The Uli Dataset: An Exercise in Experience Led Annotation of oGBV

Online gender based violence has grown concomitantly with adoption of the internet and social media. Its effects are worse in the Global majority where many users use social media in languages other than English. The scale and volume of conversations on the internet has necessitated the need for automated detection of hate speech, and more specifically gendered abuse. There is, however, a lack of language specific and contextual data to build such automated tools. In this paper we present a dataset on gendered abuse in three languages- Hindi, Tamil and Indian English. The dataset comprises of tweets annotated along three questions pertaining to the experience of gender abuse, by experts who identify as women or a member of the LGBTQIA community in South Asia. Through this dataset we demonstrate a participatory approach to creating datasets that drive AI systems

Ganga: A subtle overview of names and glory in Sanskrit literature and the current scenario

River Ganga is the largest river in India. It represents one of the magnificent geographical features of the country. It would be incorrect to confine it to say only as a water body. Nothing can match its everlasting divinity. It has its roots in Indian culture. As the holy river originates from “Gangotri Gomukh” in the country, it speaks much more about the culture, tradition, way of living of people. Since times immemorial, India has been called as the Land of Lords. It has been said to be brought from heaven and therefore it has been always personified as Goddess Ganga. River Ganga is Mother Ganga by all means. Since history enormous literature has been written from time to time about her greatness. Indian literature is largely enriched with her praise and appreciation. The action–oriented ganga offers a wide knowledge and wisdom to the people besides providing its pious water. As it fertiles the soil along the basin, it nourishes the souls and minds. Educating us in many ways and aspects, it gives us an overview of the structure of society. It teaches us how to lead an ideal life while maintaining a calm attitude. It teaches us to fulfil our responsibilities in our work area. Mother Ganga must be viewed with the spectacles of love, respect, emotions and dedication. Therefore, to structure the education in Indian perspectives the cognitive, affective and psychomotor properties of Holy Ganges can be inherited into the education process or it must be said that we should learn from Mother Ganga to become a balanced and an all-rounder personality

Esherichia coli O157:H7 Serotypes Isolation from Children in Stool Samples

Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a recently recognized human pathogen associated with hemorrhagic colitis. This work was therefore aimed at isolating Esherichia coli O157 from human stool. A total of 100 stool samples were collected from patients with age ranging from (0-05) years, statistical analysis of the risk factors showed that only zero to five years age range of the respondents had a significant statistical difference of 0.012 (P<0.05). The presumptive Esherichia coli isolates that appeared as pink flat lactose fermenting on MacConkey Agar and green metallic sheen on Eosin Methylene Blue agar were picked and confirmed biochemically as Esherichia coli using biochemical test kit. The confirmed E. coli isolates were then cultured on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar which shows non sorbitol fermenting. Detection of E. coli O157:H7 on SMAC medium had a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 85%, and an accuracy of 86%. SMAC medium stool culture is a simple, inexpensive, rapid, and reliable means of detecting E. coli O157:H7. Although 1.39% prevalence rate of Esherichia coli O157 was obtained it is pertinent to note that, Esherichia coli O157 is becoming a public health threat because of the debilitating effects it has on humans and also due to its low infectivity dose. There is therefore, the need for more public awareness to educate our citizens on ways of improving on the unsanitary environment

<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" lang="EN-GB">Plasticity and reprogramming of differentiated ocular tissue of tadpoles of the frog, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis</i> under the influence of vitamin A</span>

23-28<span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt" lang="EN-GB">Present study has shown that differentiated cell types may loose their definitive characteristics and acquire features of another specialized cell type. Young (3 toe stage) and mature (5 toe stage) tadpoles of the frog, Euphylictis cyanophlyctis were employed as experimental animals. Experiments were completed in two phases: in the first part of experiment, lenses were extracted from right eye balls of tadpoles and treated with vitamin A; in the second part of the experiment, meshed lentectomized eye ball tissues were implanted into the pit made on mid lateral position of the tail of young and mature tadpoles and were treated with vitamin A. The results obtained gave clear evidence of plasticity and reprogramming of terminally differentiated ocular tissue into lens, retina and even complete eye. Vitamin A was found to be good model for accelerating the reprogramming of differentiated ocular tissue in anuran frog tadpoles. </span

Molecular docking, DFT analysis, and dynamics simulation of natural bioactive compounds targeting ACE2 and TMPRSS2 dual binding sites of spike protein of SARS CoV-2

© 2021 Elsevier B.V.The scientific community is continuously working to discover drug candidates against potential targets of SARS-CoV-2, but effective treatment has not been discovered yet. The virus enters the host cell through molecular interaction with its enzymatic receptors i.e., ACE2 and TMPRSS2, which, if, synergistically blocked can lead to the development of novel drug candidates. In this study, 1503 natural bioactive compounds were screened by HTVS, followed by SP and XP docking using Schrodinger Maestro software. Bio-0357 (protozide) and Bio-597 (chrysin) were selected for dynamics simulation based on synergistic binding affinity on S1 (docking score −9.642 and −8.78 kcal/mol) and S2 domains (-5.83 and −5.3 kcal/mol), and the RMSD, RMSF and Rg analyses showed stable interaction. The DFT analysis showed that the adsorption of protozide/chrysin, the band gap of protozide/chrysin-F/G reduced significantly. From SERS, results, it can be concluded that QDs nanocluster will act as a sensor for the detection of drugs. The docking study showed Bio-0357 and Bio-0597 bind to both S1 and S2 domains through stable molecular interactions, which can lead to the discovery of new drug candidates to prevent the entry of SARS-CoV-2. This in-silico study may be helpful to researchers for further in vitro experimental validation and development of new therapy for COVID-19

Association between milk and milk product consumption and anthropometric measures in adult men and women in India: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The nutritional aetiology of obesity remains unclear, especially with regard to the role of dairy products in developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether milk/milk product consumption is associated with obesity and high waist circumference among adult Indians. METHODS: Information on plain milk, tea, curd and buttermilk/lassi consumption assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire was obtained from the cross-sectional sib-pair designed Indian Migration Study (3698 men and 2659 women), conducted at four factory locations across north, central and south India. The anthropometric measures included were Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC). Mixed-effect logistic regression models were conducted to accommodate sib-pair design and adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: After controlling for potential confounders, the risk of being obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) was lower among women (OR = 0.57;95%CI:0.43-0.76;p ≤ 0.0001) and men (OR = 0.67;95%CI: 0.51-0.87;p = 0.005), and the risk of a high WC (men: >90 cm; women: >80 cm) was lower among men (OR = 0.71;95%CI:0.54-0.93;p = 0.005) and women (OR = 0.79;95%CI:0.59-1.05;p>0.05) who consume ≥1 portions of plain milk daily than those who do not consume any milk. The inverse association between daily plain milk consumption and obesity was also confirmed in sibling-pair analyses. Daily tea consumption of ≥ 1 portion was associated with obesity (OR = 1.51;95%CI:1.00-2.25;p>0.050) and high WC (OR = 1.65;95%CI:1.08-2.51;p>0.019) among men but not among women but there was no strong evidence of association of curd and buttermilk/lassi consumption with obesity and high waist circumference among both men and women. CONCLUSIONS: The independent, inverse association of daily plain milk consumption with the risk of being obese suggests that high plain milk intake may lower the risk of obesity in adult Indians. However, this is an observational finding and uncontrolled confounding cannot be excluded as an explanation for the association. Therefore, confirmatory studies are needed to clarify this relationship