Luxación congénita familiar de la cabeza radial

Presentamos un caso de luxación congénita familiar de la cabeza radial. Suele ser una entidad asintomática, y puede conducir a dudas diagnósticas cuando se observa tras un traumatismo. Los antecedentes familiares y la radiografía del codo contralateral son útiles en la diferenciación frente a una luxación traumática. El tratamiento habitual de la luxación congénita de cabeza radial asintomática es la observación.A case of familiar congenital dislocation of the radial head is presented. It used to be an asymptomatic entity, and may lead to misdiagnosis when it is observed after a traumatism. Familiar history and contralateral radiographs are useful in the differentiation from a traumatic dislocation. The standard treatment for asymptomatic congenital radial head dislocations is observation

HCO3- enrichment causes cytosolic NO3- efflux in Posidonia oceanica leaf cells

Posidonia oceanica is a seagrass, the only group of vascular plants to colonize the marine environment. Seawater is an extreme yet stable environment, characterized by high salinity, alkaline pH and low availability of essential nutrients, such as nitrate or phosphate. In addition, in aquatic environments the supply of CO2 for the photosynthesis is limited by diffusion and therefore many aquatic plants use HCO3- as the inorganic carbon source for photosynthesis. Previous results have shown that Na+ -dependent transport systems operate on the plasma membrane of P. oceanica mesophyll leaf cells for the high-affinity NO3-, Pi or amino acids uptake. Also, a direct transport of HCO3- driven by H+ has been found in this species that provides inorganic carbon for photosynthesis and could be a significant component of a carbon concentrating mechanism in this species. Interestingly, this HCO3- direct uptake caused the efflux of chloride from the cytosol, probably through S-type anion channels, pointing that other anions could also be removed from the cytosol. This hypothesis could be relevant in the case of NO3-, since the decrease of cytosolic NO3- in response to HCO3- enrichment could limit N-assimilation. Here we analyse the effect of HCO3- increase on NO3- uptake and cytosolic homeostasis in P. oceanica. Enrichment of natural seawater with 3 mM HCO3- evokes the on-going decrease of cytosolic NO3-, from 5.7 ± 0.2 to 4.8 ± 0.7 mM after 40 min of treatment. The incubation of P. oceanica leaf pieces in 3 mM HCO3- NSW causes an initial increase of NO3- concentration in the medium. Maximum efflux (21 nmol NO3- gFM-1 min-1) occurs within the first minute of incubation. Then, external NO3- is depleted from the medium at lower net uptake rate than the value observed in non HCO3- -enriched natural seawater. These results fit the hypothesis that HCO3- enrichment causes the nitrogen loose and could impair nitrogen assimilation promoting N biomass impoverishment.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Spanish MINECO, projects BFU2017-85117-R and BIO2016-81957-RED

NRT2.5 a putative sodium dependent high affinity nitrate trasnporter of zostera marina l.

Seagrasses are the only group of vascular plants that recolonized the marine environment, possibly the most severe habitat shift ever accomplished by flowering plants. These plants have regained functions enabling them to thrive in liquid medium with an extremely high salinity (0.5 M Na+), high alkaline conditions (pH 8.2) and very low concentration of essential nutrients as NO3- or Pi. Despite this, seagrasses form one of the highest productive and widespread ecosystems of the planet (Larkum et al., 2006). Zostera marina was the first seagrass fully sequenced and its genome reveals important insights about this secondary adaption. Comparison with land plants indicates that less than 20 % of the genes families are specific in the genome of seagrasses. Thus, adaptation to marine environment seems to be due to molecular changes of the same family genes rather that the speciation of pre-existing genes. This appears to be the case of the high affinity nitrate transporter belonging to the NRT family. In contrast to terrestrial vascular plants, where NRT2 encode high affinity NO3- transporters that operate as H+ symporters, our electrophysiological analysis indicate that in Z. marina high affinity NO3- uptake is mediated by a Na+-dependent mechanism. A detailed analysis of the Z. marina genome indicates the presence of only one gene encoding for this type of transporter: Zosma70g00300.1. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this high affinity nitrate transporter is more related to NRT2.5 than to NTRT2.1, sharing a common ancestor with both, monocot and dicot plants. We have cloned Zosma70g00300.1 and the high-affinity nitrate transporter accessory protein NAR2 (Zosma63g00220.1) in order to characterize the specific transport mechanism mediated by these proteins in Z. marina. Thus, the putative Z. marina NRT2.5 transporter could have evolved to use Na+ as a driving ion, which might be an essential adaptation of seagrasses to colonize the marine environment.MICINN (BFU2017-85117-R; BIO2016-81957-REDT) Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Tornillos expansivos: Un recurso en la artrodesis lumbosacra

