Protocol for systematic review: peak bone mass pattern in different parts of the world

Copyright: © 2015 Mohammadi Z. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Peak bone mass, which can be defined as the amount of bone tissue present at the end of the skeletal maturation, and also it is an important determinant of osteoporotic fracture risk. The peak bone mass of a given part of the skeleton is directly dependent upon both its genetics and environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of the proposed research is a comprehensive systematic assessment of the pattern of peak bone mass in different countries across the globe. The present article explains the protocol for conducting such a research

Prevalence of Menopause Symptoms among Iranian Women

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the symptoms associated with menopause among women referred to menopause clinic of Tehran Women General Hospital. Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study which has been done between January 2011 and January 2012, in  menopause clinic of Tehran Women's General Hospital 134 women were studied. For each woman a questionnaire was completed. The data gained from each questionnaire were  analyzed using SPSS version 13. Results: The mean age of natural menopause onset was 47.35 (SE=0.11) year. The symptoms associated with menopause were hot flushes (59.5%), mood swing (42.6%), vaginal dryness (41.1%) sleep problems (40.4%), night sweats (38.2%), memory loss (32.3%), urinary symptoms (18.3%), palpitation (6.6%), anxiety (5.8%), Joint and muscle pain (59.9%), depression (4.4%), Irritability (3.6%).. Conclusion: This study showed that hot flushes, mood swing and vaginal dryness were the most common symptoms associated with menopause

Does Aging Increase Vitamin D Serum Level in Healthy Postmenopausal Women?

Vitamin D deficiency is the most under-diagnosed medical condition in postmenopausal women. There are few epidemiologic studies on vitamin D status of postmenopausal women in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in postmenopausal women living in Tehran, capital of Iran. In this cross sectional study, 110 women were selected via convenience sampling method from menopause clinic of Tehran Women General Hospital between 2011 and 2012. For each woman, a questionnaire was completed, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were determined by chemiluminescence's immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency has been considered as a 25(OH)D of less than 20ng/ml. Vitamin D insufficiency has been defined as a 25(OH)D of 21-29ng/ml, and sufficiency as a 25(OH)D of 30-100ng/ml. The data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation test in SPSS version 16. The mean age of women was 52.67±5 years. The mean age at natural menopause onset was 47.66±4.44 years, and the median menopause age was 49.00. The median 25(OH)D level was 19.28 (Inter Quartile Range=26.08). We found vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency 52.7% and17.3% respectively. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations were significantly correlated with age(r=0.21, P=0.024). These findings indicate that 25(OH)D level in postmenopausal women from Tehran is low. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between vitamin D concentration and age in late postmenopausal period

Association of Lipid Accumulation Product with Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women

The lipid accumulation product is a novel, safe and inexpensive index of central lipid over accumulation based on waist circumference and fasting concentration of circulating triglycerides. This study was designed to investigate the ability of lipid accumulation product to predict Cardio-metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women. In this Cross-sectional study, 264 postmenopausal women by using convenience sampling method were selected from menopause clinic in Tehran. Cardio-metabolic risk factors were measured, and lipid accumulation product (waist-58×triglycerides [nmol/L]) was calculated. Optimal cut-off point of lipid accumulation product for predicting metabolic syndrome was estimated by ROC (Receiver-operating characteristic) curve analysis. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 41.2% of subjects. Optimal cut-off point of lipid accumulation product for predicting metabolic syndrome was 47.63 (sensitivity:75%; specificity:77.9%). High lipid accumulation product increases risk of all Cardio-metabolic risk factors except overweight, high Total Cholesterol, high Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and high Fasting Blood Sugar in postmenopausal women. Our findings show that lipid accumulation product is associated with metabolic syndrome and some Cardio-metabolic risk factors Also lipid accumulation product may have been a useful tool for predicting cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome risk in postmenopausal women

Short-lasting fire in partially and completely cured epoxy coatings containing expandable graphite and halloysite nanotube additives

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A suggested prototype for assessing bone health

Background: Osteoporosis is becoming a health concern worldwide. Considering the fact that prevention, plays an important role in reducing the burden of this-silent disease and in view of the limited resources available, many countries have adopted certain programs to fight osteoporosis through shifting their attention towards at-risk individuals. The Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS) is one of these programs. The program aims to assess bone health and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in different parts of Iran with various altitudes, latitudes and lifestyle habits in a way that the results could be generalized to the country. Method: The present article presents the protocol used in the third phase of the study. It was designed based on the experiences gathered in the previous phases to overcome the shortcomings particularly subject loss. The questionnaire applied in this study was developed based on a thorough literature review of the risk factors and secondary causes of osteoporosis and was approved-by an expert panel. Results: While the majority of the existing studies aim to study a certain aspect of osteoporosis, the present protocol provides the information needed for policy makers and researchers to study different osteoporosis-related issues. Conclusion: The authors believe the protocol, to be implemented with small modifications, can help policymakers in different parts of the world, particularly developing countries, gather accurate information on different aspects of bone health at the national level