Eesti keele aspekti väljendusvõimalusi vene keele taustal

http://www.ester.ee/record=b2004821~S1*es

Setting the boundaries: Partitive verbs in Estonian verb classifications

The paper examines a class of Estonian transitive verbs referred to as ‘partitive verbs’: verbs that appear with partitive-marked objects. This class is more heterogeneous than previously assumed. Firstly, there are verbs that cannot have total (accusative) objects. Secondly, there are verbs that can have total objects in lexically restricted combinations. Thirdly, some verbs combine freely with a boundarymarking element. Finally, there is a group of less studied verbs that normally represent unbounded situations but nevertheless allow total object marking if the context highlights the boundary of a situation or result. We clarify the conditions of partitive verbs appearing with total objects, hoping to enhance Estonian L2 instruction and lexicography. *** "Piiride seadmisest: partitiivverbid eesti verbiklassifikatsioonides" Artiklis vaatleme eesti keele transitiivverbide klassifikatsioonides partitiivverbideks liigitatud verbe, keskendudes nn pehmetele partitiivverbidele. Kasutusnäidetest ilmneb, et pehmete partitiivverbide näol on tegemist heterogeensema verbiklassiga, kui on eelnevate uurimuste alusel järeldatud. Täiustame seniseid klassifikatsioone eesmärgiga täpsustada verbide esitust eesti keele õppesõnaraamatuis. Eristame partitiivverbide klassi, mis tüüpjuhtudel väljendavad tulemuseta ja piiritlemata situatsioone, ent esinevad siiski ka totaalobjektiga, kui diskursuse kontekst tõstab esile situatsiooni piirid ja tulemuse

Newman et la Bible Newman and the Bible

After his conversion in 1816, the young Newman was under the influence of evangelical teaching. He considered the Bible literally as the infallible Word of God, the only source of authority for the Christian in matters of doctrine and conduct. When he became a fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, he was taught by Hawkins, the Provost, that Christian doctrine is to be found in the traditions, creeds and formularies of the Church, the role of Scripture being confined to proving doctrine. It is clear that he did not adopt that view immediately. A close study of his unpublished sermons shows that the authority of the Bible kept its full sway over him for a long time to come. It was only on the eve of the Oxford Movement, in 1832, that he integrated Hawkins’ teaching. From then on, Newman’s spiritual itinerary was to be a quest for a final authority that would complement the Bible. On the other hand, confronted with the challenge posed by Science to Holy Scripture, he took a stand in a sermon of 1826 that he was to keep to the end of his life. He felt that there is no need to try and reconcile the Bible and Science. First because revealed religion has its own evidence, that is at least as strong as that of Science, second because scientific knowledge is so subject to change that it would be wasting one’s time and degrading to go about trying to accommodate religion to the theories of Science

Investigação dos mecanismos de reação de H2O, HF e sarin com hidróxidos lamelares por cálculos ab initio

