Novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy (Kajian Sosiologi Sastra Dan Nilai Pendidikan)

: The purposes of research is to describes: (1) element intrinsic which was found in novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy; (2) factors behind the creation of novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy;(3) education value in novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy; and (4) reader conception in novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy. This research method was using descriptive qualitative, using the approach of literary sociology. Data sources used were document and informant. The results of this research are: 1) element intrinsic which was found in novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy: plot, theme, character, setting, point of view, message; 2) factors behind the creation of novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta by Habiburrahman El Shirazy; author wanted to show the proverbial “becik ketitik ala kethara” that truth will appear and crime will appear later; 3) education value in novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta: religion value, social value, moral value, and esthetic value; 4) In response to readers of the novel Dalam Mihrab Cinta, they generally feel carried away when reading the novel

Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Teks Eksplanasi Dengan Menggunakan Media Audiovisual Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama

: This research is intended to find out is there any improvement in learning quality process about explanation text writing material with audio visual media. It is also to discover about quality improvement on learning which is lead to student academic score increases with that media. This reserach is an action clasroom research (CAR). Questionnaire, field observation record, interview transcript and triangulation test consisted of test and interview were used to collect data analysis. Appart from teacher observation, researcher also observe the student learning. According to observation during two cycles on student resulted 67,25% at first period. The result on second period increases By the first period, student explanation text writing skill has been increased compared to pre-research. The average student explanation text score is 74,61 with 69,23% success rate. On final explanation text period the student average score is 84,42 with 88,46% success rate

Analisis Psikologi Sastra Dan Nilai Pendidikan Dalam Novel Entrok Karya Okky Madasari Serta Relevansinya Sebagai Materi Pembelajaran Sastra Di Sekolah Menengah Atas

: The purposes of this research are to :(1) describing the strructural elements of Entrok novel by Okky Madasari, (2) main character psychiatric of Entrok novel by Okky Madasari, (3) education value of Entrok novel by Okky Madasari, and (4) the relevant as literature learning material in Senior High School. The results of this study are as follows. First, the structural elements that build include: the theme of feminism, the characterizations of the main character Marni and Rahayu, groove forward, setting a place located in Magetan, Ngawi, Jogjakarta and Semarang, the standpoint of using the technique of acknowledgment and the message that was delivered was an injustice in the Orde Baru. Second, the psychological analysis of the main characters in the novel Entrok can be understood through through the theory of Sigmund Freud (id, ego and superego) are able to be influenced by factors both inside and outside factors. Third, students value contained in the novel Entrok include religious values form Rahayu religiously devout attitudes, social values that Patrialisme Marni attitudes, moral values exemplified by the attitude when helping Ndari Rahayu, and the value of history is told by recalling the Orde Baru. Fourth, the relevance of novel Entrok literature can be used as learning material in accordance with KD 15.1 and 15.2 in high school, especially in SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Karanganyar

Regulated complex assembly safeguards the fidelity of Sleeping Beauty transposition

The functional relevance of the inverted repeat structure (IR/DR) in a subgroup of the Tc1/mariner superfamily of transposons has been enigmatic. In contrast to mariner transposition, where a topological filter suppresses single-ended reactions, the IR/DR orchestrates a regulatory mechanism to enforce synapsis of the transposon ends before cleavage by the transposase occurs. This ordered assembly process shepherds primary transposase binding to the inner 12DRs (where cleavage does not occur), followed by capture of the 12DR of the other transposon end. This extra layer of regulation suppresses aberrant, potentially genotoxic recombination activities, and the mobilization of internally deleted copies in the IR/DR subgroup, including Sleeping Beauty (SB). In contrast, internally deleted sequences (MITEs) are preferred substrates of mariner transposition, and this process is associated with the emergence of Hsmar1-derived miRNA genes in the human genome. Translating IR/DR regulation to in vitro evolution yielded an SB transposon version with optimized substrate recognition (pT4). The ends of SB transposons excised by a K248A excision(+)/integration(-) transposase variant are processed by hairpin resolution, representing a link between phylogenetically, and mechanistically different recombination reactions, such as V(D)J recombination and transposition. Such variants generated by random mutation might stabilize transposon-host interactions or prepare the transposon for a horizontal transfer

RNA Interference Is Responsible for Reduction of Transgene Expression after Sleeping Beauty Transposase Mediated Somatic Integration

