2,588 research outputs found
Analysis of the Systematic Errors Found in the Kipp & Zonen Large-Aperture Scintillometer
Studies have shown a systematic error in the Kipp & Zonen large-aperture scintillometer (K&ZLAS) measurements of the sensible heat flux, H. We improved on these studies and compared four K&ZLASs with a Wageningen large-aperture scintillometer at the Chilbolton Observatory. The scintillometers were installed such that their footprints were the same and independent flux measurements were made along the measurement path. This allowed us to compare H and the direct scintillometer output, the refractive index structure parameter, C2n. Furthermore, spectral analysis was performed on the raw scintillometer signal to investigate the characteristics of the error. Firstly, correlation coefficients =0.99 confirm the robustness of the scintillometer method, and secondly we discovered two systematic errors: the low-C2n error and the high-C2n error. The low-C2n error is a non-linear error that is caused by high-frequency noise, and we suspect the error to be caused by the calibration circuit in the receiver. It varies between each K&ZLAS, is significant for H = 50 W m-2, and we propose a solution to remove this error using the demodulated signal. The high-C2n error identified by us is the systematic error found in previous studies.We suspect this error to be caused by poor focal alignment of the receiver detector and the transmitter light-emitting diode that causes ineffective use of the Fresnel lens in the current Kipp & Zonen design. It varies between each K&ZLAS (35% up to 240%) and can only be removed by comparing with a reference scintillometer in the field
Learning emotions in virtual environments
A modular hybrid neural network architecture, called SHAME, for emotion learning is introduced. The system learns from annotated data how the emotional state is generated and changes due to internal and external stimuli. Part of the modular architecture is domain independent and part must be\ud
adapted to the domain under consideration.\ud
The generation and learning of emotions is based on the event appraisal model.\ud
The architecture is implemented in a prototype consisting of agents trying to survive in a virtual world. An evaluation of this prototype shows that the architecture is capable of\ud
generating natural emotions and furthermore that training of the neural network modules in the architecture is computationally feasible.\ud
Keywords: hybrid neural systems, emotions, learning, agents
Exploratory Mediation Analysis with Many Potential Mediators
Social and behavioral scientists are increasingly employing technologies such
as fMRI, smartphones, and gene sequencing, which yield 'high-dimensional'
datasets with more columns than rows. There is increasing interest, but little
substantive theory, in the role the variables in these data play in known
processes. This necessitates exploratory mediation analysis, for which
structural equation modeling is the benchmark method. However, this method
cannot perform mediation analysis with more variables than observations. One
option is to run a series of univariate mediation models, which incorrectly
assumes independence of the mediators. Another option is regularization, but
the available implementations may lead to high false positive rates. In this
paper, we develop a hybrid approach which uses components of both filter and
regularization: the 'Coordinate-wise Mediation Filter'. It performs filtering
conditional on the other selected mediators. We show through simulation that it
improves performance over existing methods. Finally, we provide an empirical
example, showing how our method may be used for epigenetic research.Comment: R code and package are available online as supplementary material at
https://github.com/vankesteren/cmfilter and
https://github.com/vankesteren/ema_simulation
How a market intelligence system can add value to the decision making process of NPD and sales:a design science approach
Firearm ownership and violence from an international perspective:An analysis of the International Crime Victims Survey
Een Jagthuys in Die Haghe: Een zoektocht naar het Haagse hof van Floris IV
Since 1730 the origins of The Hague and the Binnenhof have been traced back to a hunting lodge supposed to have been built by Count Floris IV (1210-1234). That âhunting lodge of Floris IVâ is the focus of this study. It explains, based on terminological research, why the Dutch term jachthuis/jachtslot is not applicable to the earliest phase of the Binnenhof since the term did not come into use until the nineteenth century, when the newly rich started to take up hunting. Besides, the thirteenth-century power structure was such that rulers travelled constantly around their dominions, and so the need for hunting lodges did not yet exist; every relocation provided fresh hunting grounds. It seems unlikely that there would have been residences for a specific function like hunting or formal entertaining as early as the thirteenth century; the one did not necessarily exclude the other.
