MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFES-SIONAL SPORTS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The traditional approach used for social work research is a systemic approach that allows researchers to analyze different objects. In this re-search, these are the subjects of professional sport (like: authorities, state and municipal sports institutions, professional clubs, sports federations and other) their competence, functions and the mechanisms, instruments and means by which they have an impact on their functioning or develop-ment. Based on these problems, on the analysis of the theoretical literature, the study uses a systemic approach and the mechanisms for the develop-ment of professional sport regarded as a systemic element. The authors analyze the organizational and institutional (programmatic, administrative and regulatory, conceptual and doctrinal) as well as financial and economic mechanisms. Particular attention given to the analysis of financial support from entrepreneurs for the reconstruction and construction of sports clubs and the team’s support. The authors have proved that the most important mechanism for the development of professional sport is the legal instruments. Their adoption and application creates the conditions for the legitimate participation for different actors. Besides, the authors are convinced that, at the same time, legislation is not sufficiently developed, and this creates shadow financing schemes. The authors argue that the development of professional sport requires a financial and economic mechanism, including the attraction of private investment. However, these mechanisms not formed at the moment, like the relationship of public authority and business in a public-private partnership. There are also certain problems in the functioning of such a mechanism as the development and implementation of programmes for the development of professional sports by the subjects of Russian Federation, sports federations and sports clubsТрадиционным подходом, применяемым для исследования социальной деятельности, является системный подход, использование которого позволяет исследователям анализировать различные объекты. В настоящем исследовании это субъекты профессионального спорта (органы власти, государственные и муниципальные учреждения в сфере спорта, профессиональные клубы, спортивные федерации и другие), их компетенции, функции, а также механизмы, инструменты и средства, с помощью которых они оказывают соответствующее воздействие на функционирование или развитие. Исходя из выявленной проблемы на основе результатов анализа теоретической литературы, в исследовании применяется системный подход, а механизмы развития профессионального спорта рассматриваются как один из системных элементов. Авторы анализируют организационные и институциональные, нормативные правовые (программные, административно-распорядительные, концептуально-доктринальные), а также финансово-экономические механизмы. Особое внимание уделяют анализу финансовой поддержки, по-ступающей от предпринимателей на реконструкцию и строительство спортивных сооружений спортивных клубов и поддержку команд. Авторами доказано, что важнейшим механизмом развития профессионального спорта являются нормативные правовые акты, принятие и применение которых создает условия для легитимного участия разных субъектов в этой деятельности. Но авторы убеж-дены, что в тоже время законодательство не достаточно развито, и это порождает теневые схемы финансирования. Авторы доказывают, что для развития профессионального спорта необходим финансово-экономический механизм, в том числе привлечения частных инвестиций. Но в настоящий момент таковой механизм не сформирован, как и отношения государственной власти и бизнеса в рамках государственно-частного партнерства. Также есть определенные проблемы в функционировании такого механизма как разработка и реализация стратегий и программ развития профессионального спорта субъектами РФ, спортивными федерациями и спортивными клубами

An Inverse Method to Obtain Porosity, Fibre Diameterand Density of Fibrous Sound Absorbing Materials

