O autocuidado da pessoa institucionalizada: estudo exploratório em lares do grande Porto

A institucionalização é cada vez mais perspetivada como uma solução para as pessoas com dependência e que não possuem alguém disponível para a supressão das suas necessidades em cuidados. Todavia, a solução possível torna-se por vezes contraproducente, levando á passividade e progressão dos problemas que levaram à institucionalização. O autocuidado tem significativo impacte na saúde dos idosos e a ameaça à sua realização pode advir de várias situações que se demonstram pertinentes para a Enfermagem. Esta investigação decorreu no Lar Rainha D. Beatriz e Lar Monte dos Burgos, ambos no concelho do Porto, com o intuito de caracterizar os clientes institucionalizados quanto ao tipo e nível de dependência e perfil de autocuidado; inscreve-se no paradigma quantitativo e tem uma abordagem do tipo não experimental descritivo e exploratório. Foi utilizada uma amostra não probabilística de conveniência, constituída por 186 indivíduos. Relativamente ao nível e tipo de dependência, 17,7% dos clientes são completamente independente e 13,4% completamente dependente, nos diferentes domínios do autocuidado. Os autocuidados com maior número de dependentes são o autocuidado tomar banho, vestir-se/despir-se e arranjar-se; por outro lado, os autocuidados com menor dependência abrangem o autocuidado cuidar da higiene pessoal, alimentar-se e usar o sanitário; os dados foram obtidos através do instrumento “Nível de dependência do Autocuidado” desenvolvido por um grupo de professores da ESEP. Para o estudo da atitude face ao autocuidado adotada pelos participantes (perfil de autocuidado) foi utilizado o instrumento “Perfil de Autocuidado” desenvolvido por Räsäsen, Kyngas e Backman, em 2007. Neste caso particular, a leitura dos dados deve ser realizada com cautela, atendendo ao resultado estatístico Alfa de Cronbach (0,46). O perfil de autocuidado que predomina é o perfil “Indefinido” (70,9%). Dos restantes clientes foi possível identificar o perfil de autocuidado formalmente guiado em 16,2% destes. No geral, o perfil de autocuidado responsável associa-se ao sexo feminino, presença de formação e menor dependência, enquanto o perfil de autocuidado de abandono relaciona-se com o sexo feminino, ausência ou menor formação e maior dependência

Comparação de Valores de Fadiga em Saltos Verticais Entre Mulheres Adultas e Estudantes Pré-Púberes de uma Escola Pública

The objective of the study was to compare values of fatigue in vertical jumps between adult women and prepubescent students of a public school. Muscle fatigue was analyzed through the power of lower limbs by the protocol of vertical jumps of 30 seconds. 16 adult women and 14 students participated. For the comparison of groups and variables related to jumps, the t test for independent samples was used, with a level of 5% for all tests. The values of height of jumps and power of lower limbs are affected by the establishment of fatigue evaluated by the test in both groups.El objetivo del estudio fue comparar valores de fatiga en saltos verticales entre mujeres adultas y estudiantes prepúberes de una escuela pública. La fatiga muscular fue analizada a través de la potencia de miembros inferiores, por el protocolo de saltos verticales de 30 segundos. Participaron 16 mujeres adultas y 14 estudiantes. Para la comparación de los grupos y las variables relacionadas con los saltos, se utilizó la prueba t para muestras independientes, con un nivel del 5% para todas las pruebas. Los valores de altura de saltos y potencia de miembros inferiores se ven afectados por la instauración de la fatiga evaluados por la prueba en ambos grupos.O objetivo do estudo foi comparar valores de fadiga em saltos verticais entre mulheres adultas e estudantes pré-púberes de uma escola pública. A fadiga muscular foi analisada através da potência de membros inferiores, pelo protocolo de saltos verticais de 30 segundos. Participaram 16 mulheres adultas e 14 estudantes. Para a comparação dos grupos e as variáveis relacionadas aos saltos, foi utilizado o teste t para amostras independentes, com nível 5% para todos os testes. Os valores de altura de saltos e potência de membros inferiores são afetados pela instauração da fadiga avaliados pelo teste em ambos os grupos

