Smart toys designed for detecting developmental delays

In this paper,we describe the design considerations and implementation of a smart toy system,a technology for supporting the automatic recording and analysis for detecting developmental delays recognition when children play using the smart toy. To achieve this goal,we take advantage of the current commercial sensor features (reliability,low consumption,easy integration,etc.) to develop a series of sensor-based low-cost devices. Specifically,our prototype system consists of a tower of cubes augmented with wireless sensing capabilities and a mobile computing platform that collect the information sent from the cubes allowing the later analysis by childhood development professionals in order to verify a normal behaviour or to detect a potential disorder. This paper presents the requirements of the toy and discusses our choices in toy design,technology used,selected sensors,process to gather data from the sensors and generate information that will help in the decision-making and communication of the information to the collector system. In addition,we also describe the play activities the system supportsAuthors would like to thank the National Programme for Research, Development and Innovation, oriented to Societal Challenges, of the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness that supported the results of this paper through EDUCERE project (TIN2013-47803-C2-2-R), and to Universidad de Alcala that supported them through EDUSENS project (CCG2014/EXP-008

3D Visual Odometry for Road Vehicles

This paper describes a method for estimating the vehicle global position in a network of roads by means of visual odometry. To do so, the ego-motion of the vehicle relative to the road is computed using a stereo-vision system mounted next to the rear view mirror of the car. Feature points are matched between pairs of frames and linked into 3D trajectories. Vehicle motion is estimated using the non-linear, photogrametric approach based on RANSAC. This iterative technique enables the formulation of a robust method that can ignore large numbers of outliers as encountered in real traffic scenes. The resulting method is defined as visual odometry and can be used in conjunction with other sensors, such as GPS, to produce accurate estimates of the vehicle global position. The obvious application of the method is to provide on-board driver assistance in navigation tasks, or to provide a means for autonomously navigating a vehicle. The method has been tested in real traffic conditions without using prior knowledge about the scene nor the vehicle motion. We provide examples of estimated vehicle trajectories using the proposed method and discuss the key issues for further improvement

Dental caries status of patients with schizophrenia in Seville, Spain: a case-control study

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the dental status (DMFT) in patients with schizophrenia compared with a control group. Material: In this case-control study, 50 patients with schizophrenia attended in the Psychiatric Unit at the Virgen Macarena University Hospital of Seville were compared with 50 people (without systemic diseases and not taking psychotropic drugs) in a control group attended in the School of Dentistry of Seville. Decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) were assessed according to the World Health Organization WHO criteria. Results: Patients with schizophrenia showed a decayed teeth (DT) score of 7.26 ± 5.69 compared with 6.50 ± 4.37 for patients the control group. These differences were significant and suggest that dental caries are most prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. People who smoked showed significantly higher DT scores in both groups. Among patients with schizophrenia, smokers scored 9.34 ± 5.42 compared with 4.38 ± 4.82 for non-smokers. Among the healthy controls, smokers scored 6.88 ± 4.85 compared with 6.12 ± 3.85 for non-smokers (p < 0.05). Patients with schizophrenia showed a missing teeth (MT) score of 9.10 ± 8.56 compared with 5.38 ± 5.14 in control patients. MT scores increased significantly with age and with smoking in both groups of patients (p < 0.05). Patients with schizophrenia showed a filled teeth (FT) score of 1.38 ± 2.70 compared with 2.34 ± 3.48 in control patients. FT differences in gender and smoking habits between patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This data, along with the DT scores, suggests that patients with schizophrenia have extensive untreated dental disease. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia constitute a high risk population for dental health. This group showed a greater prevalence of decayed and missing teeth and more extensive treatment needs

Customized Titanium Mesh for Guided Bone Regeneration with Autologous Bone and Xenograft

