Prävalenz von Alkoholkonsum, Alkoholmißbrauch und -abhängigkeit bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen

Alkoholkonsum beginnt häufig bereits im Jugendalter. Allerdings fehlen bisher Erkenntnisse darüber, ob, wie häufig und aufgrund welcher Merkmale Jugendlichen und junge Erwachsene auch bereits klinisch definierte Mißbrauchs- und Abhängigkeitsdiagnosen entwickeln. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Untersuchung an 3021 Jugendlichen im Alter von 14-24 Jahren vorgestellt. Neben der Prävalenz von Alkoholmißbrauch und -abhängigkeit nach DSM-IV werden Daten zur Häufigkeit und Menge des Alkoholkonsums berichtet sowie erste Symptome beschrieben. 9,7% der befragten Jugendlichen erhielten aufgrund von DSM-IV-Kriterien eine Mißbrauchsdiagnose, 6,2% eine Abhängigkeitsdiagnose. Bei männlichen Jugendlichen war die Prävalenz wesentlich höher als bei weiblichen. Die Prävalenz war in den älteren Geburtskohorten höher. Als erstes Missbrauchssymptom trat am häufigsten "Gebrauch mit körperlicher Gefährdung" (91,9%), als erstes Abhängigkeitssymptom "Toleranzentwicklung" (34,3%) auf. Erste diagnostische Kriterien einer Alkoholstörung traten zumeist deutlich vor dem 18. Lebensjahr auf. Diese Daten unterstreichen, daß Alkoholmißbrauch und -abhängigkeit bereits im Jugend- und frühen Erwachsenenalter häufig sind.Alcohol use frequently begins in adolescence. However, only few studies have reported the prevalence of alcohol abuse disorders in adolescents. This paper reports results from a representative study in a sample of 3021 adolescents, aged 14-24 years. The Prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence according to DSM-IV criteria, as well as the prevalence, frequency and quantity of alcohol abuse and a description of the first occuring symptoms, are presented here. Alcohol abuse was reported by 9.7% of respondents and alcohol dependence by 6.2%. Males were more likely to report an alcohol disorder than females, and the prevalence also increased in the older age cohorts. The most frequent initial symptoms were "hazardous use" (91.9%) for abuse and "tolerance" (34.3%) for dependence. First symptoms have been shown to occur long before the age of 18. These results show that even in adolescents and young adults alcohol abuse and dependence are frequent disorders

Structure, Content and Reliability of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) Substance Use Sections

After reviewing currently available diagnostic assessment instruments for substance use disorders this paper describes the format and structure of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) substance disorder section. In addition, the test-retest reliability of diagnoses and criteria for nicotine, alcohol, illegal and prescription drugs, is reported. Findings obtained in community sample of adolescents and young adults indicate that the substance section is acceptable for almost all types of respondents, efficient in terms of time and ease of administration as well as reliable in terms of consistency of findings over time. The test-retest reliability over a period of an average of 1 month, as examined by two independent interviewers indicates good-to-excellent kappa values for all substance disorders assessed, with significant kappa values ranging between 0.55 for drug abuse and 0.83 for alcohol abuse. There was also fairly consistently high agreement for the assessment of single DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for abuse and dependence as well as the M-CIDI quantity-frequency and time-related questions. To conclude, although – unlike previous studies – this study was conducted in a community sample and not in patients and used considerably longer time intervals of more than a month between investigations, our M-CIDI reliability findings are at least as high as those from previous studies

Screening the Expression of ABCB6 in Erythrocytes Reveals an Unexpectedly High Frequency of Lan Mutations in Healthy Individuals