This article explores the origins of the âhunting lodge storyâ. The first mention of The Hague is in a charter dating from 1242. It refers to âdie Hagaâ (haag = hedge), meaning an enclosed area for hunting. According to the chronicler Jan Beke, Willem II of Holland (1227-1256) established a âpalaceâ in The Hague after being crowned King of Germany in 1248. So there was already a countâs hunting ground in this area before then. At the beginning of the seventeenth century The Hague changed its name to âs-Gravenhage, presumably because the aristocratic connotations (graaf = count) enhanced its status. The Hague had no city charter and consequently sought other ways of raising its profile. In subsequent centuries hunting, and the possession of a hunting lodge, was the preserve of the wealthy elite.
Seeking to redefine the Binnenhofâs origins, I investigatedwhether the typologicalcharacteristics of hallconstruction in the thirteenth century matched thoseof the first phase of construction. In the event it proveddifficult to reconstruct that initial construction phasesince all that survives from the period is the middlebasement below the Ridderzaal of the Countsâ Chambers.A comparison with other residences showed thatthis space was originally also used for storage.
Comparative research into other courts within and beyond the County of Holland appears to confirm that from as early as the end of the thirteenth century there were houses that served chiefly as a base for hunting. One such was Bosvoorde, which was already designated a domus venatorum (hunting lodge) in 1270. The presence of the countâs hunting ground suggests that the Binnenhof was in all likelihood also used for hunting, although not exclusively; official business was also conducted here. From 1248 onwards the Binnenhofâs ceremonial function took precedence since the term âpalaceâ was almost always used for a principal residence.Vanaf 1730 wordt het ontstaan van Den Haag en het Binnenhof toegeschreven aan een jachthuis dat zou zijn gebouwd door graaf Floris IV (1210-1234). In dit onderzoek staat dit âjachthuis van Floris IVâ centraal. Op basis van terminologisch onderzoek wordt uiteengezet waarom het begrip jachthuis/jachtslot niet passend is voor de vroegste fase van het Binnenhof. Dit begrip kwam pas vanaf de negentiende eeuw in zwang, toen nieuwe rijken gingen deelnemen aan de jacht. Daarnaast was er in het dertiende-eeuwse machtssysteem, waarbinnen heersers rondtrokken door hun gebied, nog geen behoefte aan jachthuizen; elke verplaatsing zorgde voor verse jachtgronden. Het lijkt onwaarschijnlijk dat in de dertiende eeuw al sprake was van verblijfplaatsen voor een specifieke functie zoals jacht of representatie; vaak sloot het Ă©Ă©n het ander niet uit.
In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de origine van het âjachthuisverhaalâ. De eerste vermelding van Den Haag komt uit een oorkonde uit 1242. Hierin wordt gesproken van âdie Hagaâ (de haag), wat duidt op een omheind gebied voor de jacht. Volgens de chroniquer Jan Beke stichtte Willem II (1227-1256) in Den Haag een âpaleisâ nadat hij in 1248 was gekroond tot rooms-koning. Hiervoor was er dus al een grafelijk jachtterrein in dit gebied. Begin zeventiende eeuw liet Den Haag zijn naam veranderen in âs-Gravenhage, vermoedelijk werkte de connectie met de grafelijke jacht statusverhogend. Den Haag had geen stadsrechten en zocht daarom andere manieren om zich te profileren. In de eeuwen daarna was de jacht, en het bezit van een jachthuis, alleen bereikbaar voor de allerrijksten.
Om tot een nieuwe definiĂ«ring te komen van het begin van het Binnenhof is onderzocht of de typologische kenmerken van zaalbouwen uit deze periode toepasbaar zijn op de eerste bouwfase. Het blijkt lastig de eerste bouwfase te reconstrueren. De middelste kelder onder de âRidderzaalâ van het Grafelijke Zalencomplex is het enige overblijfsel uit deze periode. Door deze te vergelijken met andere verblijfplaatsen wordt duidelijk dat deze ruimte oorspronkelijk ook in gebruik is geweest voor opslag.
Vergelijkend onderzoek naar andere hoven in en buiten het graafschap Holland lijkt te bevestigen dat er eind dertiende eeuw al huizen waren die grotendeels dienden als uitvalsbasis voor de jacht, zoals Bosvoorde dat al in 1270 als domus veneratorum (jachthuis) werd aangeduid. De aanwezigheid van het grafelijke jachtterrein maakt het waarschijnlijk dat het Binnenhof ook voor de jacht werd gebruikt, maar aan dit vroege hof werden ook officiĂ«le zaken afgehandeld. Vanaf 1248 werd de representatieve functie van het Binnenhof waarschijnlijk de belangrijkste, aangezien de term âpaleisâ vaak alleen werd gebruikt voor een hoofdresidentie
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