1,610 research outputs found
Perceptions of knowledge sharing among small family firm leaders: a structural equation model
Small family firms have many unique relational qualities with implications for how knowledge is passed between individuals. Extant literature posits leadership approach as important in explaining differences in knowledge-sharing climate from one firm to another. This study investigates how leadership approaches interact with family influence to inform perceptions of knowledge sharing. We utilize survey data (n = 110) from owner-managers of knowledge-intensive small family firms in Scotland. Our findings present a choice in leadership intention, contrasting organization-focused participation against family-influenced guidance. Insight is offered on the implications of this leadership choice at both organizational and familial level
Tissue memory CD4+ T cells expressing IL-7 receptor-alpha (CD127) preferentially support latent HIV-1 infection.
The primary reservoir for HIV is within memory CD4+ T cells residing within tissues, yet the features that make some of these cells more susceptible than others to infection by HIV is not well understood. Recent studies demonstrated that CCR5-tropic HIV-1 efficiently enters tissue-derived memory CD4+ T cells expressing CD127, the alpha chain of the IL7 receptor, but rarely completes the replication cycle. We now demonstrate that the inability of HIV to replicate in these CD127-expressing cells is not due to post-entry restriction by SAMHD1. Rather, relative to other memory T cell subsets, these cells are highly prone to undergoing latent infection with HIV, as revealed by the high levels of integrated HIV DNA in these cells. Host gene expression profiling revealed that CD127-expressing memory CD4+ T cells are phenotypically distinct from other tissue memory CD4+ T cells, and are defined by a quiescent state with diminished NFÎșB, NFAT, and Ox40 signaling. However, latently-infected CD127+ cells harbored unspliced HIV transcripts and stimulation of these cells with anti-CD3/CD28 reversed latency. These findings identify a novel subset of memory CD4+ T cells found in tissue and not in blood that are preferentially targeted for latent infection by HIV, and may serve as an important reservoir to target for HIV eradication efforts
Supervisor-Directed Emotional Labor as Upward Influence: An Emotions-as-Social-Information Perspective
To access organizational resources, subordinates often strive to influence supervisors' impressions. Moreover, subordinates' interactions with supervisors are known to be ripe with emotions. Nevertheless, research on upward impression management has rarely examined how subordinates' emotion regulation in supervisor interactions may shape their tangible outcomes. The present study introduces subordinates' emotional labor toward supervisors as a novel means of upward influence. Building on the emotionsâasâsocialâinformation model, we propose that supervisorâdirected emotional labor indirectly relates with supervisory reward recommendations by shaping supervisors' liking and perceived competence of subordinates. Moreover, we cast supervisors' epistemic motivation as a boundary condition for these indirect relations. We tested these notions using timeâlagged data from 377 subordinates and 91 supervisors. When supervisors' epistemic motivation was higher (but not lower), (1) supervisorâdirected surface acting related negatively with supervisors' liking and perceived competence of subordinates and (2) supervisorâdirected deep acting related positively with supervisors' liking of subordinates. Liking and perceived competence, in turn, related positively with supervisors' willingness to recommend subordinates for organizational rewards. These findings highlight supervisorâdirected emotional labor as an upward impression management strategy with both beneficial (deep acting) and detrimental (surface acting) implications, and they illustrate important mechanisms and a key contingency factor for these consequences
Leading with heart: Academic leadership during the COVID-19 crisis
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every sphere of life. It has brought into sharp focus
not only the critical role that leaders have to play in taking charge of their organisations and
employees, but the complexity of that leadership role, too. The authors of this paper are both
psychologists who occupy leadership positions in a university. The paper briefly explores the
evolution of leadership theory, leadership in times of crises, generally, and leadership during
the time of COVID-19. In addition, one of the authors offers a personal note on the leadership
experience during COVID-19. What became clear during the reflections was that empathy,
vulnerability, self-awareness and agility were some of the qualities needed during this crisis. In
addition, the psychodynamic concept of containment appears very relevant in managing the
affective intensity experienced by staff and students. Leaders were expected to not only fully
understand the meaning of empathy and compassion, but to know how to sincerely demonstrate
these qualities to staff and students alike
The Paradox of Power in CSR: A Case Study on Implementation
Purpose Although current literature assumes positive outcomes for stakeholders resulting from an increase in power associated with CSR, this research suggests that this increase can lead to conflict within organizations, resulting in almost complete inactivity on CSR.
Methods A single in-depth case study, focusing on power as an embedded concept.
Results Empirical evidence is used to demonstrate how some actors use CSR to improve their own positions within an organization. Resource dependence theory is used to highlight why this may be a more significant concern for CSR.
Conclusions Increasing power for CSR has the potential to offer actors associated with it increased personal power, and thus can attract opportunistic actors with little interest in realizing the benefits of CSR for the company and its stakeholders. Thus power can be an impediment to furthering CSR strategy and activities at the individual and organizational level
Virtual Team Leader Communication:Employee Perception and Organizational Reality
Based on a study of leader communication effectiveness conducted in a large human resource outsourcing firm, this article reports how virtual team membersâ perceptions of their leadersâ effective use of communication tools and techniques affect team performance outcomes. The study also investigates the role that trust plays in moderating the relationship between virtual team membersâ perceptions of their leadersâ effective use of communication and team performance. Analysis of 458 responses from 68 teams found a positive relationship between virtual team membersâ perceptions of leadersâ effective use of communications and team membersâ perception of their teamâs performance. The study also found that trust strengthens the relationship between perceived leader communication effectiveness and team performance results. Last, the study also revealed serious organizational alignment issues between what team members perceived to be effective leader communication, their perception of team performance outcomes, and the organizations performance measured by a balanced scorecard
The social construction of leadership studies: Representations of rigour and relevance in textbooks
Considerations of rigour and relevance rarely acknowledge students, learning or the textbooks many of the academic community use to frame education. Here we explore the construction of meaning around rigour and relevance in four leadership studies textbooks â the two most globally popular leadership textbooks and two recent additions to the field â to explore how these ideas are represented. We read the four texts narratively for structure, purpose, style and application. We further embed the analysis by considering the cultural positioning of the textbook-as-genre within leadership studies as a field more generally. This exploration of the textbook raises critical questions about rigour, relevance and the relationship constructed between them. From this, we argue for a re-commitment to the genuine âtext-bookâ written to engage students in understanding leadership as a continuing conversation between practices, theories and contexts, rather than as a repository of rigorous and/or relevant content that lays claim to represent an objective science of leadership studies
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