Layered hydroxides, including brucite-like compounds and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), present numerous applications due to their properties such as: high thermal stability, ion exchange capacity, porosity and high surface area, electrochemistry, photochemistry and others. The capacity of adsorption and ion exchange presented by these materials make them to be widely used in the removal of anionic species and contaminants. Thus, for example, such materials can be used in the removal of excess fluoride from drinking water, because fluoride in excess can cause dental or skeletal fluorosis, and degradation of nerve agents, like organophosphates that attack the nervous system. This work presents a detailed study of the reactions H2O, HF and sarin with layered hydroxides. Therefore, were used ab initio calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) with periodic boundary conditions and the CI-NEB method (Climbing Image – nudging Elastic band) to calculate the reaction path and the energetic barrier for each reaction involved in the process. The reaction of HF was based on a proposed mechanism consisting of four elementary steps: the adsorption of HF on the surface of hydroxides, the dissociation of adsorbed HF, the desorption of water molecule formed in the dissociation reaction and the formation of the compound M(OH)2−xFx. The results show that the formation of the compound M(OH)2−xFx is spontaneous. This result agrees with experimental works, that predicts as stable the compound formed by replacing OH- by F- in layered hydroxides. Two proposals were analyzed for the formation of hydroxyl on the surface of layered hydroxides. In the first proposal a hydroxyl of the hydroxide lamella migrates to the surface and in the second proposal a water molecule dissociates on the surface of the hydroxides, forming a water molecule and hydroxyl adsorbed on the surface; the latter proposal is more favorable according to the calculations performed. The previous studies were necessary steps for the central goal of the thesis: to study the deactivation of the nerve agent sarin. In the deactivation process of the nerve agent sarin intermediates formed by dissociation and chemisorption of the agent on the surface of brucite were studied. Based on the results of the three cases studied it could be checked that the deactivation reaction of the agent sarin using brucite is thermodynamically more stable than the hydrolysis reaction. Moreover, it appears that water can participate in the deactivation process as a catalyst. This study has happened into the ambit of the Pro-Defense program of the Defense Menistry in conjunction with the CAPES.Os hidróxidos lamelares, dentre os quais se incluem os compostos tipo brucita e os hidróxidos duplos lamelares (HDL), apresentam inúmeras aplicações devido às suas propriedades, tais como: alta estabilidade térmica, capacidade de troca iônica, porosidade e elevada área específica, eletroquímicas, fotoquímicas e outras. A capacidade de adsorção e troca iônica apresentada por estes compostos faz com que estes materiais sejam amplamente utilizados na remoção de espécies aniônicas e contaminantes. Assim, por exemplo, tais materiais podem ser usados na remoção do excesso de fluoreto de água potável, pois fluoreto em excesso pode causar fluorose esquelética ou dental, e na desativação de agentes neurotóxicos, organofosforados que atacam o sistema nervoso. O presente trabalho, apresenta um estudo detalhado dos mecanismos de reação de H2O, HF e sarin com hidróxidos lamelares. Para tanto, foram utilizados cálculos ab initio baseados na Teoria do Funcional da Densidade com condições de contorno e o método CI-NEB (Climbing Image-Nudging Elastic Band) para calcular o caminho de reação e a barreira energética de cada reação envolvida nos processos. A reação de HF foi baseada num mecanismo proposto composto por quatro reações elementares: a adsorção de HF sobre a superfície dos hidróxidos, a dissociação do HF adsorvido, a dessorção da molécula de água formada na reação de dissociação e a formação do composto M(OH)2−xFx. Os resultados mostram que a formação do composto M(OH)2−xFx é espontânea. Este resultado está de acordo com trabalhos experimentais, que prevêem como estável o composto formado pela substituição de OH- por F- em hidróxidos lamelares. Foram analisadas duas propostas para a formação de hidroxila sobre a superfície de hidróxidos lamelares. Na primeira uma hidroxila da própria lamela do hidróxido migra para a superfície e na segunda uma molécula de água se dissocia sobre a superfície do hidróxido, formando uma molécula de água e hidroxila adsorvidas na superfície, sendo esta última proposta mais favorável segundo os cálculos realizados. Os trabalhos anteriores foram etapas necessárias para o objetivo central da tese: estudar a desativação do agente neurotóxico sarin. No processo de desativação do sarin foram estudados intermediários formados pela dissociação e quimissorção do agente sobre a superfície da brucita. Com base nos resultados dos três processos estudados pôde-se verificar que a reação de desativação do agente sarin utilizando a brucita é termodinamicamente mais estável do que a reação de hidrólise. Além disso, verificou-se que a água pode participar do processo de desativação como um catalisador. Tal estudo está no âmbito do Programa Pró-Defesa do ministério da Defesa em conjunto com a CAPES.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Articuler les niveaux territoriaux de l'action publique (la politique de sécurisation du territoire contre les incendies de forêts)