Lan is a high-incidence blood group antigen expressed in more than 99.9% of the population. Identification of the human ABC transporter ABCB6 as the molecular basis of Lan has opened the way for studies assessing the relation of ABCB6 function and expression to health and disease. To date, 34 ABCB6 sequence variants have been described in association with reduced ABCB6 expression based on the genotyping of stored blood showing weak or no reactivity with anti-Lan antibodies. In the present study we examined the red blood cell (RBC) surface expression of ABCB6 by quantitative flow cytometry in a cohort of 47 healthy individuals. Sequencing of the entire coding region of the ABCB6 gene in low RBC ABCB6 expressors identified a new allele (IVS9+1G>A, affecting a putative splice site at the boundary of exon 9) and two nonsynonymous SNPs listed in the SNP database (R192Q (rs150221689) and G588 S (rs145526996)). The R192Q mutation showed co-segregation with reduced RBC ABCB6 expression in a family, and we found the G588 S mutation in a compound heterozygous individual with undetectable ABCB6 expression, suggesting that both mutations result in weak or no expression of ABCB6 on RBCs. Analysis of the intracellular expression pattern in HeLa cells by confocal microscopy indicated that these mutations do not compromise overall expression or the endolysosomal localization of ABCB6. Genotyping of two large cohorts, containing 235 and 1039 unrelated volunteers, confirmed the high allele frequency of Lan-mutations. Our results suggest that genetic variants linked to lower or absent cell surface expression of ABCB6/Langereis may be more common than previously thought.This work was supported by the Lendulet Program of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (GS), OTKA 83533 and by the Polish POIG grant 01.01.02-10-005/08 TESTOPLEK, supported by the EU through the European Regional Development Fund. Hajnalka Andrikovics is a recipient of the Janos Bolyai Research Scholarship from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We thank Dr. Camilo Toro and Dr. William Gahl of the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program for an affected patient specimen; that work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute and the Office of the Director of the NIH. We thank Lionel Arnaud (National Institute of Blood Transfusion (INTS), Paris, France) for helpful discussions

The Technical Processing in SmartKom Data Collection: a Case Study

This paper dicusses the specific technical features and processing steps of the multimodal data collection in the SmartKom project . It gives an overview of the goals of the project and the requirements to the multimodal corpus. The processing steps from the data recording to the final distribution of the data are detailed. We focus on the problem of recording temporal synchronous data from different sources and present our manual synchronization process based on standard software and hardware. In addition, we describe shortly the logistic system for organizing the working teams and managing the processing of the data

The Technical Processing in SmartKom Data Collection: a Case Study

This paper dicusses the specific technical features and processing steps of the multimodal data collection in the SmartKom project . It gives an overview of the goals of the project and the requirements to the multimodal corpus. The processing steps from the data recording to the final distribution of the data are detailed. We focus on the problem of recording temporal synchronous data from different sources and present our manual synchronization process based on standard software and hardware. In addition, we describe shortly the logistic system for organizing the working teams and managing the processing of the data

Produktgestaltung in der Partikeltechnologie. Bd.8: 22. und 23. Juni 2017, Achat Plaza, Karlsruhe

Disperse Systeme und partikuläre Materialien zeichnen sich durch eine besondere Vielfalt und Komplexität aus. Durch die Variation des Eigenschaftsprofils von Partikeln bietet die Produktgestaltung die Möglichkeit, für die jeweilige Anwendung maßgeschneiderte partikuläre Systeme zur Verfügung zu stellen. Somit ist die Produktgestaltung als eine Disziplin mit ausgeprägtem interdisziplinärem Charakter, die enorme Chancen zur Produktverbesserung und -modifizierung bietet

The SmartKom Multimodal Corpus at BAS

In this contribution we announce and describe in detail the new multimodal corpus evolving from the publicly funded German SmartKom project. The first release of the corpus (BAS SK-P 1.0) has been finished end of 2001 and will be ready for distribution to the scientific community in July 2002. The SmartKom corpus will be the first of a new generation of Language Resources (LR) designed for a more or less complete data gathering of human-machine communication combining acoustic, visual and tactile input and output modalities. Since the funding of about EU 2 Mio for this LR is 100% public, the corpus will be available without royalties via the Bavarian Archive for Speech Signals (BAS) at the University of Munich

Integration of Multi-modal Data and Annotations into a Simple Extendable Form: the Extension of the BAS Partitur Format

Multi-modal resources typically consist of very different data in terms of content and format. This paper discusses a practical solution for the integration of different physical signals as well as associated symbolic data into a common framework. There are ongoing efforts like for instance the ISLE project to develop guidelines and best-of-practice for the standardized representation of such data collections. Since these efforts have not yet converged into a widely accepted concept, we suggest as a starting point to use two different already existing frameworks that can be easily combined for this purpose: The QuickTime format for the handling of synchronized multi-modal signals and the (extended) BAS Partitur Format for the handling of all symbolic data. We can show that with this simple approach it is already possible to integrate the rather complex data streams of the SmartKom Corpus into an easy-to-use format that will be distributed via the Bavarian Archive for Speech Signals (BAS) starting in July 2002