The augmentation of the alveolar crest after the loss of one or several teeth can be carried out using different bone augmentation techniques. These techniques include bone distraction, ridge expansion, bone block grafts, etc. Guided bone regeneration is an alternative to increase the volume of the hard tissues for the subsequent placement of the implants in the optimal three-dimensional position. The objective of this paper is to show a case report of the use of customized titanium mesh for posterior vertical bone regeneration. Case report and Results: A 59-year-old woman comes to rehabilitate edentulous spaces with implants. After taking the anamnesis and the intra and extraoral exploration, a vertical and horizontal bone defect is observed in the third quadrant. After the radiological study with CBCT, a bone height of 6.04 mm to the inferior alveolar nerve and a width of the bone crest of 3.95 mm was observed. It was decided to carry out a regeneration with a preformed titanium mesh (Avinent (R), Santpedor, Spain) and four microscrews (Avinent (R), Santpedor, Spain). The flap was closed without tension. Regular check-ups were performed without complications. At 7 months, the mesh was removed and two osteoingrated implants (Avinent (R), Santpedor, Spain) were placed with a torque greater than 45 N/cm and an ISQ of 82 and 57 N/cm, respectively. The bone gain obtained was 1.84 and 1.92 mm in width and 4.2 and 3.78 mm in height for positions 3.5 and 3.6. The newly formed bone, obtained by trephine, was well-structured and histologically indistinguishable from the previous bone. Conclusion: The use of a customized pre-formed titanium mesh together with the mixture of autologous bone and xenograft is a feasible and predictable technique for vertical bone regeneration

Mandibular overdentures over two implants in totally edentulous patients

Introducción: En la actualidad, la implantología oral constituye una modalidad terapéutica en el tratamiento prostodóncico de los pacientes mayores edéntulos totales. El estudio muestra la evaluación del tratamiento con sobredentaduras mandibulares mediante la carga precoz de implantes dentales. Métodos: Treinta pacientes edéntulos totales fueron tratados con 60 implantes con superficie arenada y grabada Galimplant® en la mandíbula para su rehabilitación prostodóncica con sobredentaduras. Dos implantes fueron insertados en cada paciente. Los implantes fueron cargados funcionalmente tras un periodo de tiempo de 6 semanas con retenedores de fricción. Los hallazgos clínicos (implantológicos y prostodóncicos) se han seguido durante al menos 24 meses. Resultados: Los resultados indican una supervivencia y éxito de los implantes del 98,3%. Durante el periodo de cicatrización libre de carga funcional, se perdió un implante por movilidad. La pérdida de hueso marginal media fue de 0,4 mm (0-1,1 mm). El 100% de los pacientes fueron tratados mediante una sobredentadura implantorretenida con anclajes de fricción. En cuatro pacientes se realizaron cambios en los componentes plásticos de los ataches. El seguimiento clínico medio fue de 40,8 meses (24-60 meses). Conclusiones: Los resultados del presente estudio indican que la rehabilitación prostodóncica mediante la carga precoz con sobredentaduras con implantes de los pacientes edéntulos mandibulares representa una terapéutica implantológica con éxito

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Treatment with Dental Implants with Acid Etched Surface

Implant dentistry constitutes a therapeutic modality in the prosthodontic treatment of partially and totally edentulous patients. This study reports a long-term evaluation of treatment by the early loading of acid-etched surface implants. Forty-eight partially and totally edentulous patients were treated with 169 TSA Defcon® acid-etched surface implants for prosthodontic rehabilitation. Implants were loaded after a healing free-loading period of 6-8 weeks in mandible and maxilla, respectively. Implant and prosthodontic clinical findings were followed during at least 17 years. Clinical results indicate a survival and success rate of implants of 92.9%, demonstrating that acid-etched surface achieves and maintains successful osseointegration. Five implants in three patients were lost during the healing period. Sixty-five prostheses were placed in 45 patients over the remaining 164 implants, 30 single crowns, 21 partially fixed bridges, 9 overdentures, and 5 full-arch fixed rehabilitations. A total of 12 implants were lost during the follow-up period. Mean marginal bone loss was 1.91 ± 1.24 mm, ranging from 1.1 to 3.6 mm. The most frequent complication was prosthetic technical complications (14.2%), followed by peri-implantitis (10.6%). The mean follow-up was of 214.4 months (208-228 months). Prosthodontic rehabilitation with an early-loading protocol over acid-etched surface implants is a successful implant treatment