PRESENTING Hecke endomorphism algebras by Hasse quivers with relations

A Hecke endomorphism algebra is a natural generalisation of the $q$-Schur algebra associated with the symmetric group to a Coxeter group. For Weyl groups, B. Parshall, L. Scott and the first author \cite{DPS,DPS4} investigated the stratification structure of these algebras in order to seek applications to representations of finite groups of Lie type. In this paper we investigate the presentation problem for Hecke endomorphism algebras associated with arbitrary Coxeter groups. Our approach is to present such algebras by quivers with relations. If $R$ is the localisation of $\mathbb Z[q]$ at the polynomials with the constant term 1, the algebra can simply be defined by the so-called idempotent, sandwich and extended braid relations. As applications of this result, we first obtain a presentation of the 0-Hecke endomorphism algebra over $\mathbb{Z}$ and then develop an algorithm for presenting the Hecke endomorphism algebras over $\mathbb Z[q]$ by finding torsion relations. As examples, we determine the torsion relations required for all rank 2 groups and the symmetric group $\mathfrak{S}_4$

Molecular characterization and clinical relevance of metabolic expression subtypes in human cancers.

Metabolic reprogramming provides critical information for clinical oncology. Using molecular data of 9,125 patient samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we identified tumor subtypes in 33 cancer types based on mRNA expression patterns of seven major metabolic processes and assessed their clinical relevance. Our metabolic expression subtypes correlated extensively with clinical outcome: subtypes with upregulated carbohydrate, nucleotide, and vitamin/cofactor metabolism most consistently correlated with worse prognosis, whereas subtypes with upregulated lipid metabolism showed the opposite. Metabolic subtypes correlated with diverse somatic drivers but exhibited effects convergent on cancer hallmark pathways and were modulated by highly recurrent master regulators across cancer types. As a proof-of-concept example, we demonstrated that knockdown of SNAI1 or RUNX1—master regulators of carbohydrate metabolic subtypes-modulates metabolic activity and drug sensitivity. Our study provides a system-level view of metabolic heterogeneity within and across cancer types and identifies pathway cross-talk, suggesting related prognostic, therapeutic, and predictive utility

Position Tracking Control for Permanent Magnet Linear Motor via Continuous-Time Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control

For the position tracking control problem of permanent magnet linear motor, an improved fast continuous-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode control algorithm based on terminal sliding mode control method is proposed. Specifically, first, for the second-order model of position error dynamic system, a new continuous-time fast terminal sliding surface is introduced and an improved continuous-time fast terminal sliding mode control law is proposed. Then rigorous theoretical analysis is provided to demonstrate the finite-time stability of the closed-loop system by using the Lyapunov function. Finally, numerical simulations are given to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode control method

Model Averaging Based on Rank

In this paper, we investigate model selection and model averaging based on rank regression. Under mild conditions, we propose a focused information criterion and a frequentist model averaging estimator for the focused parameters in rank regression model. Compared to the least squares method, the new method is not only highly efficient but also robust. The large sample properties of the proposed procedure are established. The finite sample properties are investigated via extensive Monte Claro simulation study. Finally, we use the Boston Housing Price Dataset to illustrate the use of the proposed rank methods

Home country macroeconomic factors on outward cross-border mergers and acquisitions: Evidence from the UK

In this paper, we examine the dynamic effects of key macroeconomic factors on the UK crossborder mergers and acquisitions (CBM&A) outflows over the period 1987–2008. Using a seven variable vector autoregressive/vector error correction models (VAR/VECM), the study finds that a number of home country macroeconomic variables, including GDP, broad money supply, stock prices and real effective exchange rate exert a positive and significant influence in explaining the CBM&A outflows by the UK firms. However, inflation rates and interest rates tend to have a negative impact on the volume of CBM&A. The findings support the notion that home country macroeconomic factors can create advantages to improve the outward Cross-border M&A activities

Generation of High-Amylose Rice through CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of Starch Branching Enzymes

Cereals high in amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential health benefits. Previous studies using chemical mutagenesis or RNA interference have demonstrated that starch branching enzyme (SBE) plays a major role in determining the fine structure and physical properties of starch. However, it remains a challenge to control starch branching in commercial lines. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate targeted mutagenesis in SBEI and SBEIIb in rice. The frequencies of obtained homozygous or bi-allelic mutant lines with indels in SBEI and SBEIIb in T0 generation were from 26.7 to 40%. Mutations in the homozygous T0 lines stably transmitted to the T1 generation and those in the bi-allelic lines segregated in a Mendelian fashion. Transgene-free plants carrying only the frame-shifted mutagenesis were recovered in T1 generation following segregation. Whereas no obvious differences were observed between the sbeI mutants and wild type, sbeII mutants showed higher proportion of long chains presented in debranched amylopectin, significantly increased AC and RS content to as higher as 25.0% and 9.8%, respectively, and thus altered fine structure and nutritional properties of starch. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time the feasibility to create high-amylose rice through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of SBEIIb

In vitro evaluation on the antioxidant capacity of triethylchebulate, an aglycone from Terminalia chebula Retz fruit

Objectives: To evaluate the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of triethylchebulate (TCL), an aglycone isolated from the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. Materials and Methods: Microsomes, mitochondria and red blood cells (RBCs) were isolated from rat liver. The antioxidant capacities were evaluated by determining the inhibitory effects of TCL on lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced RBCs hemolysis and RBCs autoxidative hemolysis. The free-radical scavenging activities were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH 2 -DA) assay. Result: TCL significantly inhibited FeSO 4 /Cys-induced microsomes lipid peroxidation and protected both H 2 O 2- -induced RBCs hemolysis and RBCs auto-hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TCL demonstrated potent DPPH free-radical scavenging ability with IC 50 at 2.4×10 -5 M. In addition, TCL also moderately suppressed azide-induced mitochondria ROS formation. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that TCL was a strong antioxidant and free-radical scavenger, which might contribute to the anti-oxidative ability of Terminalia chebula Retz