Three Poems

Three poem

Combined effect of electric field and surface modification on pool boiling of R-123

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The effect of surface modification and high intensity electric field (uniform and non – uniform) acting separately or in combination on pool boiling of R-123 is presented in this thesis. The effect of surface modification was investigated on saturated pool boiling of R-123 for five horizontal copper surfaces modified by different treatments, namely: an emery polished surface, a fine sandblasted surface, a rough sandblasted surface, an electron beam (EB) enhanced surface and a sintered surface. Each 40 mm diameter heating surface formed the upper face of an oxygen-free copper block, electrically heated by embedded cartridge heaters. The experiments were performed from the convective heat transfer regime to the critical heat flux, with both increasing and decreasing heat flux, at 1.01 bar, and additionally at 2 bar and 4 bar for the emery polished surface. Significant enhancement of heat transfer with increasing surface modification was demonstrated, particularly for the EB enhanced and sintered surfaces. The emery polished and sandblasted surface results are compared with nucleate boiling correlations and other published data. The effect of uniform and non-uniform electric fields on saturated pool boiling of R-123 at 1.01 bar pressure was also examined. This method of heat transfer enhancement is known as electrohydrodynamic abbreviated as EHD-enhancement. A high voltage potential was applied at the electrode located above the heating surface, which was earthed. The voltage was varied from 0 to 30 kV. The uniform electric field was provided through a 40 mm diameter circular electrode of stainless steel 304 wire mesh having an aperture of 5.1 mm, while the non-uniform electric field was obtained by using a 40 mm diameter circular rod electrode with rods 5 and 8 mm apart. The effect of uniform electric field was investigated using all five modified surfaces, i.e. emery polished, fine sandblasted, rough sandblasted, EB enhanced and sintered surfaces, while non – uniform electric field was tested using the emery polished, fine sandblasted, EB enhanced and sintered surfaces. The effect of pressure on EHD enhancement was also examined using emery polished surface at saturation pressure of 2 and 4 bars while the electric field was fix at 20 kV corresponding to 2 MV/m. Further, the bubble dynamics is presented for the emery polished surface obtained using a high-speed high – resolution camera.The Government of Pakista

Health literacy in recently migrated Pakistani women in Norway

Tidligere studier fremhever at innvandrerbefolkningen i et vertsland har behov for å kontrollere helsen sin på grunn av dårlig helsekompetanse som gjør dem sårbare. Det er også undersøkt at innvandrerkvinner lider mer enn befolkningen generelt på grunn av dårlig helsekompetanse. Formålet med studien er derfor å undersøke helsekompetanse hos de nylige innvandere pakistanske kvinnene i Norge ved å fokusere på forskningsspørsmålet, hvor effektivt de får tilgang til helsetjenester, deres erfaring med helsepersonell og tolke helseinformasjon. Et kvalitativtforskningsdesign har blitt brukt i dette prosjektet ved å gjennomføre semistrukturerte intervjuer for å få en dyptgående oppfatning av nylige migrerte pakistanske kvinner i Norge. Funn avdekket at målgruppen har problemer med å få tilgang til og tolke helseinformasjon på grunn av dårlig beherskelse av norsk språk og kommunikasjon. Funnene tyder på at det er behov for tiltak, og helsepolitikere og helsepersonell bør gi oppmerksomhet til denne sårbare gruppen.Previous studies highlight that the immigrant population in a host country has challenges to control their health due to poor health literacy which makes them vulnerable. It has also been investigated that women immigrants suffer more than the general population due to poor health literacy. So, the purpose of the study is to investigate health literacy in the recently migrated Pakistani women in Norway by focusing on the research question, how effectively they access healthcare, their experience with health providers, and interpret health information. A qualitative research design has been used in this project by conducting semi-structured interviews to get an in-depth perception of recently migrated Pakistani women in Norway. Findings revealed that the target group has difficulty accessing and interpreting health information due to poor command of the Norwegian language and communication. The findings suggest that there is a need for interventions, and health policymakers and public health providers should give attention to this vulnerable group

Primary Prostatic Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: a Case Report and Literature Review

Introduction: Primary lymphomas of the prostate are globally rare representing less than 0.1% of all prostatic neoplasms. In this paper we present a case of an early stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the prostate managed with six cycles of rituximab-based chemotherapy, and review the related literature. Case description: A 32-year-old man presented to our clinic with complaints of difficult urination and perineal pain. An enlarged, hard and nodular prostate was palpable on digital rectal examination. Needle biopsy of the prostate was performed, which revealed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by immunohistochemical studies. CT scan showed large pelvic mass arising from prostate encasing ureters with bilateral hydronephroureter.  No abnormal finding was seen on abdominal CT and bone marrow histology. Therefore, the disease was classified into the clinical stage IAXE according to Ann Arbor's criteria. The patient achieved complete response (CR) to six cycles of rituximab based combination chemotherapy, R-CHOP with CNS prophylaxis. He remained disease free, until now, 36 months after the end of chemotherapy. Practical Implications: According to the literature, the treatment and prognosis of primary lymphoma of the prostate is the same as that of other nodal lymphomas. Rituximab-based regimen should be considered in the management of prostatic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Influence of Social Exchange Relationship and Work Engagement on Creative Work Involvement: Mediation of Individual Innovative Behavior

The study probed the effect of social exchange relationship and work engagement on creative work involved with the assistance of mediation of individual innovative behavior of employees on work. Responses to a survey of 450 employees from the different service sector were used to the study hypotheses. Correlation and regression were done to see the impact of work engagement on employees’ creativity and individual innovative behavior with the assistance of social exchange relationship. This study shows the significant relation between social exchange relationship and creative work involvement. It also shows that employees should be provided with the resources so that they can perform well and also to be appreciated for their novel ideas which help the organization to progress. Individual innovative behavior also mediates connection among leader-member exchange and creative work involvement