Integrating non-viral vectors based on transposable elements are widely used for genetically engineering mammalian cells in functional genomics and therapeutic gene transfer. For the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase system it was demonstrated that convergent transcription driven by the SB transposase inverted repeats (IRs) in eukaryotic cells occurs after somatic integration. This could lead to formation of double-stranded RNAs potentially presenting targets for the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery and subsequently resulting into silencing of the transgene. Therefore, we aimed at investigating transgene expression upon transposition under RNA interference knockdown conditions. To establish RNAi knockdown cell lines we took advantage of the P19 protein, which is derived from the tomato bushy stunt virus. P19 binds and inhibits 21 nucleotides long, small-interfering RNAs and was shown to sufficiently suppress RNAi. We found that transgene expression upon SB mediated transposition was enhanced, resulting into a 3.2-fold increased amount of colony forming units (CFU) after transposition. In contrast, if the transgene cassette is insulated from the influence of chromosomal position effects by the chicken-derived cHS4 insulating sequences or when applying the Forg Prince transposon system, that displays only negligible transcriptional activity, similar numbers of CFUs were obtained. In summary, we provide evidence for the first time that after somatic integration transposon derived transgene expression is regulated by the endogenous RNAi machinery. In the future this finding will help to further improve the molecular design of the SB transposase vector system

Modulating signaling networks by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated transposable element insertion

In a recent past, transposable elements (TEs) were referred to as selfish genetic components only capable of copying themselves with the aim of increasing the odds of being inherited. Nonetheless, TEs have been initially proposed as positive control elements acting in synergy with the host. Nowadays, it is well known that TE movement into host genome comprises an important evolutionary mechanism capable of increasing the adaptive fitness. As insights into TE functioning are increasing day to day, the manipulation of transposition has raised an interesting possibility of setting the host functions, although the lack of appropriate genome engineering tools has unpaved it. Fortunately, the emergence of genome editing technologies based on programmable nucleases, and especially the arrival of a multipurpose RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease system, has made it possible to reconsider this challenge. For such purpose, a particular type of transposons referred to as miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) has shown a series of interesting characteristics for designing functional drivers. Here, recent insights into MITE elements and versatile RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering system are given to understand how to deploy the potential of TEs for control of the host transcriptional activity.Fil: Vaschetto, Luis Maria Benjamin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Diversidad Animal I; Argentin

Regulation of mammary gland branching morphogenesis by the extracellular matrix and its remodeling enzymes.

A considerable body of research indicates that mammary gland branching morphogenesis is dependent, in part, on the extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM-receptors, such as integrins and other ECM receptors, and ECM-degrading enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). There is some evidence that these ECM cues affect one or more of the following processes: cell survival, polarity, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. Both three-dimensional culture models and genetic manipulations of the mouse mammary gland have been used to study the signaling pathways that affect these processes. However, the precise mechanisms of ECM-directed mammary morphogenesis are not well understood. Mammary morphogenesis involves epithelial 'invasion' of adipose tissue, a process akin to invasion by breast cancer cells, although the former is a highly regulated developmental process. How these morphogenic pathways are integrated in the normal gland and how they become dysregulated and subverted in the progression of breast cancer also remain largely unanswered questions

Overexpression of EVE1, a novel ubiquitin family protein, arrests inflorescence stem development in Arabidopsis

In Arabidopsis, inflorescence stem formation is a critical process in phase transition from the vegetative to the reproductive state. Although inflorescence stem development has been reported to depend on the expression of a variety of genes during floral induction and repression, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of inflorescence stem formation. By activation T-DNA tagging mutagenesis of Arabidopsis, a dominant gain-of-function mutation, eve1-D (eternally vegetative phase1-Dominant), which has lost the ability to form an inflorescence stem, was isolated. The eve1-D mutation exhibited a dome-shaped primary shoot apical meristem (SAM) in the early vegetative stage, similar to that seen in the wild-type SAM. However, the SAM in the eve1-D mutation failed to transition into an inflorescence meristem (IM) and eventually reached senescence without ever leaving the vegetative phase. The eve1-D mutation also displayed pleiotropic phenotypes, including lobed and wavy rosette leaves, short petioles, and an increased number of rosette leaves. Genetic analysis indicated that the genomic location of the EVE1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana corresponded to a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) F4C21 from chromosome IV at ∼17cM which encoded a novel ubiquitin family protein (At4g03350), consisting of a single exon. The EVE1 protein is composed of 263 amino acids, contains a 52 amino acid ubiquitin domain, and has no glycine residue related to ubiquitin activity at the C-terminus. The eve1-D mutation provides a way to study the regulatory mechanisms that control phase transition from the vegetative to the reproductive state