Optimizacija i standardizacija autohtone tehnologije pirotskog kačkavalja sa zaštitom oznake porekla

Based on results of performed investigations and analysis of existing conditions relating to technological process in production of kachkaval, we propose the following: To determine the causes of disturbed secretion in case of cows and sheep, investigate the mechanism of proteolytic activity and explain the origin (endogenous or exogenous); Goat milk should be delivered to dairies separately; control of temperature and relative humidity in departments for maturing and drying of cheese; introduction of whey and water separation; in that case, butter can be produced from separated cream. In order to successfully realize project it is also necessary to investigate location of the dairy in Dojkinci in relation to raw material status in different seasons of the year, and take certain measures for improvement of hygienic condition of milk throughout entire technological process: milking, delivering to dairies, storage, transport, etc.; obligatory introduction of basic routine milk analysis when delivered to dairies (volume, acidity, etc.); Introduction of technological log - diary for certain phases of production of kachkaval is also necessary. Finally, subsequent to standardization of entire technological process activities related to obtaining of brand name for such product with determined geographical origin are of great importance.Stara planina spada u red najpoznatijih stočarskih regiona Srbije. Tokom istorije ovom planinom su prolazila nebrojena stada ovaca i gajilo se mnogo goveda. Zahvaljujući toj činjenici, koja je rezultat izvanrednih prirodnih uslova za bavljenje stočarstvom, javili su se i postali poznati širom sveta proizvodi kao: pirotski kačkavalj, pirotsko jagnje i pirotski ćilim. Posle vekovima uspešnog stočarstva Stare planine, poslednih decenija XX veka krenuo je ne zadrživ proces stagnacije, što je praćeno ne samo smanjenjem proizvodnje i redukcijom broja seoskog stanovništa već i odumiranjem pojedinih sela. Da paradoks bude veći tražnja za proizvodima sa ovog područja pre svega kačkavalja ne prestaje i biva sve veća. Promene u pogledu privrednog razvoja naše zemlje koje su u toku osvetlile su zaboravljenu Staru planinu i pirotski kačkavalj, jer se shvatilo da Srbija može ponuditi svetskom tržištu baš te, već poznate specijalitete sa prirodno ne zagađenih područja. Da bi se to i desilo bilo je neophodno započeti projekat koji će na naučnim osnovama omogućiti sagledavanje potencijala i pokazati pravi put za aktiviranje resursa. Ovim projektom se planiraju sledeće najvažnije aktivnosti: -Utvrđivanje mogućnosti proizvodnje stočne hrane i način ishrane ovaca i goveda i predlog mera za njihovo poboljšanje. -Ispitivanje proizvodnog potencijala populacija ovaca i goveda i predlog mera za unapređenje proizvodnje mleka. -Snimanje tradicionalne tehnologije proizvodnje kačkavalja i standardizacija svih procesa od prijema mleka do zrenja sira. -Na osnovu standardizacije proizvodnje kačkavalja i ispitivanja svih važnih osobina dobiće se robna marka i prepoznatljive karakteristike novog proizvoda koji će biti uveden u sistem za dobijanje oznake geografskog porekla

Management model for increase competitiveness of rural tourist destination in the Republic of Serbia

