Resistência à insulina e síndrome metabólica em pacientes ambulatoriais com transtorno do humor bipolar

BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality from metabolic diseases. There is a paucity of data regarding insulin resistance (IR) and its relationship with the metabolic syndrome (MS) in bipolar patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of both IR and MS in BD outpatients and to assess clinical criteria associated with IR. METHOD: Cross-sectional study in 65 DSM-IV-TR BD patients consecutively assessed at the Bipolar Disorder Program at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Brazil. IR was diagnosed by the homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and MS was diagnosed using three different definitions: National Cholesterol Educational Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III); NCEP-ATP III modified criteria and International Diabetes Federation. RESULTS: IR was present in 43.1% of the sample (women 40%, men 44.4%). The prevalence of MS defined by the NCEP-ATP III criteria was 32.3%, NCEP-ATP III modified was 40% and IDF was 41.5%. NCEP-ATP III modified criteria showed the best trade-off between sensitivity (78.6%) and specificity (89.2%) to detect insulin resistance. Waist circumference was the clinical parameter most associated with IR. DISCUSSION: Current MS criteria may provide reasonable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of IR in BD patients. Abdominal obesity is closely related to IR in this patient population.CONTEXTO: O transtorno bipolar (TB) está associado a uma significativa morbi-mortalidade por causas metabólicas. Existem poucos dados sobre a prevalência de resistência à insulina (RI) e sua relação com a síndrome metabólica (SM) em pacientes com TB. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de RI e SM em pacientes bipolares ambulatoriais e identificar os parâmetros clínicos associados à RI. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal em 65 pacientes com TB diagnosticados pelos critérios do DSM-IV-TR, avaliados de forma consecutiva no Programa de Transtorno Bipolar do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil. RI foi diagnosticada utilizando o homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) e a SM foi diagnosticada utilizando três definições diferentes: do National Cholesterol Educational Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III); do NCEP-ATP III modificado e da International Diabetes Federation (IDF). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de RI foi 43,1% (mulheres 40%, homens 44,4%). A prevalência de SM definida pelo NCEP ATP III foi 32,3%, pelo NCEP ATP III foi 40% e pela IDF foi 41,5%. Os critérios do NCEP ATP III modificado demonstrou a melhor relação entre sensibilidade (78,6%) e especificidade (89,2%) na detecção de RI. A circunferência da cintura foi o parâmetro clínico mais associado à RI. CONCLUSÃO: As definições atuais de SM podem identificar, com razoável sensibilidade e especificidade, RI em pacientes com TB. A obesidade abdominal é bastante associada à RI nessa população de pacientes

Bipolar disorder and age-related functional impairment

OBJECTIVE: Although bipolar disorder is a major contributor to functional impairment worldwide, an independent impact of bipolar disorder and ageing on functioning has yet to be demonstrated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bipolar disorder on age-related functional status using matched controls as a standard. METHOD: One-hundred patients with bipolar disorder and matched controls were evaluated for disability. Age-related effects controlled for confounders were cross-sectionally evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were significantly more impaired than controls. Regression showed effects for aging in both groups. The effect, size, however, was significantly stronger in patients. CONCLUSION: Bipolar disorder was an important effect modifier of the age impact on functioning. While a longitudinal design is needed to effectively demonstrate this different impact, this study further depicts bipolar disorder as a chronic and progressively impairing illness