Symbolic Interactionism in Grounded Theory: A Viewpoint for Explaining the Student-Educator Relationship in Clinical Nursing Education

Introduction: Although it is generally acknowledged that symbolic interactionism and grounded theory are connected, the precise nature of their connection remains implicit and unexplained in reviewed articles. Awareness of the nature of their connection can help qualitative researchers as guidance for data collection and analysis. This study was accomplished with the aim of exploration of the connection between grounded theory and symbolic interactionism. Method: The search of related articles and resources was done in databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and ProQuest and with keywords including grounded theory, symbolic interactionism, and methodology. Then the selected articles were reviewed. Results: In this study, researchers, by reviewing of related articles, have propounded the connection between methodological principles and processes of Blumer in the symbolic interactionism with grounded theory. Then, they have argued about the explanatory power of symbolic interactionism as a philosophical basis in a grounded theory study in the explanation of student-teacher relationship in clinical nursing education. Conclusion: When the grounded theory study is undertaken without a symbolic interactionism framework as an explanatory framework, the researcher describes rather than explains the data. Keywords: Symbolic interactionism, Grounded theory, Methodolog

The Effect of Self-Care Education on the Awareness, Attitude, and Adherence to Self-Care Behaviors in Hospitalized Patients Due to Heart Failure with and without Depression.

Cardiovascular diseases are among somatic disorders and psychological factors affect their onset, exacerbation, and treatment. This study was conducted on the hospitalized patients who had heart failure with and without depression. The study criteria was to evaluate the effect of self-care education on awareness, attitude, and adherence to self-care behaviors on these patients.In this quasi-experimental study, seventy patients with heart failure that met the inclusion criteria were recruited through purposive sampling method. They were assigned in to two equal size groups regarding their depression status. First, the eligible patients were selected; then Beck Depression Inventory was done on the patients followed by examination by the clinical psychologist. Patients with average and higher scores were classified in the depressed group and others who got lower than average scores were classified as the non -depressed group. A questionnaire containing items related to awareness, attitude, and adherence to self-care behaviors was used to collect the data. First, self-care behavior was determined and then a four-sessions of educational intervention were held individually for both groups. The second round of questionnaires were completed at patients' home twelve weeks after the discharge. The Collected data was analyzed using independent-samples and paired-sample t tests, Chi square, and statistical analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests through SPSS (version 21, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).After the educational sessions, the statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mean scores of awareness, attitude, and adherence to self-care behaviors between the two groups (P<0.0001).Self-care behavior education had lower effects on the depressed patients with heart failure. Therefore, before providing education for these patients, it is necessary to consider their psychological problems such as depression

Comparison the effect of Phenobarbital and sodium valproate on seizure control in children

Objectives: Acute prolonged seizure is the most common neurological emergency in children. This research was conducted to compare the effect of intravenous Phenobarbital and sodium valproate in control of seizure in children who were referred to emergency ward in 2013.Materials &amp; Methods:  In this randomized clinical trial, 80 children with prolonged seizure and with no response to one dose of diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) during the five minutes were selected. Children were randomly allocated into two groups, intervention and control through permutation blocks. In intervention group, intravenous sodium valproate (20mg/kg) and in control group, intravenous Phenobarbital (20 mg/kg) was prescribed. Data such as age, gender, history of previous seizure, seizure type and recovery time after receiving drug was recorded in the form. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Independent T- Test. Results: Two groups were the same in terms of age and gender and have no statistically significant difference, but they were different in terms of seizure type (p=0.002). In valproate group, 18 patients (45 percent) and in Phenobarbital group, 32 patients (80 percent) have positive response to the treatment and the chi-square test showed the significant difference (p=0.001). The mean of response time to drug in intervention group was 6.17±2.99 and in control group was 4.71±2.38 minutes, but this difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Results of current study showed that the sodium valproate in comparison with Phenobarbital isn’t a suitable and effective drug for controlling of seizure in childre

The Mean Scores of Pretest and Posttest of Adherence to Self-Care Behaviors in Study Groups, Based on ANCOVA Results.

<p>The Mean Scores of Pretest and Posttest of Adherence to Self-Care Behaviors in Study Groups, Based on ANCOVA Results.</p

Structure and Concept of Educational Sessions for the Patients with Heart Failure.

<p>Structure and Concept of Educational Sessions for the Patients with Heart Failure.</p

The Mean Scores of Pretest and Posttest of Attitude toward Self-Care Behaviors in Study Groups, Based on ANCOVA Results.

<p>The Mean Scores of Pretest and Posttest of Attitude toward Self-Care Behaviors in Study Groups, Based on ANCOVA Results.</p

Structure and Concept of Educational Sessions for the Patients with Heart Failure.

<p>Structure and Concept of Educational Sessions for the Patients with Heart Failure.</p