Konkurentnost ruralnih turističkih destinacija je složen fenomen, jer podrazumeva ekonomsku, socijalnu, političku, kulturnu, tehnološku i prirodnu dimenziju. Zadatak menadžmenta ruralnih destinacija je da prati uticaje svih faktora iz okruženja i kontinuirano radi na unapređenju turističke ponude u cilju privlačenja većeg broja turista. Očuvana priroda ruralnih područja sa bogatim antropogenim nasleđem predstavlja posebnu atrakciju za ljude iz visoko urbanizovanih gradskih sredina. Kako bi ove atraktivnosti bile dostupne posetiocima, odnosno turistima koji žele da svoje slobodno vreme i odmor provedu u njima u poslednje četiri decenije intenziviran je razvoj ruralnog turizma. Ruralni turizam u velikoj meri može unaprediti ekonomski, socijalni, kulturni, politički, funkcionalni karakter ruralnih područja koja su opterećena problemima vezanim za populacionu politiku, smanjenje makroekonomskih pokazatelja, infrastrukturne probleme, itd. Razvoj ruralnog turizma zastupljen je u svim zemljama Evrope, Severnoj Americi, Rusiji, Australiji i dr. Razvoj ruralnog turizma u Srbiji u pojedinim regionima ima različite forme, karakter i intenzitet. Determinante su određene prirodno- geografskim karakteristikama područja, antropogenim nasleđem, stepenom društveno- ekonomskog razvoja, nivoom razvoja svesti lokalnog stanovništva o prednostima bavljenja ruralnim turizmom, i sl. Karakteistika razvoja ruralnog turizma je da u velikoj meri može da naruši ambijent ruralnog prostora, dok je sa druge strane sam koncept baziran na interesu turista za očuvanim prirodnim i antropogenim vrednostima seoskih sredina koje ih animiraju za posetu i boravak. Iz tog razloga koncept održivosti predstavlja osnovu za razvoj i uslov sticanja konkurentske prednosti. Polazeći od teorijskih i praktičnih aspekata razvoja ruralnog turizma u radu su analizirani faktori koji utiču na proces upravljanja ruralnim turističkim destinacijama u Srbiji sa ciljem unapređenja njihove konkurentnosti. Pored toga, na osnovu analize ograničenja koja postoje u razvoju ruralnog turizma, u radu su predložene konceptualne mere za unapređenje upravljanja ruralnim turističkim destinacijama. Hipoteze od kojih se u radu polazi odnose se na analizu uticaja kvaliteta ponude ruralnih turističkih destinacija u Srbiji na turističku tražnju, analizu međuzavisnosti između kvaliteta ponude i tražnje, ekološke očuvanosti i tražnje, konkurentnosti ruralnih destinacija i izbora turista, kao i uticaja mera državne politike i institucionalnih mehanizama na razvoj ruralnih destinacija. Na bazi rezultata empirijskog istraživanja ukazano je na aktuelne probleme u razvoju ruralnog turizma u Srbiji, sugerisani su strateški pravci razvoja i kreiran je upravljački model za povećanje konkurentnosti ruralnih turističkih destinacija u Srbiji.The competitiveness of rural tourist destinations is a complex phenomenon, because it involves economic, social, political, cultural, technological and natural dimension. Management of rural destinations has task to keep track of impacts from environment and constantly working to improve the tourism offer in order to attract more visitors/tourists. The preserved nature of rural areas with a rich anthropogenic heritage represents a special attraction for people from highly urbanized areas. To make this attraction available for visitors ie. tourists who want to spend their free time and vacations in that kind of tourist destination, in last four decades has been intensifying development of rural tourism. Rural tourism can significantly improve the economic, social, cultural, political, functional character of rural areas which are burdened by issues related to population policy, reducing macroeconomic indicators, infrastructure problems, etc. The development of rural tourism nowadays is present in all European countries, North America, Russia, Australia and others. The development of rural tourism in Serbia in certain regions has different forms, character and intensity. Determinants is specified by natural-geographical characteristics of the area, anthropogenic heritage, socio-economic development, the level of awareness of local people about the benefits which can bring implementation rural tourism, etc. Characteristic of rural tourism development is that it can jeopardise environment of rural areas in a large extent, while on the other hand, the concept is based on tourist interests for preserved natural and anthropogenic values of rural communities that animate them for visit and staying. For this reason, the concept of sustainability is the basis for development and condition for gaining competitive advantage. Starting from the theoretical and practical aspects of the development rural tourism, this paper analyzes the factors that have influence on the process of managing rural tourist destinations in Serbia with the aim of improve their competitiveness. In addition, based on the analysis of the limitations that exist in the development of rural tourism, the disertation proposed conceptual measures to improve management of rural tourist destinations. Hypothesis on which the paper is based relate to analysis of the impact of the quality of supply of rural tourism destinations in Serbia on tourism demand, analysis of interdependence between the quality of supply and demand, environmental conservation and demand, the competitiveness of rural destinations and the choice of tourists, as well as the impact of state policy measures and institutional mechanisms for the development of rural destinations. Based on the results of empirical research dissertation points to the current problems in the development of rural tourism in Serbia, suggested the strategic directions for development and created a management model to increase the competitiveness of rural tourist destinations in Serbia

Management model for increase competitiveness of rural tourist destination in the Republic of Serbia

