The Short Rise and Long Fall of heterodox Economics in germany After the 1970s: Explorations in a Scientific Field of Power and Struggle.

In the context of ongoing criticisms of the lack of pluralism in economics, the present article aims to discuss the development of ‘heterodox’ economics since the 1970s. Following Lakatos’s concept of scientific research programs (srp), and concentrating on the situation in Germany, the article will discuss classifications of economics, and will specify the understanding of diversity in the light of ‘axiomatic variations’ of the economic mainstream. This will form the basis for the subsequent description of the development of heterodoxy in Germany, with special reference to the founding of new universities and the reform movements in the 1970s. It can be shown that the heterodox scene flourished in this period, but that this pluralization remained fragmented and short-lived; by the 1980s at the latest heterodoxy was again on its way to marginalization. The history of heterodoxy in Germany thus presents itself as an unequal ‘battle of the paradigms,’ and can only be told as the story of a failure

Triterpenoid Saponins from Washnut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.)—A Source of Natural Surfactants and Other Active Components

Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn., also called the washnut, is a tropical tree of the Sapindaceae family. The plant owes its name to its cleaning and washing properties used by the local population as a natural detergent. The most important ingredients of the plant are triterpenoid saponins contained in many parts of the plant, inducing fruits, galls, or roots. The tree also contains other valuable, biologically active compounds that are obtained by extraction methods. Raw or purified extract and isolated saponins are valuable plant products that can be used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. This review includes the most important biological and surfactant properties of extracts and isolated saponins obtained from various parts of the plant

Application of krypton and nitrogen isotherms to characterisation of hydrophobized fine dispersional limestone material

The knowledge about the sorptive character of porous materials is important during their manufacturing, checking their quality and exploitation. In the case of hydrophobized materials such characterisation may be useful not only for description of porous structure but also for measurement of their hydrophobization degree. Two grain fractions of fine dispersional limestone of grain diameter in accordance with the manufacturer's data (Limestone Mine Czatkowice) equals less than 80 mu m for lime meal and 100-400 mu m for lime sand were investigated. The techniques of limestone powder hydrophobization were carried out in apparatuses of own design and are described in previous works of authors (Vogt, Opaliski, Chem. Engineer. Trans. 17:1711-1716, 2009; Vogt, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 20:801-804, 2011; Vogt, Pol. J. Chem. Technol. 10:49-51, 2008; Buczek, Vogt, Polish Patent. PL 396668, 2013). All modified samples acquired the hydrophobic character but hydrophobic degree of materials was measured with the use of various techniques, therefore it was difficult to compare obtained results. It is the reason why the authors used the adsorption measurements as a method to characterize the hydrophobic properties of materials. In the adsorption measurement two gases: nitrogen and krypton were used as adsorbats. The adsorption isotherms were determined for both raw and modified by commercial modifiers (stearic acid, silicone preparation and bituminous preparation) fine dispersional limestone material. The volume of pores, specific surface area were calculated from the experimental adsorption isotherms (Rouquerol et al., Adsorption by powders and porous solids, Academic press, London, 1999; Gregg, Sing, Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, Academic Press, London, 1982). The adsorption value obtained for hydrophobized materials is generally lower than for raw materials. Obtained results enable us to make characterization of the fine dispersional limestone after the hydrophobization process. Regardless of the gas (nitrogen or krypton) used the adsorption value obtained for hydrophobized materials is in principle lower than for raw materials. However, it is more important that the mutual position of the isotherms obtained for materials modified with the use of individual modifiers is the same for both used adsorbs, krypton and nitrogen. This fact makes it possible to determine the degree of hydrophobization of the lime material modified with the use of various modifiers.Web of Science25348347

