Should EU Land Use and Land Cover Data be managed with a NoSQL Document Store?

Land cover (LC) is a scientific landscape classification based on physical properties of earth materials. This information is usually retrieved through remote sensing techniques (e.g. forest cover, urban, clay content, among others). In contrast, Land use (LU) is defined from an anthropocentric point of view. It describes how a specific area is used (e.g. it is usual to indicate whether a territory supports an intensive, extensive use or it is unused). Both geospatial layers are essential inputs in many socio-economic and environmental studies. The INSPIRE directive provides technical data specifications for harmonization and sharing of voluminous LU/ LC datasets across all countries of the EU. The INSPIRE initiative proposes Object-Oriented Modelling as a data modelling methodology. However, the most used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are built upon relational databases. This may jeopardize LU/LC data usability, since GIS practitioners will eventually face the object-relational impedance mismatch. In this paper, the authors introduce the SIOSE database (Spanish Land Cover and Land Use Information System), which was the first implementation of an object-oriented land cover and Land-use datamodel, in line with the recommendation of the INSPIRE Directive, separating both themes. SIOSE data can be downloaded as relational database files, where information describing each single LU/LC object is divided among several related tables, so database queries can be complex and time consuming. The authors show these technical complexities through a computational experience, comparing SQL and NoSQL databases for querying spatial data downloaded from SIOSE. Finally, the authors conclude that NoSQL geodatabases deserve to be further explored because they could scale for LU/LC data, both horizontally and vertically, better than relational geodatabases, improving usability and making the most of the EU harmonization efforts

Coronavirus disease 2019 and lung cancer: where are we?

Oncology patients are more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to hospital contact and an immunological system that can be compromised by antineoplastic therapy and supportive treatments. Certain similarities have been described in the physiopathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lung cancer (LC) that may explain the higher probability of these patients of developing a more serious disease with more frequent hospitalizations and even death, especially with the addition of smoking, cardiovascular and respiratory comorbidities, old age and corticosteroids use. Pre-existing lesions and cancer therapies change the normal architecture of the lungs, so diagnostic scales such as COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) are of vital importance for a correct diagnosis and patient homogenization, with a high inter-observer correlation. Moreover, anticancer treatments have required an adaptation to reduce the number of visits to the hospital [hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT), larger intervals between chemotherapy cycles, delay in follow-up tests, among others]. In a way, this has also caused a delay in the diagnosis of new cancers. On the other hand, vaccination has had a positive impact on the mortality of these patients, who maintain a similar seroprevalence to the rest of the population, with a similar impact in mortality

Cryopreservation of unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cells: the right answer for transplantations during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Cryopreservation was recommended to ensure continuity of unrelated donor (UD) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during COVID-19 pandemic. However, its impact on clinical outcomes and feasibility was not well known. We compared 32 patients who underwent UD HSCT using cryopreserved peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) during the COVID-19 pandemic with 32 patients who underwent UD HSCT using fresh PBSC in the previous period. Median neutrophil engraftment was 17.5 and 17.0 days with cryopreserved and fresh grafts, respectively. Non-significant delays were found in platelet recovery days (25.5 versus 19.0; P = 0.192) and full donor chimerism days (35.0 and 31.5; P = 0.872) using cryopreserved PBSC. The rate of acute graft-versus-host disease at 100 days was 41% (95% CI [21-55%]) in cryopreserved group versus 31% (95% CI [13-46%]) in fresh group (P = 0.380). One-hundred days progression-relapse free survival and overall survival did not differ significantly. During COVID-19 pandemic, six frozen UD donations were not transfused and logistical and clinical issues regarding cryopreservation procedure, packaging, and transporting appeared. In summary, UD HSCT with cryopreserved PBSC was safe during this challenging time. More efforts are needed to ensure that all frozen grafts are transplanted and cryopreservation requirements are harmonized