Konkurentnost ruralnih turističkih destinacija je složen fenomen, jer podrazumeva ekonomsku, socijalnu, političku, kulturnu, tehnološku i prirodnu dimenziju. Zadatak menadžmenta ruralnih destinacija je da prati uticaje svih faktora iz okruženja i kontinuirano radi na unapređenju turističke ponude u cilju privlačenja većeg broja turista. Očuvana priroda ruralnih područja sa bogatim antropogenim nasleđem predstavlja posebnu atrakciju za ljude iz visoko urbanizovanih gradskih sredina. Kako bi ove atraktivnosti bile dostupne posetiocima, odnosno turistima koji žele da svoje slobodno vreme i odmor provedu u njima u poslednje četiri decenije intenziviran je razvoj ruralnog turizma. Ruralni turizam u velikoj meri može unaprediti ekonomski, socijalni, kulturni, politički, funkcionalni karakter ruralnih područja koja su opterećena problemima vezanim za populacionu politiku, smanjenje makroekonomskih pokazatelja, infrastrukturne probleme, itd. Razvoj ruralnog turizma zastupljen je u svim zemljama Evrope, Severnoj Americi, Rusiji, Australiji i dr. Razvoj ruralnog turizma u Srbiji u pojedinim regionima ima različite forme, karakter i intenzitet. Determinante su određene prirodno- geografskim karakteristikama područja, antropogenim nasleđem, stepenom društveno- ekonomskog razvoja, nivoom razvoja svesti lokalnog stanovništva o prednostima bavljenja ruralnim turizmom, i sl. Karakteistika razvoja ruralnog turizma je da u velikoj meri može da naruši ambijent ruralnog prostora, dok je sa druge strane sam koncept baziran na interesu turista za očuvanim prirodnim i antropogenim vrednostima seoskih sredina koje ih animiraju za posetu i boravak. Iz tog razloga koncept održivosti predstavlja osnovu za razvoj i uslov sticanja konkurentske prednosti. Polazeći od teorijskih i praktičnih aspekata razvoja ruralnog turizma u radu su analizirani faktori koji utiču na proces upravljanja ruralnim turističkim destinacijama u Srbiji sa ciljem unapređenja njihove konkurentnosti. Pored toga, na osnovu analize ograničenja koja postoje u razvoju ruralnog turizma, u radu su predložene konceptualne mere za unapređenje upravljanja ruralnim turističkim destinacijama. Hipoteze od kojih se u radu polazi odnose se na analizu uticaja kvaliteta ponude ruralnih turističkih destinacija u Srbiji na turističku tražnju, analizu međuzavisnosti između kvaliteta ponude i tražnje, ekološke očuvanosti i tražnje, konkurentnosti ruralnih destinacija i izbora turista, kao i uticaja mera državne politike i institucionalnih mehanizama na razvoj ruralnih destinacija. Na bazi rezultata empirijskog istraživanja ukazano je na aktuelne probleme u razvoju ruralnog turizma u Srbiji, sugerisani su strateški pravci razvoja i kreiran je upravljački model za povećanje konkurentnosti ruralnih turističkih destinacija u Srbiji.The competitiveness of rural tourist destinations is a complex phenomenon, because it involves economic, social, political, cultural, technological and natural dimension. Management of rural destinations has task to keep track of impacts from environment and constantly working to improve the tourism offer in order to attract more visitors/tourists. The preserved nature of rural areas with a rich anthropogenic heritage represents a special attraction for people from highly urbanized areas. To make this attraction available for visitors ie. tourists who want to spend their free time and vacations in that kind of tourist destination, in last four decades has been intensifying development of rural tourism. Rural tourism can significantly improve the economic, social, cultural, political, functional character of rural areas which are burdened by issues related to population policy, reducing macroeconomic indicators, infrastructure problems, etc. The development of rural tourism nowadays is present in all European countries, North America, Russia, Australia and others. The development of rural tourism in Serbia in certain regions has different forms, character and intensity. Determinants is specified by natural-geographical characteristics of the area, anthropogenic heritage, socio-economic development, the level of awareness of local people about the benefits which can bring implementation rural tourism, etc. Characteristic of rural tourism development is that it can jeopardise environment of rural areas in a large extent, while on the other hand, the concept is based on tourist interests for preserved natural and anthropogenic values of rural communities that animate them for visit and staying. For this reason, the concept of sustainability is the basis for development and condition for gaining competitive advantage. Starting from the theoretical and practical aspects of the development rural tourism, this paper analyzes the factors that have influence on the process of managing rural tourist destinations in Serbia with the aim of improve their competitiveness. In addition, based on the analysis of the limitations that exist in the development of rural tourism, the disertation proposed conceptual measures to improve management of rural tourist destinations. Hypothesis on which the paper is based relate to analysis of the impact of the quality of supply of rural tourism destinations in Serbia on tourism demand, analysis of interdependence between the quality of supply and demand, environmental conservation and demand, the competitiveness of rural destinations and the choice of tourists, as well as the impact of state policy measures and institutional mechanisms for the development of rural destinations. Based on the results of empirical research dissertation points to the current problems in the development of rural tourism in Serbia, suggested the strategic directions for development and created a management model to increase the competitiveness of rural tourist destinations in Serbia