Polymorphisms in the MBL2 gene are associated with the plasma levels of MBL and the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in severe COVID-19

IntroductionMannose-binding lectin (MBL) promotes opsonization, favoring phagocytosis and activation of the complement system in response to different microorganisms, and may influence the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the association of MBL2 gene polymorphisms with the plasma levels of MBL and inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19.MethodsBlood samples from 385 individuals (208 with acute COVID-19 and 117 post-COVID-19) were subjected to real-time PCR genotyping. Plasma measurements of MBL and cytokines were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsThe frequencies of the polymorphic MBL2 genotype (OO) and allele (O) were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 (p< 0.05). The polymorphic genotypes (AO and OO) were associated with lower MBL levels (p< 0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in patients with low MBL and severe COVID-19 (p< 0.05). No association of polymorphisms, MBL levels, or cytokine levels with long COVID was observed.DiscussionThe results suggest that, besides MBL2 polymorphisms promoting a reduction in MBL levels and therefore in its function, they may also contribute to the development of a more intense inflammatory process responsible for the severity of COVID-19

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITIONAL OF HOMELESS PERSONS: SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL

Our objective is to identify, gather and synthesize studies on the Food and Nutrition Security of the homeless population, through a scoping review

Influence of grooming on Rhipicephalus microplus tick infestation and serum cortisol rates

Grooming is an important factor on animal resistance to ticks. Rhipicephalus microplus is the most pathogenic cattle tick in Brazil causing death in susceptible animals. Cortisol is the hormone of stress. The influence of grooming on tick infestation and serum cortisol level was studied in 16 Holstein heifers from fifth to eight-month-old. They were infested with 10,000 larvae in June/20/2011. Half of them used a necklace made of wood strips and had an infestation chamber made by cotton cloth covering about 50 cm diameter of the shaved flank, fixed at the skin in both sides with adhesive to prevent larvae to escape from the infestation chamber and the amount of larvae was divided into the two chambers. Such artifacts had the purpose to avoid grooming. The heifers remained all the tick parasitic life cycle in individual pens inside a closed shed at Instituto de Zootecnia, in Nova Odessa, São Paulo State. Tick females bigger than 4.5 mm were counted in the right side from day 20 to 22 after the artificial infestation. The tick recovery rate was calculated by adding and multiplying by two the number of ticks counted, assuming that 5,000 female larvae had infested the cattle. Immediately before infestation (day 0) and in day2, day8, and day17 after infestation, blood samples were collected using vacuum tubes, in the morning (8:30 – 10:00 A.M.). Cortisol was measured by immunoassay (EIA) and the D.O. (optical density) at 420 nm was converted in ng of cortisol/mL of serum sample. The experimental design was randomized with 8 replications. Data from serum cortisol were analyzed using the General linear models of the SPSS® statistical package (version 12.0) using the presence of the artifacts (necklace and chamber) and sampling day as independent variables and serum cortisol as the dependent variable. In the analyse of tick recovery rate, the presence of artifacts was the independent variable and tick recovery rate the dependent variable. The presence of chamber and necklace did not affect the cortisol level, although they had prevented grooming. Consequently, animals with the artifacts had more ticks than the ones with no artifacts (34.56% versus 14.9% tick recovery rate, P&lt; 0.05). The last blood sample collection had revealed an increase on the cortisol level, coinciding with the final parasitic life cycle of R. microplus (Table 1). No significant correlation were detected between cortisol levels and the tick recovery rate. Grooming is important to decrease the cattle tick infestation, but its limitation presented in this study, did not elevate the serum cortisol level, related to animal stress

Influência da autolimpeza na infestação pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus e níveis de cortisol sérico

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português

Influência da autolimpeza na infestação pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus e níveis de cortisol sérico

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português