La prevención de caídas recurrentes en el paciente anciano

RESUMEN Las caídas son “acontecimientos involuntarios que hacen perder el equilibrio y dar con el cuerpo en la tierra u otra superficie firme que lo detenga”. Las caídas recurrentes (presencia de dos o más caídas en un año) constituyen un problema frecuente en centros residenciales, y predisponen a las personas mayores a sufrir incapacidad, dependencia y múltiples enfermedades. La aplicación de medidas de prevención puede disminuir notablemente su incidencia y, por tanto, sus consecuencias. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar qué intervenciones de enfermería pueden ayudar a prevenir caídas recurrentes en las personas mayores institucionalizadas, y minimizar el impacto emocional que ocasionan estos episodios. Para ello, se desarrolla un caso clínico y, tras el análisis de la evidencia científica, se proponen intervenciones para evitar la recurrencia de un episodio de caída y sus consecuencias. El análisis de este caso se estructura en valoración de riesgo de caídas recurrentes e intervenciones de prevención de las mismas. Y, a su vez, cada apartado se divide en aspectos físicos y emocionales. La literatura especializada refleja que la valoración del riesgo de caídas es clave para implantar un plan de cuidados. Conocer los factores de riesgo intrínsecos y extrínsecos ayudará a los profesionales a diseñar intervenciones de prevención. Asimismo, se ha identificado el impacto emocional que producen las caídas en los pacientes y se proponen algunas intervenciones para aliviarlo. Este trabajo refuerza la importancia de realizar una adecuada valoración de enfermería a las personas mayores en riesgo de sufrir caídas recurrentes, a través de diferentes instrumentos para detectar las áreas específicas de intervención. Se concluye con la necesidad de protocolizar esta valoración, tanto física como emocional, para poder individualizarla posteriormente con cada paciente

El Plan Nacional de Observación del Territorio en España

Presentación en el XI Congreso Nacional de Teledetección celebrado en Tenerife en el 2005[ES]La producción y diseminación de información geográfica en España por los distintos organismos de las Administraciones Públicas españolas está doblemente descentralizada, geográficamente y temáticamente. La situación adolece de una insuficiente coordinación en la obtención y diseminación de dicha información. En el caso de las imágenes aeroespaciales que figuran como uno los Datos Básicos de Referencia de la Directiva INSPIRE de la UE para el establecimiento de una Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales (IDE) para Europa, resulta muy conveniente proceder a una mejor coordinación de su obtención, que redunde en una optimización de los recursos económicos empleados y una mejora de la información obtenida a partir de ella por los distintos organismos de las Administraciones Españolas.[EN]The production and dissemination of geographic information in Spain by several agencies of the Spanish government is doubly decentralized, geographically and thematically. The situation suffers from a lack of coordination in the collection and dissemination of such information. In the case of aerospace images listed as one the benchmarks of the EU INSPIRE Directive for the establishment of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for Europe, it is very convenient to improve the coordination of collection, which results in an optimization of economic resources used and improved the information obtained from it by several agencies of the Spanish authorities.AGE y CCAAPeer reviewe

Creación de un Sistema de Información Geográfico de Ocupación del Suelo en España. PROYECTO SIOSE

Presentación en el XI Congreso Nacional de Teledetección celebrado en Tenerife en el 2005[ES]La Base de datos de ocupación del suelo Corine Land Cover ha resultado ser una información básica para el análisis espacial y territorial dentro de la Unión Europea. Fundamentándonos en el Corine Land Cover y la normativa INSPIRE de la U.E., se abordó en el 2005 la “Creación de un Sistema de Información Geográfico de Ocupación del Suelo en España a escala 1:25.000 (Proyecto SIOSE)” donde además se pretende aglutinar y armonizar los mapas de ocupación del suelo que vienen realizándose en nuestro país por la Administración General del Estado y las Comunidades Autónomas, permitiendo la provisión de información necesaria y oportuna para la obtención de indicadores de ocupación del territorio como soporte para la presente y futura política de Medioambiente, así como una herramienta fiable en la evaluación de las actuaciones llevadas a cabo en esta materia.En este trabajo se describe el proyecto nacional de generación del SIOSE dentro de un marco más amplio como es el Plan Nacional de Observación del Territorio, coordinado por el Instituto Geográfico Nacional del Ministerio de Fomento y en cooperación con la Agencia Europea de Medioambiente (AEMA), la Administración General del Estado y los diferentes Gobiernos Autonómicos. [EN]The database of land, Corine Land Cover, has proved basic information for the spatial and territorial analysed inside the European Union. Based on the Corine Land Cover and INSPIRE EU legislation, addressed in 2005 the "Creating a Geographic Information System Occupation of Land in Spain at 1:25.000 (SIOSE Project)" which also aims to bring together and harmonizing land cover maps that are currently taking place in our country by the Central Government and the Autonomous Communities, allowing the provision of information to obtain indicators of land occupation and support for existing and future policy Environment, as well as a reliable tool in assessing the actions undertaken in this area. This paper describes the national project SIOSE within a broader framework such as the National Monitoring Plan of the Territory, coordinated by the National Geographic Institute of the Ministry of Development and in cooperation with the European Environment Agency (EEA) The General Administration and the various regional governments.AGE y CCAAPeer reviewe