Characterization of sound absorbing materials is essential to predict its acoustic behaviour. The most commonly used models to do so consider the flow resistivity, porosity, and average fibre diameter as parameters to determine the acoustic impedance and sound absorbing coefficient. Besides direct experimental techniques, numerical approaches appear to be an alternative to estimate the material's parameters. In this work an inverse numerical method to obtain some parameters of a fibrous material is presented. Using measurements of the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient and then using the model proposed by Voronina, subsequent application of basic minimization techniques allows one to obtain the porosity, average fibre diameter and density of a sound absorbing material. The numerical results agree fairly well with the experimental data.This work has been supported by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia-D.G. Investigacion (BIA2007-68098-C02-01 and BIA2007-68098-C02-02) and also from the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation through the Inter-University and Scientific Research Cooperation Program (A/023748/09).Alba Fernández, J.; Rey Tormos, RMD.; Ramis Soriano, J.; Arenas, JP. (2011). An Inverse Method to Obtain Porosity, Fibre Diameterand Density of Fibrous Sound Absorbing Materials. Archives of Acoustics. 36(3):561-574. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10168-011-0040-xS561574363Allard, J., & Champoux, Y. (1992). New empirical equations for sound propagation in rigid frame fibrous materials. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 91(6), 3346-3353. doi:10.1121/1.402824Attenborough, K. (1983). Acoustical characteristics of rigid fibrous absorbents and granular materials. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 73(3), 785-799. doi:10.1121/1.389045Bies, D. A., & Hansen, C. H. (1980). Flow resistance information for acoustical design. Applied Acoustics, 13(5), 357-391. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(80)90002-xChampoux, Y., Stinson, M. R., & Daigle, G. A. (1991). Air‐based system for the measurement of porosity. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89(2), 910-916. doi:10.1121/1.1894653Crocker, M. J., & Arenas, J. P. (s. f.). Use of Sound-Absorbing Materials. Handbook of Noise and Vibration Control, 696-713. doi:10.1002/9780470209707.ch57Delany, M. E., & Bazley, E. N. (1970). Acoustical properties of fibrous absorbent materials. Applied Acoustics, 3(2), 105-116. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(70)90031-9Dunn, I. P., & Davern, W. A. (1986). Calculation of acoustic impedance of multi-layer absorbers. Applied Acoustics, 19(5), 321-334. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(86)90044-7Fellah, Z. E. A., Berger, S., Lauriks, W., Depollier, C., Aristégui, C., & Chapelon, J.-Y. (2003). Measuring the porosity and the tortuosity of porous materials via reflected waves at oblique incidence. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 113(5), 2424-2433. doi:10.1121/1.1567275Fellah, Z. E. A., Berger, S., Lauriks, W., Depollier, C., & Fellah, M. (2003). Measuring the porosity of porous materials having a rigid frame via reflected waves: A time domain analysis with fractional derivatives. Journal of Applied Physics, 93(1), 296-303. doi:10.1063/1.1524025Fellah, Z. E. A., Berger, S., Lauriks, W., Depollier, C., Trompette, P., & Chapelon, J. Y. (2003). Ultrasonic measurement of the porosity and tortuosity of air-saturated random packings of beads. Journal of Applied Physics, 93(11), 9352-9359. doi:10.1063/1.1572191Fellah, Z. E. A., Mitri, F. G., Fellah, M., Ogam, E., & Depollier, C. (2007). Ultrasonic characterization of porous absorbing materials: Inverse problem. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 302(4-5), 746-759. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2006.12.007Garai, M., & Pompoli, F. (2005). A simple empirical model of polyester fibre materials for acoustical applications. Applied Acoustics, 66(12), 1383-1398. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2005.04.008ISO (1998), 10534-2:1998. Acoustics - determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes - Part 2: transfer-function method, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.Miki, Y. (1990). Acoustical properties of porous materials. Modifications of Delany-Bazley models. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E), 11(1), 19-24. doi:10.1250/ast.11.19Miki, Y. (1990). Acoustical properties of porous materials. Generalizations of empirical models. Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E), 11(1), 25-28. doi:10.1250/ast.11.25Ramis, J., Alba, J., Del Rey, R., Escuder, E., & Sanchís, V. J. (2010). Nuevos materiales absorbentes acústicos basados en fibra de kenaf. Materiales de Construcción, 60(299), 133-143. doi:10.3989/mc.2010.50809Shoshani, Y., & Yakubov, Y. (2000). Numerical assessment of maximal absorption coefficients for nonwoven fiberwebs. Applied Acoustics, 59(1), 77-87. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(99)00015-8Umnova, O., Attenborough, K., Shin, H.-C., & Cummings, A. (2005). Deduction of tortuosity and porosity from acoustic reflection and transmission measurements on thick samples of rigid-porous materials. Applied Acoustics, 66(6), 607-624. doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2004.02.005Voronina, N. (1994). Acoustic properties of fibrous materials. Applied Acoustics, 42(2), 165-174. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(94)90005-1Voronina, N. (1996). Improved empirical model of sound propagation through a fibrous material. Applied Acoustics, 48(2), 121-132. doi:10.1016/0003-682x(95)00055-eVoronina, N. (1998). An empirical model for elastic porous materials. Applied Acoustics, 55(1), 67-83. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(97)00098-4Voronina, N. (1999). An empirical model for rigid-frame porous materials with low porosity. Applied Acoustics, 58(3), 295-304. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(98)00076-0Voronina, N. ., & Horoshenkov, K. . (2003). A new empirical model for the acoustic properties of loose granular media. Applied Acoustics, 64(4), 415-432. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(02)00105-6Wang, X., Eisenbrey, J., Zeitz, M., & Sun, J. Q. (2004). Multi-stage regression analysis of acoustical properties of polyurethane foams. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 273(4-5), 1109-1117. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2003.09.039Wilson, D. K. (1997). Simple, relaxational models for the acoustical properties of porous media. Applied Acoustics, 50(3), 171-188. doi:10.1016/s0003-682x(96)00048-

TREATMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONTAINING SEAWATER

Sorption of cesium by inorganic sorbents from radioactive waste based on seawater was studied. Modelling statics of cesium sorption was performed. Is was shown that ferrocyanide sorbents on various supports effectively separate 137Cs from seawater

CONCENTRATION AND IMMOBILIZATION OF 137Cs FROM LIQUID RADIO ACTIVE WASTES USING SORBENT BASED ON HYDRATED TITANIUM AND ZIRCONIUM OXIDES

This article deals with sorption characteristics and chemical stability of sorbents Т-3A, Т-35 and nickel-potassium ferrocyanide based on hydrated titanium dioxide. It was shown that sorbents based on hydrated titanium and zirconium oxides can be used as matrix for concentration and immobilization of cesium radionuclides

Crystallization of racemic 4-arylsulfonyl-2(5H)-furanones: Reproducibility of homochiral associates, conditions for the spontaneous resolution of enantiomers and the formation of racemic compounds, the role of intermolecular interactions

Crystallization of three 4-arylsulfonyl-2(5H)-furanones from chloroform leads to the formation of a conglomerate of sulfone with para-tolyl substituent and racemic crystals of chloro and bromo analogs. The high degree of similarity of the crystal packings of a homochiral crystal and racemic compounds, viz., the similar type of the homochiral hydrogen-bonded chains and analogous three-dimensional homochiral layers additionally stabilized by the interactions of the type C=O.C=O and C-H.O, allowed us to suggest the presence of the second, "missing" form for each sulfone. A directed search for the "missing" forms revealed the existence of the racemic modification of sulfone with the para-tolyl fragment formed during a very slow crystallization of the compound from benzene. No conglomerates of bromo and chloro analogs were found. Topological analysis of the electron density distribution performed by quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (PBE1PBE, 6-31G(d,p)) showed the higher energy favorability of intermolecular interactions in the homochiral chains as compared to the hypothetical heterochiral associates. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Стан біохімічних систем крові білих щурів в умовах алкогольного ураження печінки та профілактичної дії метадоксину