Les modes d organisation pour protéger les forêts contre les incendies en France sont extrêmement diversifiées. En partant d une étude empirique des pratiques d organisation de la sécurité forestière dans quatre départements, l'objet de la thèse est de rendre compte des dynamiques collectives qui sont à l œuvre localement. Elles sont au nombre de trois : un processus de couplage entre les stratégies des maîtres d ouvrages locaux et l offre de prévention par les organismes financeurs ; un processus de saisie politique de l enjeu feu de forêt au sein d enjeux de gouvernance du territoire ; et enfin un processus de bureaucratisation de la gestion du feu. Le feu ne constitue donc pas le problème autour duquel se nouent les relations entre les acteurs. La sécurisation du territoire contre les incendies de forêts ne devient une préoccupation que dans la mesure où elle se superpose à ces trois enjeux qui, eux, structurent les rapports quotidiens entre les acteurs impliqués dans la prévention. Le principal problème de cette politique ne réside pas dans la coordination entre les diverses professions et institutions impliquées sur un territoire donné (les forestiers, les sapeurs-pompiers, les collectivités territoriales, l Etat etc. à l échelle d un département par exemple). En effet, les relations structurantes sont celles qui mettent en rapport les acteurs de niveaux territoriaux différents, notamment le niveau local avec le niveau départemental et le niveau départemental avec le niveau national. C est dans les différents modes d articulation entre les niveaux territoriaux de l action publique que la politique nationale prend sa signification, son contenu et sa forme.In France, the organisational strategies to safeguard forests against fires are extremely varied. Using as its starting point an empirical study of the organisational patterns of forest safety policies in four French Départements, the present dissertation aims at depcting the collective strategies applied locally. Three have been identified: a process combining the action of local operators and the supply of preventive action by funding organisations; a process initiated by a political awareness of the question of fire prevention as part of the issues to be tackled in national and local governance; and, finally, a process of bureaucratisation of fire hazards management. It is clear then that fire in itself is not the issue about which the actors establish their relationships. Securing national, regional and local territories against forest fires becomes a matter of interest only so far as it relates to those three processes which constitute the basis of the daily interactions between the protagonists involved in hazard prevention. The chief problem this policy poses has little to do with the coordination between the different professions and institutions involved in a given territory (foresters, fire fighters, regional authorities, government etc. at the level of a department, for instance). For the structuring relationships are those in which the actors of different territorial levels interact, especially the local level with that of the Départment and the Départment, with the national level. It is in the different modes of interaction between the three territorial levels public action that the national policy acquires its significance, its contents and its overall shape.PARIS-Fondation Sci.Politiques (751072303) / SudocSudocFranceF

Conflit et processus de paix en Irlande du Nord (le point de vue des participants)

NANTERRE-BU PARIS10 (920502102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le Royaume-Uni : économie et société / Paul Vaiss

Collection : Le Monde poche. SynthèseCollection : Le Monde pocheContient une table des matièresAvec mode text

External bone remodeling after injectable calcium-phosphate cement in benign bone tumor: Two cases in the hand

Bone remodeling commonly occurred after fracture and curettage benign bone tumor. A lot of previous articles reported "internal" trabecular bone remodeling. There were no previous clinical reports about "external" cortical bone remodeling. We present here 2 clinical cases of "external" bone remodeling after injectable calcium-phosphate in benign bone tumor in the hand. In two cases of benign bone tumor, we performed complete removal of the tumor and immediate filling of the metacarpal bone with injectable calcium-phosphate cement Arexbone® from the mechanical viewpoint. With respect to the shape of the calcium-phosphate, by using an injection-type, calcium-phosphate is adhered uniformly to the bone cortex by injecting, remodeling has been promoted. After 5 and 8years, both cases were no recurrences, and the shape of the metacarpal looked close to the contralateral side. These findings supposed to be concerned with potential self-healing and self-protection mechanism in human body