Hydrochemical characteristics and genesis analysis of typical aquifer system in karst critical zone of Central Yunnan Plateau

The study of hydrogeochemical processes in the karst critical zone (KCZ) is of great significance for the scientific understanding of their internal evolutionary environment and structural characteristics. Karst groundwater is the main information carrier after water-rock interactions. Quantitative analysis of its hydrochemical characteristics and causes is an effective means to reveal the medium environment and hydrodynamic conditions of the aquifer system in the KCZ. In this paper, three typical karst aquifer systems in the KCZ of the central Yunnan Plateau were taken as the research objects. Through field sampling and laboratory testing of karst springs exposed by different aquifer systems, mathematical statistics analysis, hydrochemical diagram, ion ratio coefficient and hydrogeochemical simulation were comprehensively used to deeply analyze the characteristics of hydrochemical components, genesis and aquifer medium of karst groundwater in each aquifer system; the internal relationship and law between the water cycle and hydrochemistry in the key belt were discussed. The results showed that: ①HCO3- and Ca2+ were the highest and most stable ion components in regional karst groundwater, and Mg2+ was the key factor controlling the alienation of hydrochemical types in each aquifer system; ②The rock weathering and mineral dissolution of carbonate rocks were the main causes of the chemical composition characteristics of karst water in each aquifer system, and karst groundwater dissolution on the aquifer of the Huaning aquifer system was still occurring. The alternation of cation adsorption and the weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks were the main sources of Na+ and K+ in regional karst groundwater; ③The development intensity of regional karst, the exposed condition of karst aquifers and the lithology and connectivity of aquifer media jointly shaped the groundwater chemical characteristics of different aquifer systems in the KCZ of the Central Yunnan Plateau

Data from: Enhancement of apoptosis by titanium alloy internal fixations during microwave treatments for fractures: an animal study

Objective: Microwaves are used in one method of physical therapy and can increase muscle tissue temperature which is useful for improving muscle, tendon and bone injuries. In the study, we sought to determine whether titanium alloy internal fixations influence apoptosis in tissues subjected to microwave treatments at 2,450 MHz and 40 W during the healing of fractures because this issue is not yet fully understood. Methods: In this study, titanium alloy internal fixations were used to treat 3.0-mm transverse osteotomies in the middle of New Zealand rabbits’ femurs. After the operation, 30-day microwave treatments were applied to the 3.0 mm transverse osteotomies 3 days after the operation. The changes in the temperatures of the muscle tissues in front of the implants or the 3.0 mm transverse osteotomies were measured during the microwave treatments. To characterize the effects of titanium alloy internal fixations on apoptosis in the muscles after microwave treatment, we performed TUNEL assays, fluorescent real-time (quantitative) PCR, western blotting analyses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection and transmission electron microscopy examinations. Results: The temperatures were markedly increased in the animals with the titanium alloy implants. Apoptosis in the muscle cells of the implanted group was significantly more extensive than that in the non-implanted control group at different time points. Transmission electron microscopy examinations of the skeletal muscles of the implanted groups revealed muscular mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization. ROS, Bax and Hsp70 were up-regulated, and Bcl-2 was down-regulated in the implanted group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that titanium alloy internal fixations caused greater muscular tissue cell apoptosis following 2,450 MHz, 40 W microwave treatments in this rabbit femur fracture models

Data from: Carpal tunnel syndrome sssessment with ultrasonography: value of inlet-to-outlet median nerve area ratio in patients versus healthy volunteers

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Sol-gel dip-coated TiO2 nanofilms reduce heat production in titanium alloy implants produced by microwave diathermy