Late Quaternary glacial phases in the Iberian Peninsula

The only glaciers existing today in the Iberian Peninsula are small features located in the Pyrenees, though their number and extension has undergone significant changes over the Late Quaternary. The wide range of glacial landforms and deposits distributed across different Iberian ranges suggests the occurrence of several past periods with larger glacial systems. The objective of this research is to summarize the current knowledge on the spatial and temporal patterns of glacial activity in the Iberian mountains during the Late Quaternary. To this purpose, the chronological framework was divided in six periods: glaciations prior to the Last Glacial Cycle (Middle Pleistocene), Last Glacial Cycle (Late Pleistocene), Termination-1, Holocene, Little Ice Age (LIA) and present-day. The data were geographically divided considering the mountain systems where glacial evidence exists: Pyrenees, Cantabrian Range, NW ranges, Central Range, Iberian Range and Sierra Nevada. During Quaternary cold stages, ice accumulated in the head valleys of these mountain ranges and glaciers flowed down-valleys. In all cases, glaciers remained confined within the mountain systems and did not reach the surrounding lowlands. Depending on the combination of temperatures and moisture conditions, more or less ice was stored. In some ranges, there is evidence of Middle Pleistocene glaciations, one potentially correlating with marine isotope stage (MIS) 12 and another correlating with MIS 6 with glaciation dated to ca. 130-170 ka. However, most of the glacial records correspond to the Last Glacial Cycle and subsequent Termination. The maximum glacial expansion of this last Pleistocene glaciation stage occurred well before the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) between 30 and 60 ka in the Cantabrian Mountains and Pyrenees, at ca. 30 ka in Sierra Nevada and NW ranges, and (almost) synchronously to the LGM in the Central Range and Iberian Range. A massive glacial retreat occurred in all ranges at 19-20 ka, but the long-term deglaciation process was interrupted by cold intervals, such as the Oldest and Younger Dryas, which favoured glacial expansion in the highest mountains. Temperature increase recorded during the Holocene conditioned the melting of glaciers, which only reappeared in the highest massifs during the coldest periods, such as the LIA. However, post-LIA warming led to glacier disappearance in the Cantabrian Mountains, Sierra Nevada and most massifs of the Pyrenees, together with an accelerated shrinkage of the small glaciers still existing in this range at elevations near 3000 m.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y CompetitividadFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaOrganismo Autónomo Parques NacionalesDepto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEpu

El sistema educativo español 2000

El objetivo del informe es proporcionar una visión de conjunto de la educación en España, que no pretende ser exhaustiva en ninguno de los aspectos abordados, pero sí describirlos con el detalle suficiente como para que la información proporcionada sea útil. El libro está organizado en tres grandes bloques de contenidos. En primer lugar se presentan cinco capítulos que abordan el contexto y los aspectos globales del sistema educativo. El segundo bloque recoge las distintas enseñanzas, etapas y niveles que comprende el sistema Educativo. El tercer y último bloque incluye los diferentes factores clave del sistema educativo.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]