20,637 research outputs found
The cutoff-dependence of the Casimir force within an inhomogeneous medium
We consider the ground state energy of the electromagnetic field in a piston
geometry. In the idealised case, where the piston and the walls of the chamber
are taken as perfect mirrors, the Casimir pressure on the piston is finite and
independent of the small scale physics of the media that compose the mirrors;
the Casimir-energy of the system can be regularised and is cutoff-independent.
Yet we find that, when the body of the piston is filled with an inhomogeneous
dielectric medium, the Casimir energy is cutoff-dependent, and the value of the
pressure is thus inextricably dependent on the detailed behaviour of the mirror
and the medium at large wave-vectors. This result is inconsistent with recent
proposals for regularising Casimir forces in inhomogeneous media.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure
The flow over delta wings at low speeds with leading edge separation
A low speed investigation of the flow over a 40 degree apex angle delta wing with sharp leading edges had been made in order to ascertain details of the flow in the viscous region near the leading edge of the suction surface of the wing. A physical picture of the flow was obtained from the surface flow and a smoke technique of flow visualization, combined with detailed measurements of total head, dynamic pressure, flow directions and vortex core positions in the flow above the wing
Non-Filippov dynamics arising from the smoothing of nonsmooth systems, and its robustness to noise
Switch-like behaviour in dynamical systems may be modelled by highly
nonlinear functions, such as Hill functions or sigmoid functions, or
alternatively by piecewise-smooth functions, such as step functions. Consistent
modelling requires that piecewise-smooth and smooth dynamical systems have
similar dynamics, but the conditions for such similarity are not well
understood. Here we show that by smoothing out a piecewise-smooth system one
may obtain dynamics that is inconsistent with the accepted wisdom --- so-called
Filippov dynamics --- at a discontinuity, even in the piecewise-smooth limit.
By subjecting the system to white noise, we show that these discrepancies can
be understood in terms of potential wells that allow solutions to dwell at the
discontinuity for long times. Moreover we show that spurious dynamics will
revert to Filippov dynamics, with a small degree of stochasticity, when the
noise magnitude is sufficiently large compared to the order of smoothing. We
apply the results to a model of a dry-friction oscillator, where spurious
dynamics (inconsistent with Filippov's convention or with Coulomb's model of
friction) can account for different coefficients of static and kinetic
friction, but under sufficient noise the system reverts to dynamics consistent
with Filippov's convention (and with Coulomb-like friction).Comment: submitted to: Nonlinear Dynamic
The fate of NOx emissions due to nocturnal oxidation at high latitudes: 1-D simulations and sensitivity experiments
The fate of nitrogen oxide pollution during high-latitude winter is controlled by reactions of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) and is highly affected by the competition between heterogeneous atmospheric reactions and deposition to the snowpack. MISTRA (MIcrophysical STRAtus), a 1-D photochemical model, simulated an urban pollution plume from Fairbanks, Alaska to investigate this competition of N2O5 reactions and explore sensitivity to model parameters. It was found that dry deposition of N2O5 made up a significant fraction of N2O5 loss near the snowpack, but reactions on aerosol particles dominated loss of N2O5 over the integrated atmospheric column. Sensitivity experiments found the fate of NOx emissions were most sensitive to NO emission flux, photolysis rates, and ambient temperature. The results indicate a strong sensitivity to urban area density, season and clouds, and temperature, implying a strong sensitivity of the results to urban planning and climate change. Results suggest that secondary formation of particulate (PM2.5) nitrate in the Fairbanks downtown area does not contribute significant mass to the total PM2.5 concentration, but appreciable amounts are formed downwind of downtown due to nocturnal NOx oxidation and subsequent reaction with ammonia on aerosol particles
AM baseband telemetry systems. Volume 1 - Factors affecting a common pilot system
Coherent demodulation in single and double side bands with frequency modulation telemetry system
AM-baseband telemetry systems. Volume 5 - Summary
Demodulation process for AM baseband telemetry system
Am-baseband Telemetry Systems. Volume 4 - Problems Relating to Am-baseband Systems
Distortion of amplitude modulated radio signals passing within passband of bandpass filter
Forecasting UK Industrial Production Over the Business Cycle
This paper examines the information available through leading indicators for modelling and forecasting the UK quarterly index of production (seasonally adjusted). The emphasis is on one-quarter ahead prediction, especially over the 1990s recession. Linear specifications considered are univariate autoregressive models together with dynamic single indicator and multiple indicator models. Both univariate and leading indicator versions of nonlinear Markov switching specifications are also examined. In the latter case, the transition probabilities are modelled as logistic functions of the leading indicators, allowing the lead times to differ for the expansion to expansion and recession to recession probabilities. Despite general evidence that the term structure of interest rates helps regime classification in the Markov switching models, these models perform relatively poorly in forecasting the 1990s production recession. It is suggested that this poor performance may be due to the nature of that recession, which differed from previous major UK postwar recessions in having no single quarter where industrial production declined substantially. However, a three indicator linear specification does well. The leading indicator variables in this latter model are a short-term interest rate, the stock market dividend yield and the optimism balance from the quarterly survey conducted by the Confederation of British Industry.
Stochastic Perturbations of Periodic Orbits with Sliding
Vector fields that are discontinuous on codimension-one surfaces are known as
Filippov systems and can have attracting periodic orbits involving segments
that are contained on a discontinuity surface of the vector field. In this
paper we consider the addition of small noise to a general Filippov system and
study the resulting stochastic dynamics near such a periodic orbit. Since a
straight-forward asymptotic expansion in terms of the noise amplitude is not
possible due to the presence of discontinuity surfaces, in order to
quantitatively determine the basic statistical properties of the dynamics, we
treat different parts of the periodic orbit separately. Dynamics distant from
discontinuity surfaces is analyzed by the use of a series expansion of the
transitional probability density function. Stochastically perturbed sliding
motion is analyzed through stochastic averaging methods. The influence of noise
on points at which the periodic orbit escapes a discontinuity surface is
determined by zooming into the transition point. We combine the results to
quantitatively determine the effect of noise on the oscillation time for a
three-dimensional canonical model of relay control. For some parameter values
of this model, small noise induces a significantly large reduction in the
average oscillation time. By interpreting our results geometrically, we are
able to identify four features of the relay control system that contribute to
this phenomenon.Comment: 44 pages, 9 figures, submitted to: J Nonlin. Sc
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