Analysis of migration processes based on census data

The subject matter of research is the internal migration processes of the Russian population in the period from the 1960s to 2010. The research is based on the data about the territorial population flows published in the all-Union census materials of 1970, 1979, and 1989, and in the all-Russia census materials of 2002 and 2010. The basic migration flows and directions are considered. Methodologically, the analysis of migration is based on the use of end-to-end indicators enabling to assess the dynamics of migration processes over a long period. Special attention is paid to rural-urban internal migrations, the volumes, patterns and consequences of which have not been so far properly investigated or assessed. The authors offer and calculate relative indicators that have never been used to assess the processes in question. To make the census materials of the soviet and post-soviet periods comparable, the economic zoning adopted before 2000 is used, and the administrative-territorial network is unified. The authors confirm the hypothesis that from decade to decade the intensity of territorial mobility of both urban and rural population was reduced. Interregional migration flows are considered, and various tendencies and migration intensity for over four decades are de ned. The authors analyze the dynamics in the structure of migrants by the time they lived in the place of their permanent residence in various regions. The research shows that the tendencies developed at that time and persisting continue to adversely affect the territorial re-distribution of population and the regional social and economic development of the country. The research results can be used in adjusting the regional socio-economic and migration policy.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation Project № 14–02–00525

The use of morphobiological characteristics in the selection of Phacelia Tanacetifolia Benth

The aim of the work is to create new adapted varieties resistant to the complex of biotic and abiotic factors on the basis of the use of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. morphological and biological characteristic

Specific verbal representation of the time category

The article aims to describe the verbal representation of the time category as exemplified by languages with different structures. The authors consider semantic features of temporal vocabulary, namely, the semantics and functioning of temporal verbs, adjectives and adverbs in english, french and russian from the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics. The article presents the possible themed classification of these lexical units. The authors conduct their comparative analysis, highlight issues of their semantization and metaphorization, as well as analyze their roles and functions in the formation of the speaker's worldvie

Biofouling growth on plastic substrates: Experimental studies in the Black Sea

Despite long-term research on marine litter there is still insufficient knowledge about benthic organisms associated with these substrates, especially experimental studies and methodology of sampling for complex biofouling assemblages. To predict the fate of plastic in the marine environment it is necessary to know how long the macrolitter can stay in different sea matrices and what are the steps of colonisation by marine organisms. The experiments were carried out during various seasons in situ in the north-western Black Sea coastal area. Three new types of the experimental constructions intended for different durations of exposure (1–10 months) were designed. This article is the first to present the methodology and the results of complex experiments investigating marine fouling (from microalgae to meio- and macrofauna) on plastic surfaces. Overall, 28 genera of microalgae, 13 major groups of meiobenthos and 36 species of macrofauna were found on plastic during the experiments. The microalgae fouling was mainly formed by representatives of genus Cocconeis. The species composition of microalgae was common for the research area. The average density and biomass of meiobenthos were the greatest on I construction type after 8 months of exposure. In the total macrozoobenthos biomass and density of Bivalvia and Crustacea dominated, respectively. The obtained results on the interaction between fouling organisms and plastic materials in the marine environment form an important contribution to the understanding of the "good ecological status" of the sea. Additional studies based on the tested methodology could be used as a component of ecological monitoring during development and implementation of the approaches of the Marine Strategy (descriptor 10)

Main trends of functional bakery products market development

At present the problem of healthy nutrition is receiving more and more attention, therefore, functional foods that compensate for the deficiency of macro- and micronutrients, preserve and improve health, are becoming more in demand. Trends in the development of the market for functional bakery products have been analyzed. The official data of the Rosstat, EMISS, FSAEI SRICHI, information and analytical centers, legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation have been the informational basis of the research. According to the Rosstat data, the output of bakery products in 2020 amounted to 5,4 million tons, of which the share of dietary products was 1%, and the share of functional (fortified) bakery products was only 0,5%. Analysis of the market for functional bakery products showed that their production is extremely unevenly distributed across the regions of the Russian Federation. The volume of production of functional (fortified) and dietetic bakery products in the total production in the Southern Federal District is below the all-Russian level – 0,44%, while in the Krasnodar Territory it is 0,74%. Analysis of the range of functional bakery products on the Russian market shows that the largest share in the consumer market is occupied by iodized bakery products with a high content of dietary fiber, enriched with vitamins and minerals. Based on the results of the analysis of the Russian consumer market of bakery products, a reasonable conclusion has been made that the segment of functional bakery products is extremely limited, and their range does not always correspond to the modern needs of the population. It has been shown that it is relevant to expand the range of functional bakery products, the use of which will provide the human body’s need for the necessary macro- and micronutrients for an active and healthy lifestyle

