Synthetic RNA-protein complex shaped like an equilateral triangle.

Synthetic nanostructures consisting of biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids have been constructed using bottom-up approaches. In particular, Watson-Crick base pairing has been used to construct a variety of two- and three-dimensional DNA nanostructures. Here, we show that RNA and the ribosomal protein L7Ae can form a nanostructure shaped like an equilateral triangle that consists of three proteins bound to an RNA scaffold. The construction of the complex relies on the proteins binding to kink-turn (K-turn) motifs in the RNA, which allows the RNA to bend by ∼ 60° at three positions to form a triangle. Functional RNA-protein complexes constructed with this approach could have applications in nanomedicine and synthetic biology

Postmortem Computed Tomography Imaging in the Investigation of Nontraumatic Death in Infants and Children

Objective. To determine the accuracy of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) for the assessment of causes in nontraumatic deaths in children. Study Design. We enrolled cases of nontraumatic deaths of infants and children who underwent PMCT at a single center. The presumed cause of death determined by PMCT was prospectively compared with the clinical and pathological diagnoses of deaths. Results. Thirty-eight cases were enrolled for analysis. Among them, seven cases also underwent conventional medical autopsy. PMCT revealed an identifiable cause of death in accordance with the clinical diagnosis of death in 16 cases of the 38 cases (the concordance rate was 42%) and in accordance with the autopsy cause of death in four of the seven autopsy cases (the concordance rate was 57%). Among eight cases with unknown cause of death by clinical diagnosis, four cases (50%) were identified with cardiac tamponade as a cause of death (one case) and intracranial hemorrhage suggesting abuse (3 cases). Conclusions. PMCT seems to be a promising technique that might serve as a substitute for conventional medical autopsy and give us the complementary information to clinical diagnoses particularly in cases of child abuse. Larger multicenter trials are worthwhile to validate the general feasibility of PMCT

Nuclear architecture and chromatin dynamics revealed by atomic force microscopy in combination with biochemistry and cell biology. Pflügers Archiv 2008

Abstract The recent technical development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has made nano-biology of the nucleus an attractive and promising field. In this paper, we will review our current understanding of nuclear architecture and dynamics from the structural point of view. Especially, special emphases will be given to: (1) How to approach the nuclear architectures by means of new techniques using AFM, (2) the importance of the physical property of DNA in the construction of the higher-order structures, (3) the significance and implication of the linker and core histones and the nuclear matrix/scaffold proteins for the chromatin dynamics, (4) the nuclear proteins that contribute to the formation of the inner nuclear architecture. Spatio-temporal analyses using AFM, in combination with biochemical and cell biological approaches, will play important roles in the nano-biology of the nucleus, as most of nuclear structures and events occur in nanometer, piconewton and millisecond order. The new applications of AFM, such as recognition imaging, fast-scanning imaging, and a variety of modified cantilevers, are expected to be powerful techniques to reveal the nanostructure of the nucleus. Keywords Human . Cultured cells . Transport . Xenopus laevis . Regulation Architecture and biological significance of the nucleus: an overview The nucleus is the biggest organelle in eukaryotic cells (10-20 μm in a diameter in mammalian cells), and it packages the entire genome. It has long been thought that the nucleus is a container that holds nuclear events including gene duplication, transcription, and damage repair. Recent reports, however, have shown that the architecture of the nucleus itself plays important roles in the regulation of genome functions and structures. Namely, the nuclear architecture is closely related to the nuclear functions In eukaryotes, the genomic DNA is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope and forms chromatin inside the nucleus A well-known function of the nuclear envelope is protection of the genome from environmental damage, such Pflugers Arch -Eur J Physiol (2008) 456:139-15

Spatial Control of Proton Pump H,K-ATPase Docking at the Apical Membrane by Phosphorylation-coupled Ezrin-Syntaxin 3 Interaction

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Function of Ajudication; in Varieties of Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution.

本シンポジウム・テーマの背景と意図行政の「紛争処理機構」の多様性をめぐって民事紛争処理の多様性と訴訟機能の展望犯罪の処理をめぐって刑事法の分野から労使紛争処理における労委の役割多様化する国際紛争解決制度裁判と大衆運