DORIS-based orbit centering during the Jason-1 and Jason-2 inter-calibration period and how this impacts the orbit radial error over the globe, which is assimilated into mean sea level (MSL) error, from the omission of the full term of the geocenter motion correction

RTEL1 contributes to DNA replication and repair and telomere maintenance

Telomere maintenance and DNA repair are important processes that protect the genome against instability. mRtel1, an essential helicase, is a dominant factor setting telomere length in mice. In addition, mRtel1 is involved in DNA double-strand break repair. The role of mRtel1 in telomere maintenance and genome stability is poorly understood. Therefore we used mRtel1-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells to examine the function of mRtel1 in replication, DNA repair, recombination, and telomere maintenance. mRtel1-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells showed sensitivity to a range of DNA-damaging agents, highlighting its role in replication and genome maintenance. Deletion of mRtel1 increased the frequency of sister chromatid exchange events and suppressed gene replacement, demonstrating the involvement of the protein in homologous recombination. mRtel1 localized transiently at telomeres and is needed for efficient telomere replication. Of interest, in the absence of mRtel1, telomeres in embryonic stem cells appeared relatively stable in length, suggesting that mRtel1 is required to allow extension by telomerase. We propose that mRtel1 is a key protein for DNA replication, recombination, and repair and efficient elongation of telomeres by telomerase

Drought tolerance gene pool in developing adaptive varieties of durum wheat identified in study nurseries under the Kazakhstan-Siberian program

Drought during the wheat vegetative period happens often in West Siberia and Kazakhstan condition. For this reason, varieties with adaptation to climatic zones, drought tolerance and high stability have high importance. The breeding efficiency and rates depend on the amount of information on genotypes in every study cycle. The aim of this study was to screen breeding material in Siberian and Kazakhstan research institutes from KASIB nurseries for drought tolerance and to develop a drought tolerant pool. For the evaluation of genotypes, it is necessary to study them in diverse condition. The basic purpose of the present work is to study breading material of durum wheat from KASIB institutions at different ecological sites. In 2000–2015, durum wheat entries in the Kazakhstan-Siberian program were studied. Progress in durum wheat breeding was tested in Russian and Kazakhstan institutes. Entries were screened for drought tolerance, yield and yield stability. They have value for including in hybridization for developing varieties with adaptation to Siberian and Kazakhstan conditions. The following varieties and lines are recommended for breading for drought tolerance: 383-МС, 452-МС, Каrgala 303, Каrgala 447, Каrgalа 24, Каrgala 1515/06, Каrgala 1516/06, Каrgala 69, Каrgala 1538, Каrgalа 1540, Каrgalа 1539, Kargalа 1671, Каrgalа 1411 (Акtubinsk Agricultural Experimental Station), Hordeiforme 91-25-5, Hordeiforme 91-22-2, Jemthujina Sibiri, Hordeiforme 94-94-13, Hordeiforme 98-42-1, Hordeiforme 01-121-3, Hordeiforme 02-156-1 (Siberian Research Agricultural Institute), Аltin schigis, Аltin dala, Line Г1549 (Каrabalyk Experimental Station), Hordeiforme 373, Hordeiforme 627 (Altai Research Agricultural Institute), 17394, 18053, Nauriz-6 (Кazakh Research-Production Center of Agriculture and Plant Growing), Коllektivnaya 2, ТС-15 (Kurgan Research Agricultural Institute), Line 653d-4 (Sаmara Research Agricultural Institute)