Some ways of filling of the vascular bed of domestic animals

In this work the assessment of some methods of filling of the mammals blood channels is presented. As injection masses there were used the gelatine solution of 5%, painted with the ink by Borisevich V.B. technique and the solution consisting of Bustilat-M glue and the water in a proportion of 2:1. The conducted researches showed that the most successful, in terms of simplicity of execution, is filling of vessels with the solution consisting of Bustilat-M glue and water, as it allows with the little effort and with the smallest expenses to fill in both large and average vessel

Biological resources of the Fabaceae family in the Cretaceous south of Russia as a source of starting material for drought-resistance selection

The aim of this work is the study of biological resources of the genera Medicago and Trifolium species in Cretaceous South of the Central Russian Upland as the most valuable in genetic and economic term

Biological resources of natural forage grassland of the cretaceous south of the European Russia

The main objective of the made researches was assessment of territorial confinedness of economic and valuable plant species and also a status and productivity of a natural forage grassland within agrolandscapes of the cretaceous South of the European Russia (the territory of the Belgorod region). Biological and vegetable resources of the natural forage grasslands of the East part of the Belgorod region in a subband of the southern forest-steppe were studie

Dynamics and Regional Features of Labour Market Recovery During COVID-19

Ифференциация российских региональных рынков труда по уровню дисбаланса между спросом и предложением рабочей силы как по видам экономической деятельности, так и по профессионально-квалификационным группам, вызывают застойную безработицу и обнищание населения. В статье рассматриваются процессы трансформации рынка труда, региональные особенности провалов рынка и его восстанавливаемости в условиях пандемии COVID-19. По данным выборочных обследований рабочей силы Росстата определена помесячная динамика безработицы, на основе чего выявлена уязвимость и неустойчивость региональных рынков труда. Выдвинута гипотеза: чем сильнее сжатие сферы занятости и рост безработицы в период пандемии, тем длительнее процесс восстановления рынка труда; при этом наблюдается разноскоростная динамика выхода регионов из кризиса. Предложены показатели интенсивности провалов рынка труда и его восстанавливаемости. Учитывая своеобразие феномена пандемии и ее влияния на экономику и общество, поведение человека на рынке труда, используется понятие избыточной безработицы, которая определяется как разность между фактической безработицей и ее уровнем до начала пандемии. Осуществлен корреляционный анализ взаимосвязей между провалами рынка труда и его способностью к восстановлению по четырем группам регионов c различной амплитудой колебаний рынка труда. Рассчитанные коэффициенты Спирмена показали положительную связь между рассматриваемыми показателями. Выявлены особенности глубины провалов рынка труда и степени его восстанавливаемости в регионах с высоким уровнем развития инфраструктуры, привлекающих значительные контингенты внешних трудовых мигрантов. Установлена положительная связь между динамикой уровня безработицы и темпами роста числа вакансий, заявляемых работодателями в службы занятости, увеличением среднемесячной заработной платы. Данная статья отражает результаты первого этапа работы. Авторы планируют продолжить исследование в направлении расширения динамических рядов занятости и безработицы для выявления устойчивых тенденций и построения модели прогнозирования рынка труда.The imbalance between labour supply and demand, both by types of economic activity and by professional groups, differs in Russian regional labour markets, causing long-term unemployment and impoverishment of the population. The article examines the transformation of the labour market, regional characteristics of market failures and its recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on sample surveys of the labour force conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service, we determined monthly unemployment dynamics and, subsequently, the vulnerability and instability of regional labour markets. It is hypothesised that the stronger the contraction of employment and the greater the unemployment, the longer the process of labour market recovery during the pandemic; regions recover from the crisis at different speeds. Indicators of the intensity of labour market failures and its recovery are proposed. Since the pandemic is a peculiar phenomenon that affected the economy and society, human behaviour in the labour market, the concept of excessive unemployment was used (the difference between actual unemployment and its pre-pandemic level). We performed a correlation analysis of the relations between labour market failures and its recovery in four groups of regions characterised by different labour market fluctuations. The calculated Spearman’s coefficients showed a positive relationship between the indicators. The depth of labour market failures and its recovery rate in regions with developed infrastructure, attracting labour migrants, are revealed. A positive relationship was established between the unemployment dynamics and the increase in vacancy rate reported by employers to employment agencies, increase in the average monthly salary. This article presents the results of the first research stage. Further studies will expand the time series of employment and unemployment in order to identify long-term trends and build a forecasting model