En los últimos años han aparecido numerosos sistemas de fijación transpedicular que han hecho evolucionar a esta técnica. En 1991 se diseñó el sistema OMEGA 21 que permite la posibilidad de utilización de tornillos expansivos en artrodesis lumbosacra: un caso de fractura estallido, una fractura patológica en el seno de una columna osteoporótica, una cirugía de revisión en una fractura vertebral y un caso de desmontaje de un sistema de fijación transpedicular. En total fueron colocados 11 tornillos expansivos apareciendo la rotura de uno de ellos a los 15 meses. El tornillo expansivo permite la utilización de la fijación transpedicular en situaciones especiales, teniendo dos indicaciones precisas: casos con osteoporosis grave y cirugía de revisión.In recent years numerous pedicular fixation systems have appeared, revolutionizing the technique. In 1991, the OMEGA-21 system was designed to allow the use of expansive screws in lumbosacral arthrodesis: one burst fracture, one pathologic fracture in an osteoporotic spine, one revision surgery of a vertebral fracture and one disassembly of a pedicular fixation system. In total, 11 expansive screws were placed, one of them appearing broken 15 months after implantation. Expansive screws allows the use of pedicular fixation in special situations, having two precise indications: severe osteoporosis and revision surgery

Who Decides and Who Invests? The Role of the Public, Private and Third Sectors in Rural Development according to Geographical Contexts: The LEADER Approach in Andalusia, 2007–2015

This study was carried out as part of the research project entitled "Successes and failures in the practice of neo-endogenous rural development in the European Union (1991-2014)" funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness within its Excellence Programme, CSO2017-89657-P. Additionally, this research is part of the project "El vaciamiento del campo andaluz. Practicas y propuestas para ocuparlo", funded by the Andalusian Regional Government, concretely the Centre of Andalusian Studies, PRY112/19. Finally, the publication of this work has been funded by the European Union project "Education, Agriculture and Resources for Territories and Heritage", 598839-EPP-1-2018-1-IT-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP (2018-2022).In general, the LEADER programme has had a positive impact, although it has also negative aspects. In this paper, we analyse the role of the three main stakeholders (public sector, private sector and third sector) within the LEADER local action groups (LAGs) in the decision-making process and final execution of the projects, to discover whether there is any relation between those taking the decisions and those carrying out the projects, according to the degree of rurality of the different areas. Our primary source was the files for all the successfully implemented LEADER projects in Andalusia between 2007 and 2015. Relevant findings are: although the public sector plays a leading role in the LAGs and in the decision-making process, most of the projects, as measured by total investment, are carried out by the private sector; the degree of rurality is an important factor, in that private sector investors tend to invest in peri-urban spaces, while public bodies, and especially local councils, invest in remote rural areas. The LAGs play a strategic role, in terms of making up for the almost negligible input from the third sector.Spanish Government CSO2017-89657-PAndalusian Regional Government PRY112/19European Commission 598839-EPP-1-2018-1-IT-EPPKA2-CBHE-J

Effect of seawater inorganic carbon enrichment on NO3- transporter and reduction enzyme gene expression in Zostera marina leaves

In this work we have analysed the gene expression levels related to cytosolic nitrate homeostasis, including transporters and enzymes, in leaves of Zostera marina plants incubated in high HCO3- or in the absence of N. The expression levels of ZosmaNTR2, the only gene quoted as a high- affinity nitrate transporter belonging to NRT2 family in Z. marina genome, as well as its regulatory protein ZosmaNAR2, were induced in both conditions. Interestingly, expression levels of such genes were higher than the obtained for ZosmaCHL1 (ZosmaNPF6.3), which expression was lower in N-replete plants, but did not vary in response to HCO3-. These results suggest that the induction of the expression of the NO3- high-affinity transporter ZosmaNRT2 and its regulatory protein ZosmaNAR2 are the main response for the cytosolic NO3- decrease in both N-deficiency or in C-enrichment.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The Cultural Tourism and Flamenco