The effect of selected supercritical CO 2

The formulations of washing cosmetics i.e. shower gels, containing extracts obtained during supercritical CO2 extraction process as active ingredient, were developed. The subject of the study was the analysis of the physicochemical and user properties of the obtained products. In the work supercritical CO2 extracts of black currant seeds, strawberry seeds, hop cones and mint leafs were used. The formulation contains a mixture of surfactants (disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, cocoamide DEA, cocoamidepropyl betaine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate). Various thickener agents were applied to the obtained desired rheological properties of the cosmetics. Among others, sorbitol acetal derivatives, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer were used. For stable products, the effect of extracts addition (black currants seeds, strawberries seeds, mint and hops, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction process) on the cosmetics properties, such as pH, viscosity, detergency and foam ability, were determined. The obtained results showed that the extracts could be used as components of shower gels

The effect of selected supercritical CO2 plant extract addition on user properties of shower gels

The formulations of washing cosmetics i.e. shower gels, containing extracts obtained during supercritical CO2 extraction process as active ingredient, were developed. The subject of the study was the analysis of the physicochemical and user properties of the obtained products. In the work supercritical CO2 extracts of black currant seeds, strawberry seeds, hop cones and mint leafs were used. The formulation contains a mixture of surfactants (disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, cocoamide DEA, cocoamidepropyl betaine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate). Various thickener agents were applied to the obtained desired rheological properties of the cosmetics. Among others, sorbitol acetal derivatives, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer were used. For stable products, the effect of extracts addition (black currants seeds, strawberries seeds, mint and hops, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction process) on the cosmetics properties, such as pH, viscosity, detergency and foam ability, were determined. The obtained results showed that the extracts could be used as components of shower gels

The effect of selected supercritical CO2 plant extract addition on user properties of shower gels

The formulations of washing cosmetics i.e. shower gels, containing extracts obtained during supercritical CO2 extraction process as active ingredient, were developed. The subject of the study was the analysis of the physicochemical and user properties of the obtained products. In the work supercritical CO2 extracts of black currant seeds, strawberry seeds, hop cones and mint leafs were used. The formulation contains a mixture of surfactants (disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, cocoamide DEA, cocoamidepropyl betaine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate). Various thickener agents were applied to the obtained desired rheological properties of the cosmetics. Among others, sorbitol acetal derivatives, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer were used. For stable products, the effect of extracts addition (black currants seeds, strawberries seeds, mint and hops, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction process) on the cosmetics properties, such as pH, viscosity, detergency and foam ability, were determined. The obtained results showed that the extracts could be used as components of shower gels

Active ingredients in paint strippers

The papers presents the study on the application of acetals as active ingredients in paint strippers. The formulation was prepared and the ability to wrinkling of the shell was rated. The ability to wrinkling of the shell was rated by examining the force required to detachment the coating

Możliwości wykorzystania ekstraktów z nasion wybranych roślin z rodziny Apiaceae w ochronie roślin przed chorobami

Fungistatic activity of seed extracts from Heracleum Sosnowskyi, Levisticum officinale and Aegopodium podagraria was investigated. The extract from H. Sosnowskyi at concentrations 0.5–1.5 cm3 100 cm–3 highly inhibited the growth of fungi colonies of Fusarium culmorum and Botrytis cinerea while a seed extract from A. podagraria exhibited no fungistatic activity. The spraying of rose and bean leaves with extracts from H. Sosnowskyi and A. podagraria substantially reduced necroses caused by Botrytis cinerea. Under field conditions the extracts from H. Sosnowskyi and A. podagraria effectively decreased the infestation of azalea leaves with Microsphaera penicillata.Badano aktywność fungistatyczną ekstraktów z nasion roślin selerowatych: Heracleum Sosnowskyi, Levisticum officinale i Aegopodium podagraria. Wyciąg z H. Sosnowskyi w stężeniach 0,5-1,5 cm3 100 cm -3 silnie hamował wzrost kolonii grzybów Fusarium culmorum i Botrytis cinerea, natomiast wyciąg z nasion A. podagraria nie wykazywał aktywności fungistatycznej. Opryskanie liści róży i fasoli wyciągami H. Sosnowskyi i A. podagraria znacznie ograniczało powstawanie nekroz powodowanych przez Botrytis cinerea. W warunkach polowych wyciągi H. Sosnowskyi i A. podagraria skutecznie zmniejszały porażenie azalii wielkokwiatowej przez Microsphaera penicullata