It was developed model of alcoholic hepatitis by intragastric administration of 40 % ethanol at a dose of 7 ml/kg body weight of male Wistar rats for 7 days. As a biochemical marker of alcoholic hepatitis were used indicators of cytolytic syndrome (activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, catalase), cholestatic syndromes (alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase) and lipid exchange (levels of cholesterol, triglycerides). It was shown that metadoxine (ionic salt of pyridoxine and pyroglutamic acid), which was administered preventively intragastrically at a dose of 90 mg/kg 30 min prior to the administration of alcohol, normalized activity of aspartate aminotransferase and catalase; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; triglycerides. The lack of a positive influence of metadoxine on the other studied biochemical blood parameters indicatives that mechanisms of development of alcoholic hepatitis and course of its are different. It is assumed that the hepatoprotective effect of the drug is realized through antioxidant mechanism.Воспроизведена модель алкогольного гепатита путем внутрижелудочного введения 40% раствора этанола в дозе 7 мл/кг массы тела крыс самцов линии Вистар в течение 7 дней. В качестве биохимических маркеров алкогольного гепатита использованы показатели цитолитического синдрома (активность аланинаминотрансферазы, аспартатаминотрансферазы, каталазы), холестатического синдрома (активность щелочной фосфатазы, гамма-глутамилтранспептидазы) и липидного обмена (содержание холестерина, триглицеридов). Показано, что метадоксин (ионная соль пиридоксина и пироглутаминовой кислоты) при профилактическом введении внутрижелудочного в дозе 90 мг/кг за 30 минут до введения алкоголя нормализовал активность аспартатаминотрансферазы и каталазы; гамма-глутамилтранспептидазы; содержание триглицеридов. Отсутствие положительного влияния метадоксина на другие исследуемые биохимические показатели крови свидетельствует о различных механизмах возникновения алкогольного гепатита и его течения. Предполагается, что гепатопротекторное действие препарата опосредовано антиоксидантным механизмом.Відтворено модель алкогольного гепатиту шляхом внутрішньошлункового введення 40 % розчину етанолу в дозі 7 мл/кг маси тіла щурів-самців лінії Вістар протягом 7 днів. В якості біохімічних маркерів алкогольного гепатиту використані показники цитолітичного синдрому (активність аланінамінотрансферази, аспартатамінотрансферази, каталази), холестатичного синдрому (активність лужної фосфатази, гамма-глутамілтранспептидази) та ліпідного обміну (вміст холестерину, тригліцеридів). Показано, що метадоксин (іонна сіль піридоксину та піроглутамінової кислоти) при профілактичному введенні внутрішньошлунково в дозі 90 мг/кг за 30 хвилин до введення алкоголю нормалізував активність аспартатамінотрансферази та каталази; гамма-глутамілтранспептидази; вміст тригліцеридів. Відсутність позитивного впливу метадоксину на інші досліджувані біохімічні показники крові свідчить про різні механізми виникнення алкогольного гепатиту та його перебігу. Передбачається, що гепатозахисна дія препарату опосередкована антиоксидантним механізмом

RADIOECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF YEKATERINBURG SOILS

In this research work, radioecological monitoring of the soils of Yekaterinburg was carried out. Sampling was done in the places of influence of the East Chernobyl trace. Studies have shown the content of cesium-137 and radium-226 in soils.Хочу выразить благодарность своему научному руководителю, Анне Владимировне Ворониной, за помощь в проведённом исследовании

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION: RISK FACTORS AND RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after heart transplantation (HT). For the identification of risk factors of AKI and optimal modes of renal replacement therapy (RRT) 86 HT data was analyzed. AKI was observed in 37 cases. The main risk factors were renal failure before HT, heart transplant dysfunction and requirement in mechanical support. Continuous RRT was preferable due to the best control of patient’s volumes. The widening of indications for RRT was associated with better survival. In the cases of AKI occurrence the long-term (>10 years) prognosis was worsening significantly

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY WITH CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS AND HEART TRANSPLANTATION

Acute renal failure is one of the most frequent and life-threatening complications after cardiac surgery, which determines the outcome. The priority is the development of preventive measures and best treatments, in the first place – renal replacement therapy (RRT). To date, any medicines with proven nephroprotective properties is unknown. According to some reports, the use of prophylactic dialysis reduces the need for postoperative RRT. Continuous and intermittent methods of RRT are complementary. Early or even prophylactic use of RRT with increasing effectiveness are the current trends. However, it is unclear where is the limit of extended indications for RRT and what it`s optimal dose

Approaches of Russian oil companies to optimal capital structure

Oil companies play a vital role in Russian economy. Demand for hydrocarbon products will be increasing for the nearest decades simultaneously with the population growth and social needs. Change of raw-material orientation of Russian economy and the transition to the innovative way of the development do not exclude the development of oil industry in future. Moreover, society believes that this sector must bring the Russian economy on to the road of innovative development due to neo-industrialization. To achieve this, the government power as well as capital management of companies are required. To make their optimal capital structure, it is necessary to minimize the capital cost, decrease definite risks under existing limits, and maximize profitability. The capital structure analysis of Russian and foreign oil companies shows different approaches, reasons, as well as conditions and, consequently, equity capital and debt capital relationship and their cost, which demands the effective capital management strategy