Carotid Restenosis Rate After Stenting for Primary Lesions Versus Restenosis After Endarterectomy With Creation of Risk Index

Purpose: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an option for carotid restenosis (CR) treatment with favorable outcomes. However, CAS has also emerged as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the management of patients with primary carotid stenosis. This study aimed to report CR rates after CAS was performed in patients with primary lesions versus restenosis after CEA, to identify predictors of CR, and to report both neurological and overall outcomes.Materials and methods:From January 2000 to September 2018, a total of 782 patients were divided into 2 groups: The CAS (prim) group consisted of 440 patients in whom CAS was performed for primary lesions, and the CAS (res) group consisted of 342 patients with CAS due to restenosis after CEA. Indications for CAS were symptomatic stenosis/restenosis >70% and asymptomatic stenosis/restenosis >85%. A color duplex scan (CDS) of carotid arteries was performed 6 months after CAS, after 1 year, and annually afterward. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 88 months, with a mean follow-up of 34.6±18.0 months.Results:There were no differences in terms of CR rate between the patients in the CAS (prim) and CAS (res) groups (8.7% vs 7.2%, ?2=0.691, p=0.406). The overall CR rate was 7.9%, whereas significant CR (>70%) rate needing re-intervention was 5.6%, but there was no difference between patients in the CAS (prim) and CAS (res) groups (6.4% vs 4.7%, p=0.351). Six independent predictors for CR were smoking, associated previous myocardial infarction and angina pectoris, plaque morphology, spasm after CAS, the use of FilterWire or Spider Fx cerebral protection devices, and time after stenting. A carotid restenosis risk index (CRRI) was created based on these predictors and ranged from ?7 (minimal risk) to +10 (maximum risk); patients with a score >?4 were at increased risk for CR. There were no differences in terms of neurological and overall morbidity and mortality between the 2 groups.Conclusions:There was no difference in CR rate after CAS between the patients with primary stenosis and restenosis after CEA. A CRRI score >?4 is a criterion for identifying high-risk patients for post-CAS CR that should be tested in future randomized trials

Optimizacija i standardizacija autohtone tehnologije pirotskog kačkavalja sa zaštitom oznake porekla

Based on results of performed investigations and analysis of existing conditions relating to technological process in production of kachkaval, we propose the following: To determine the causes of disturbed secretion in case of cows and sheep, investigate the mechanism of proteolytic activity and explain the origin (endogenous or exogenous); Goat milk should be delivered to dairies separately; control of temperature and relative humidity in departments for maturing and drying of cheese; introduction of whey and water separation; in that case, butter can be produced from separated cream. In order to successfully realize project it is also necessary to investigate location of the dairy in Dojkinci in relation to raw material status in different seasons of the year, and take certain measures for improvement of hygienic condition of milk throughout entire technological process: milking, delivering to dairies, storage, transport, etc.; obligatory introduction of basic routine milk analysis when delivered to dairies (volume, acidity, etc.); Introduction of technological log - diary for certain phases of production of kachkaval is also necessary. Finally, subsequent to standardization of entire technological process activities related to obtaining of brand name for such product with determined geographical origin are of great importance.Stara planina spada u red najpoznatijih stočarskih regiona Srbije. Tokom istorije ovom planinom su prolazila nebrojena stada ovaca i gajilo se mnogo goveda. Zahvaljujući toj činjenici, koja je rezultat izvanrednih prirodnih uslova za bavljenje stočarstvom, javili su se i postali poznati širom sveta proizvodi kao: pirotski kačkavalj, pirotsko jagnje i pirotski ćilim. Posle vekovima uspešnog stočarstva Stare planine, poslednih decenija XX veka krenuo je ne zadrživ proces stagnacije, što je praćeno ne samo smanjenjem proizvodnje i redukcijom broja seoskog stanovništa već i odumiranjem pojedinih sela. Da paradoks bude veći tražnja za proizvodima sa ovog područja pre svega kačkavalja ne prestaje i biva sve veća. Promene u pogledu privrednog razvoja naše zemlje koje su u toku osvetlile su zaboravljenu Staru planinu i pirotski kačkavalj, jer se shvatilo da Srbija može ponuditi svetskom tržištu baš te, već poznate specijalitete sa prirodno ne zagađenih područja. Da bi se to i desilo bilo je neophodno započeti projekat koji će na naučnim osnovama omogućiti sagledavanje potencijala i pokazati pravi put za aktiviranje resursa. Ovim projektom se planiraju sledeće najvažnije aktivnosti: -Utvrđivanje mogućnosti proizvodnje stočne hrane i način ishrane ovaca i goveda i predlog mera za njihovo poboljšanje. -Ispitivanje proizvodnog potencijala populacija ovaca i goveda i predlog mera za unapređenje proizvodnje mleka. -Snimanje tradicionalne tehnologije proizvodnje kačkavalja i standardizacija svih procesa od prijema mleka do zrenja sira. -Na osnovu standardizacije proizvodnje kačkavalja i ispitivanja svih važnih osobina dobiće se robna marka i prepoznatljive karakteristike novog proizvoda koji će biti uveden u sistem za dobijanje oznake geografskog porekla

