Session 2: \u3cem\u3eThe Effect of Boom Leveling on Spray Dispersion\u3c/em\u3e

Self-propelled sprayers are commonly used in agriculture to disperse agrichemicals. These sprayers commonly have two boom wings with dozens of nozzles that disperse the chemicals. Automatic boom height systems reduce the variability of agricultural sprayer boom height, which is important to reduce uneven spray dispersion if the boom is not at the target height. A computational model was created to simulate the spray dispersion under the following conditions: a) one stationary nozzle based on the measured spray pattern from one nozzle, b) one stationary model due to an angled boom, c) superposition of multiple stationary nozzles due an angled boom, and d) superposition of multiple nozzles given the inputs of measured boom heights and the position of the sprayer over a field in time. The effect of boom leveling on spray dispersion was compared for three boom leveling systems on two sprayers (Systems A and B on a John Deere R4045, Systems B and C on an AGCO RoGator 1100C). For each boom leveling system, the measured boom height and sprayer position in time for one run was used (medium terrain course at 26 kph (16 mph)) [Burgers et al. Appl. Eng. Agric. 2021]. For each run, a coverage map was calculated with the measured boom heights and a reference level boom; the spray application error was calculated as the difference between them. The area for which the application error was less than 10% was 34.4 and 56.6% for Systems A and B on the R4045, respectively, and 45.0 and 59.3% for Systems C and B on the RoGator, respectively. This model can be used to quantify and compare coverage maps from boom leveling systems

Pedal underwater motion triggers highly-peaked resonance on water waves

Pedal wavemakers that generate surface gravity waves through bed orbital motion have been shown to produce particle-excursion patterns that mimic deep-water wave behaviour but in finite-depth channels. In this article, we report that gravity waves in a general viscous fluid can resonate through the action of pedal wavemakers. We analyse the linear response of waves in an infinite channel in terms of the displacement amplitude, frequency, and wavelength of the bottom action. We show that the system behaves as a long-pass filter in space and a high-pass filter in time with a sharp resonance affected by viscosity. Furthermore, we propose a protocol to design deep gravity waves with an on-demand wavelength in a finite-depth water channel. Our theoretical framework agrees with numerical simulations using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Our results thus quantify the performance of pedal wavemakers and provide essential formulas for industrial and computational applications of the pedal wavemaking technique, useful both in hydraulics and coastal engineering problems.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Encapsulation of gold nanostructures and oil-in-water nanocarriers in microgels with biomedical potential

Indexación: Scopus.Funding: This research was funded by FONDECYT 1161450, 1150744, 11130494 and 1170929, FONDEQUIP EQM160157, EQM170111, CONICYT-FONDAP 15130011, and CONICYT PhD Scholarship 21141137.Here we report the incorporation of gold nanostructures (nanospheres or nanorods, functionalized with carboxylate-end PEG) and curcumin oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions (CurNem) into alginate microgels using the dripping technique. While gold nanostructures are promising nanomaterials for photothermal therapy applications, CurNem possess important pharmacological activities as reported here. In this sense, we evaluated the effect of CurNem on cell viability of both cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines (AGS and HEK293T, respectively), demonstrating preferential toxicity in cancer cells and safety for the non-cancerous cells. After incorporating gold nanostructures and CurNem together into the microgels, microstructures with diameters of 220 and 540 µm were obtained. When stimulating microgels with a laser, the plasmon effect promoted a significant rise in the temperature of the medium; the temperature increase was higher for those containing gold nanorods (11–12 ◦ C) than nanospheres (1–2 ◦ C). Interestingly, the incorporation of both nanosystems in the microgels maintains the photothermal properties of the gold nanostructures unmodified and retains with high efficiency the curcumin nanocarriers. We conclude that these results will be of interest to design hydrogel formulations with therapeutic applications. © 2018 by the authors.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/5/120

Analysis of cell-biomaterial interaction through cellular bridge formation in the interface between hGMSCs and CaP bioceramics

The combination of biomaterials and stem cells for clinical applications constitute a great challenge in bone tissue engineering. Hence, cellular networks derived from cells-biomaterials crosstalk have a profound influence on cell behaviour and communication, preceding proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro cellular networks derived from human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) and calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramic interaction. Biological performance of CaP bioceramic and hGMSCs interaction was evaluated through cell adhesion and distribution, cellular proliferation, and potential osteogenic differentiation, at three different times: 5 h, 1 week and 4 weeks. Results confirmed that hGMSCs met the required MSCs criteria while displaying osteogenic differentiaton capacities. We found a significant increase of cellular numbers and proliferation levels. Also, protein and mRNA OPN expression were upregulated in cells cultured with CaP bioceramic by day 21, suggesting an osteoinductible effect of the CaP bioceramic on hGMSCs. Remarkably, CaP bioceramic aggregations were obtained through hGMSCs bridges, suggesting the in vitro potential of macrostructures formation. We conclude that hGMSCs and CaP bioceramics with micro and macropores support hGMSC adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Our results suggest that investigations focused on the interface cells-biomaterials are essential for bone tissue regenerative therapies

Proteomic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis

Biomarkers provide a powerful approach to understanding the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. They have application in screening, diagnostic, prognostication, prediction of recurrences and monitoring of therapy. The “omics” tool are becoming very useful in the development of new biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Among them, proteomics is especially fitted to look for new proteins in health and disease and is playing a significant role in the development of new diagnostic tools in cardiovascular diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides an overview of progress in applying proteomics to atherosclerosis. First, we describe novel proteins identified analysing atherosclerotic plaques directly. Careful analysis of proteins within the atherosclerotic vascular tissue can provide a repertoire of proteins involved in vascular remodelling and atherogenesis. Second, we discuss recent data concerning proteins secreted by atherosclerotic plaques. The definition of the atheroma plaque secretome resides in that proteins secreted by arteries can be very good candidates of novel biomarkers. Finally we describe proteins that have been differentially expressed (versus controls) by individual cells which constitute atheroma plaques (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and foam cells) as well as by circulating cells (monocytes, platelets) or novel biomarkers present in plasma

Ullucus tuberosus Caldas: colección de germoplasma de ullucu conservada en el Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP).

El presente catálogo contiene información pasaporte, datos de caracterización morfológica y ploidía para 432 accesiones de ulluco mantenidas en el banco de germoplasma del CIP. Para ilustrar mejor los datos de caracterización morfológica, cada accesión está acompañada de un set de fotografías que incluye la parte aérea de la planta, los tubérculos, las flores y una muestra lista para herborizar conformada por un tallo con sus hojas y flores. La información pasaporte es complementada con mapas ilustrados que muestran el lugar de colecta de cada accesión

Resonant Magnetic Vortices

By using the complex angular momentum method, we provide a semiclassical analysis of electron scattering by a magnetic vortex of Aharonov-Bohm-type. Regge poles of the $S$-matrix are associated with surface waves orbiting around the vortex and supported by a magnetic field discontinuity. Rapid variations of sharp characteristic shapes can be observed on scattering cross sections. They correspond to quasibound states which are Breit-Wigner-type resonances associated with surface waves and which can be considered as quantum analogues of acoustic whispering-gallery modes. Such a resonant magnetic vortex could provide a new kind of artificial atom while the semiclassical approach developed here could be profitably extended in various areas of the physics of vortices.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure

Development of a protocol for a rat spinal cord proteome

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