AbstractObjective: To verify that the TiO2 nanofilm dip-coated by sol-gel can reduce titanium alloy implants (TAI)’s heat production after microwave diathermy (MD).Methods: The effect of 40 W and 60 W MD on the titanium alloy substrate coated with TiO2 nanofilm (Experimental Group) and the titanium alloy substrate without film (Control Group) were analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Changes in the skeletal muscle around the implant were evaluated in ex vivo by histology.Results: After 20 min of MD, in vitro the temperature rise of the titanium substrate was less in the Experimental Group than in the Control Group (40 W: 1.4 °C vs. 2.6 °C, p < .01, 60 W: 2.5 °C vs. 3.7 °C, p < .01) and in vivo, the temperature rise of the muscle tissue adjacent to TAI was lower in the Experimental Group than in the Control Group (40 W: 3.29 °C vs. 4.8 °C, p < .01, 60 W: 4.16 °C vs. 6.52 °C, p < .01). Skeletal muscle thermal injury can be found in the Control Group but not in the Experimental Group.Conclusion: Sol-gel dip-coated TiO2 nanofilm can reduce the heat production of TAIs under single 40～60 W and continuous 40 W MD and protect the muscle tissue adjacent to the implants against thermal injury caused by irradiation

Enhancement of Apoptosis by Titanium Alloy Internal Fixations during Microwave Treatments for Fractures: An Animal Study.

Microwaves are used in one method of physical therapy and can increase muscle tissue temperature which is useful for improving muscle, tendon and bone injuries. In the study, we sought to determine whether titanium alloy internal fixations influence apoptosis in tissues subjected to microwave treatments at 2,450 MHz and 40 W during the healing of fractures because this issue is not yet fully understood.In this study, titanium alloy internal fixations were used to treat 3.0-mm transverse osteotomies in the middle of New Zealand rabbits' femurs. After the operation, 30-day microwave treatments were applied to the 3.0 mm transverse osteotomies 3 days after the operation. The changes in the temperatures of the muscle tissues in front of the implants or the 3.0 mm transverse osteotomies were measured during the microwave treatments. To characterize the effects of titanium alloy internal fixations on apoptosis in the muscles after microwave treatment, we performed TUNEL assays, fluorescent real-time (quantitative) PCR, western blotting analyses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection and transmission electron microscopy examinations.The temperatures were markedly increased in the animals with the titanium alloy implants. Apoptosis in the muscle cells of the implanted group was significantly more extensive than that in the non-implanted control group at different time points. Transmission electron microscopy examinations of the skeletal muscles of the implanted groups revealed muscular mitochondrial swelling, vacuolization. ROS, Bax and Hsp70 were up-regulated, and Bcl-2 was down-regulated in the implanted group.Our results suggest that titanium alloy internal fixations caused greater muscular tissue cell apoptosis following 2,450 MHz, 40 W microwave treatments in this rabbit femur fracture models

Age-dependent changes in the risk of weight gain in Chinese adults: results from the Kailuan cohort study

Objectives: Over the past decades, China has seen a dramatic epidemic of overweight and obesity. However, the optimal period for interventions to prevent overweight/obesity in adulthood remains unclear, and little is known regarding the joint effect of sociodemographic factors on weight gain. We aimed to investigate the associations of weight gain with sociodemographic factors, including age, sex, educational level, and income. Study design: This was a longitudinal cohort study. Methods: This study included 121,865 participants aged 18–74 years from the Kailuan study who attended health examinations over the period 2006–2019. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline were used to evaluate the associations of sociodemographic factors with body mass index (BMI) category transitions over two, six, and 10 years. Results: In the analysis of 10-year BMI changes, the youngest age group had the highest risks of shifting to higher BMI categories, with odds ratio of 2.42 (95% confidence interval 2.12–2.77) for a transition from underweight or normal weight to overweight or obesity and 2.85 (95% confidence interval 2.17–3.75) for a transition from overweight to obesity. Compared with baseline age, education level was less related to these changes, whereas gender and income were not significantly associated with these transitions. Restricted cubic spline analyses suggested reverse J-shaped associations of age with these transitions. Conclusions: The risk of weight gain in Chinese adults is age dependent, and clear public healthcare messaging is needed for young adults who are at the highest risk of weight gain

Transmission electron microscopy photographs of thigh muscles.

<p>B and D show that the mitochondrial swelling, partial deletion of mitochondrial crest and vacuolar changes in the implanted group. (B) Additionally, the myofilaments and myocommata are unclear. (A and C) There were no abnormal morphological changes in the non-implanted control group. Scale bars: 2 μm (A, B), 200 nm (C and D).</p

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