Optimizacija i standardizacija autohtone tehnologije pirotskog kačkavalja sa zaštitom oznake porekla

Based on results of performed investigations and analysis of existing conditions relating to technological process in production of kachkaval, we propose the following: To determine the causes of disturbed secretion in case of cows and sheep, investigate the mechanism of proteolytic activity and explain the origin (endogenous or exogenous); Goat milk should be delivered to dairies separately; control of temperature and relative humidity in departments for maturing and drying of cheese; introduction of whey and water separation; in that case, butter can be produced from separated cream. In order to successfully realize project it is also necessary to investigate location of the dairy in Dojkinci in relation to raw material status in different seasons of the year, and take certain measures for improvement of hygienic condition of milk throughout entire technological process: milking, delivering to dairies, storage, transport, etc.; obligatory introduction of basic routine milk analysis when delivered to dairies (volume, acidity, etc.); Introduction of technological log - diary for certain phases of production of kachkaval is also necessary. Finally, subsequent to standardization of entire technological process activities related to obtaining of brand name for such product with determined geographical origin are of great importance.Stara planina spada u red najpoznatijih stočarskih regiona Srbije. Tokom istorije ovom planinom su prolazila nebrojena stada ovaca i gajilo se mnogo goveda. Zahvaljujući toj činjenici, koja je rezultat izvanrednih prirodnih uslova za bavljenje stočarstvom, javili su se i postali poznati širom sveta proizvodi kao: pirotski kačkavalj, pirotsko jagnje i pirotski ćilim. Posle vekovima uspešnog stočarstva Stare planine, poslednih decenija XX veka krenuo je ne zadrživ proces stagnacije, što je praćeno ne samo smanjenjem proizvodnje i redukcijom broja seoskog stanovništa već i odumiranjem pojedinih sela. Da paradoks bude veći tražnja za proizvodima sa ovog područja pre svega kačkavalja ne prestaje i biva sve veća. Promene u pogledu privrednog razvoja naše zemlje koje su u toku osvetlile su zaboravljenu Staru planinu i pirotski kačkavalj, jer se shvatilo da Srbija može ponuditi svetskom tržištu baš te, već poznate specijalitete sa prirodno ne zagađenih područja. Da bi se to i desilo bilo je neophodno započeti projekat koji će na naučnim osnovama omogućiti sagledavanje potencijala i pokazati pravi put za aktiviranje resursa. Ovim projektom se planiraju sledeće najvažnije aktivnosti: -Utvrđivanje mogućnosti proizvodnje stočne hrane i način ishrane ovaca i goveda i predlog mera za njihovo poboljšanje. -Ispitivanje proizvodnog potencijala populacija ovaca i goveda i predlog mera za unapređenje proizvodnje mleka. -Snimanje tradicionalne tehnologije proizvodnje kačkavalja i standardizacija svih procesa od prijema mleka do zrenja sira. -Na osnovu standardizacije proizvodnje kačkavalja i ispitivanja svih važnih osobina dobiće se robna marka i prepoznatljive karakteristike novog proizvoda koji će biti uveden u sistem za dobijanje oznake geografskog porekla