Co-circulation of multiple enterovirus D68 subclades, including a novel B3 cluster, across Europe in a season of expected low prevalence, 2019/20

International audienc

Characteristics and long-term prognosis of Danish residents with a positive intrathecal antibody index test for herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus compared with individuals with a positive cerebrospinal fluid PCR: A nationwide cohort study

OBJECTIVES: We compared characteristics and outcomes of individuals who in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were positive for herpes simplex virus (HSV) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-intrathecal antibody index test ((AI)-positive) vs individuals who were PCR-positive for HSV type 1 (HSV1), type 2 (HSV2), and for varicella-zoster virus (VZV).METHODS: Nationwide cohort study of all Danish residents with positive CSF-AI or -PCR for HSV or VZV (1995-2021). We calculated short- and long-term risks as age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adjusted odds ratios (aOR), hazard ratios (aHR), and absolute risk differences with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).RESULTS: Compared with individuals with positive PCR for HSV1 (n=321), HSV2 (n=497) and VZV (n=1,054), individuals with a positive AI for HSV (n=177) and VZV (n=219) had CSF pleocytosis less frequently (leucocyte count &gt;10/μL: HSV-AI: 39%, VZV-AI: 52%, HSV1-PCR: 81%, HSV2-PCR: 92%, VZV-PCR: 83%), and were less frequently diagnosed with CNS infection ([aOR (95%CI)]: HSV-AI vs HSV1-PCR: [0.1 (0.1,0.2)], HSV-AI vs HSV2-PCR: [0.1 (0.0,0.1)], VZV-AI vs VZV-PCR: [0.2 (0.2,0.3)]). Individuals with a positive HSV-AI or VZV-AI had increased risk of demyelinating disease ([aOR (95%CI); aHR (95%CI)]: HSV-AI vs HSV1-PCR: [4.6 (0.9,24.5); aHR not applicable], HSV-AI vs HSV2-PCR: [10.4 (2.3,45.9); 12.4 (2.3,66.0)], VZV-AI vs VZV-PCR: [aOR not applicable; 10.3 (1.8,58.8)]). Disability pension was less frequent among HSV-AI than HSV1-PCR cohort members (5-year risk difference: -23.6%, 95%CI: -35.2,-11.8), and more frequent among VZV-AI than VZV-PCR cohort members (5-year risk difference: 16.8%, 95%CI: 5.0,28.7).CONCLUSIONS: AI-positive individuals differ from PCR-positive individuals in several aspects. AI appears unspecific for current CNS infections.</p

sj-docx-1-pat-10.1177_2632010X221139096 – Supplemental material for Neurological Complications in COVID-19 Patients: Can Analysis of Specific Antibodies and Viral RNA in Paired Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum be Used for Accurate Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinflammatory Disease? A Case Series

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-pat-10.1177_2632010X221139096 for Neurological Complications in COVID-19 Patients: Can Analysis of Specific Antibodies and Viral RNA in Paired Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum be Used for Accurate Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinflammatory Disease? A Case Series by Karin Holst Lauridsen, Kristine Boisen Olsen, Eva Løbner Lund, Tomas O Jensen, Thomas Ingemann Pedersen, Zitta Barrella Harboe, Valeria Antsupova, Lasse Dam Rasmussen, Dennis Röser, Jytte Banner, Kristina Træholt Franck and Veronika Vorobieva Solholm Jensen in Clinical Pathology</p

Hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children - epidemiological overview of cases reported in Europe, 1 January to 16 June 2022.

Following the report of an excess in paediatric cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology by the United Kingdom (UK) on 5 April 2022, 427 cases were reported from 20 countries in the World Health Organization European Region to the European Surveillance System TESSy from 1 January 2022 to 16 June 2022. Here, we analysed demographic, epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data available in TESSy. Of the reported cases, 77.3% were 5 years or younger and 53.5% had a positive test for adenovirus, 10.4% had a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and 10.3% were coinfected with both pathogens. Cases with adenovirus infections were significantly more likely to be admitted to intensive care or high-dependency units (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.18-3.74) and transplanted (OR = 3.36; 95% CI: 1.19-9.55) than cases with a negative test result for adenovirus, but this was no longer observed when looking at this association separately between the UK and other countries. Aetiological studies are needed to ascertain if adenovirus plays a role in this possible emergence of hepatitis cases in children and, if confirmed, the mechanisms that could be involved.S