The Well-Being of Italians: A Comparative Historical Approach

The paper describes the evolution of the well-being of the Italians during the 150 years since the country's unification. The progress in material standard of living was substantial, with GDP per capita growing 13 times between 1861 and 2010 and hours of work (and hence effort) falling considerably, but was roughly in line with that experienced by most other European countries. By relying on a novel database on household budgets, the paper shows that economic growth was accompanied by a long-run reduction of inequality that appears however to have been reversed in the last two decades. Progress was not limited to the economic domain: educational attainment improved considerably, although less than in other countries; on the other hand, the increase in life expectancy was spectacular and brought Italians to lead the international ranking.Italian history, human progress, income inequality

Resonant diphoton phenomenology simplified

open3noA framework is proposed to describe resonant diphoton phenomenology at hadron colliders in full generality. It can be employed for a comprehensive model-independent interpretation of the experimental data. Within the general framework, few benchmark scenarios are defined as representative of the various phenomenological options and/or of motivated new physics scenarios. Their usage is illustrated by performing a characterization of the 750 GeV excess, based on a recast of available experimental results. We also perform an assessment of which properties of the resonance could be inferred, after discovery, by a careful experimental study of the diphoton distributions. These include the spin J of the new particle and its dominant production mode. Partial information on its CP-parity can also be obtained, but only for J ≥ 2. The complete determination of the resonance CP properties requires studying the pattern of the initial state radiation that accompanies the resonant diphoton production.openPanico, Giuliano; Vecchi, Luca; Wulzer, AndreaPanico, Giuliano; Vecchi, Luca; Wulzer, Andre

A symmetry-adapted numerical scheme for SDEs

We propose a geometric numerical analysis of SDEs admitting Lie symmetries which allows us to individuate a symmetry adapted coordinates system where the given SDE has notable invariant properties. An approximation scheme preserving the symmetry properties of the equation is introduced. Our algorithmic procedure is applied to the family of general linear SDEs for which two theoretical estimates of the numerical forward error are established.Comment: A numerical example adde

SUBCLINICAL CONGESTION from physical examination to prognosis: translating a mechanical model into an ultrasound approach

Background: subclinical pulmonary and peripheral congestion is an emerging concept in heart failure, correlated with a worse prognosis. Very few studies have evaluated its prognostic impact in an outpatient setting and its relationship with right-ventricular dysfunction. The study aims to investigate subclinical congestion in chronic heart failure outpatients, exploring the close relationship between the right heart-pulmonary unit and peripheral congestion. Materials and methods: in this observational study, 104 chronic HF outpatients were enrolled. The degree of congestion and signs of elevated filling pressures of the right ventricle were evaluated by physical examination and a transthoracic ultrasound to define multiparametric right ventricular dysfunction, estimate the right atrial pressure and the pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Outcome data were obtained by scheduled visits and phone calls. Results: ultrasound signs of congestion were found in 26% of patients and, among this cohort, half of them presented as subclinical, affecting their prognosis, revealing a linear correlation between right ventricular/arterial coupling, the right-chambers size and ultrasound congestion. Right ventricular dysfunction, TAPSE/PAPS ratio, clinical and ultrasound signs of congestion have been confirmed to be useful predictors of outcome. Conclusions: subclinical congestion is widespread in the heart failure outpatient population, significantly affecting prognosis, especially when right ventricular dysfunction also occurs, suggesting a strict correlation between the heart-pulmonary unit and volume overload

Thermo-mechanical energy storage applications for energy system decarbonisation

This research explores the prospective application of thermo-mechanical energy storage technologies for energy system decarbonisation. It characterises, first, the techno-economic performance of one such technologies, Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES), when operated within the power system to supply energy and reserve services. Then, Liquid Air Energy Storage operation as a multi-energy asset is studied. To conclude, the potential of six between established and novel thermo-mechanical energy storage concepts is cross-compared and benchmarked with incumbent storage technologies for long-duration energy storage applications

Ruolo dei sistemi di mappaggio elettroanatomico nel trattamento delle aritmie sopraventricolari

studio controllo di valutazione fattibilità, efficacia e sicurezza dell'approccio elettroanatomico per il trattamento delle aritmie convenzionali e eventuale identificazione di fattori predittivi capaci di prevedere quali procedure possono essere eseguite esclusivamente a raggi zero o con la minore espsizione possibile

Index numbers of retail sales monthly data 7-1982.

We establish two new characterizations of magnetic Sobolev spaces for Lipschitz magnetic fields in terms of nonlocal functionals. The first one is related to the BBM formula, due to Bourgain, Brezis and Mironescu. The second one is related to the work of the first author on the classical Sobolev spaces. We also study the convergence almost everywhere and the convergence in L1 appearing naturally in these contexts

The evolutionary history and functional divergence of trehalase (treh) genes in insects

Trehalases (treh) have been found in different organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, nematodes, insects, vertebrates and plants. Their biochemical properties are extremely variable and not yet fully understood. Gene expression patterns have shown differences among insect species suggesting a potential functional diversification of trehalase enzymes during their evolution. A second gene family encoding for enzymes with hypothetical trehalase activity has bene been repeatedly annotated in insect genome as acid trehalases/acid trehalase-like (ath), but its functional role is still not clear. The currently available large amount of genomic data from many insect species may enable deeper studies allowing a better understanding of the evolutionary history, the phylogenetic relationships and possible roles of trehalase encoding genes in this taxon. The aim of the present study is to infer the evolutionary history of trehalases and acid trehalase genes in insects and analyse the trehalase functional divergence during their evolution, combining nucleotides sequences phylogenyphylogenetic, protein conservation and genomic synteny/colinearity analyses