Flamenco is a living art that excites and awakens the senses of those who witness such a dance, singing and guitar show. It is a way of expressing feelings. Flamenco was considered a world intangible heritage of humanity by UNESCO and is a part of the identity and culture of Andalucía, place where it originated. Flamenco is a symbol of Spanish culture around the world. In addition, it has been discovered that there is a typology of flamenco tourists whose motivation is related to the search of experience and authenticity in the tourist destination. A search of published scientific articles on emotional tourism, motivation and flamenco has been conducted using three databases: Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. Flamenco is an art that transmits passion in each of its three components: song, dance and music. Therefore, tourism management of the sites where flamenco is part of its identity must bet on its development and potential as a motivating factor to travel, bringing the emotion to the tourist, which consists not only in perceiving it, but also in experiencing it, living it. We conclude that Flamenco as a living art forms an essential part of Spain‘s cultural heritage and becomes an important tourist factor to cover the experiential needs of tourists

Tratamiento de las fracturas de la extremidad proximal del fémur con el clavo Claufitt

El objetivo de este trabajo fue la valoración de los resultados con el clavo Claufitt en pacientes afectados de fracturas en la extremidad proximal del fémur. Desde octubre de 1997 hasta enero de 2000 fueron tratados en nuestro Servicio 103 pacientes con este implante, 73 pacientes (73 fracturas) fueron controlados durantes su estancia hospitalaria y mensualmente hasta el sexo mes postintervención. Se consiguió la consolidación de la fractura en 72 casos, apareciendo un 11% de complicaciones postoperatorias. Tres casos de migración superior de los tornillos proximales en la articulación de la cadera, fueron las complicaciones más importantes. Las complicaciones interoperatorias fueron atribuidas a errores técnicos. El porcentaje de complicaciones postoperatorias fue similar al de las series publicadas con el clavo Gamma, necesitando mejorar el sistema de bloqueo proximal para evitar las protrusiones en el cotilo.The objective of this work was to assess to clinical results with the Claufitt nail in the treatment of fractures of the proximal femur. From Octover 1997 to January 2000, 103 patients were treated with this implant, 73 patients (73 fractures) were studied during their hospital stay and followed up monthly at 6 months. Consolidation of the fracture occurred in 72 cases, the incidence of per operative complications was 11% and there were 11% postoperative complications. Three cases of superior cut out the proximal screws, three shaft fractures and two cases of screw penetration to hip joint were the most important complications. Per operative complications were attributable to technical errors. We had a percentage of postoperative complications similar to Gamma nail series, needing to improve the proximal lock screw system to avoid hip penetration

The Third Sector: The “Other” Actors of Rural Development, Andalusia 2000–2015

Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, Research Project “Successes and failures in the practice of neo-endogenous rural development in the European Union (1991–2013), RURALWIN”. CSO2017-89657-P.Civil society plays an essential role in the development of our rural areas. In spite of this, little research has been conducted on the role of non-profit organizations, often referred to in general terms as the third sector, within the framework of the LEADER program for rural development, especially in such a large geographical area as Andalusia, the study area of this research. The diversity of the groups that make up the “Others” group of rural development stakeholders is one of its most important characteristics. Over the course of the study period (2000–2015), these organizations have played a very significant role in Andalusia in both quantitative and qualitative terms. In order to find out more about the diversity of third sector organizations and to quantify and evaluate their importance, we carried out a detailed analysis of all the LEADER projects commenced in Andalusia between 2000 and 2015. The quantitative and quantitative results obtained highlight the diversity of these projects and how widely their presence varied from one type of rural area to the next. Our research reopens the debate about the growing role played by non-profit organizations in developed societies at a global level and within LEADER in particular.Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, Research Project RURALWIN”. CSO2017-89657-P

Epifisiolisis cartílago trirradiado: a propósito de un caso

La epifisiolisis del cartílago trirradiado es una patología muy infrecuente que puede dar lugar a displasia acetabular y subluxación de cadera. Los primeros síntomas pueden aparecer de forma tardía, incluso algunas décadas después del traumatismo. Los factores pronóstico más importantes son la edad en el momento de la lesión y el tipo de epifisiolisis. El diagnóstico es difícil y, en algunos casos, sólo a posteriori. Se presenta un caso de epifisiolisis, tipo I de Salter y Harris o tipo I de Bucholz, en una niña de 11 años de edad que fue tratada de forma conservadora.Trirradiate cartilage epiphysiolysis is a rare disorder that can cause acetabular dysplasia and subluxation of the hip. The main prognostic factors are age and type of lesion. The disorder is difficult to diagnose and in some instances can only be diagnosed a posteriori. This paper presents a case report of Salter and Harris type I or Bucholtz type I trirradiate cartilage epiphysiolysis in an 11 year old girl who received orthopedic treatment