AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FORMULASI MASKER GEL PEEL OFF DARI PATI BERAS HITAM (Oryza sativa L. indica)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pati beras hitam (Oryza sativa L. indica) dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan masker gel peel off dan menguji aktivitas antioksidannya. Formula dibuat dalam beberapa konsentrasi yaitu F1 (5% pati beras hitam), F2 (10% pati beras hitam), F3 (15% pati beras hitam), dan F4 (15% pati beras hitam tanpa pengawet). Evaluasi terhadap sediaan masker gel peel off meliputi pemeriksaan sifat fisik sediaan (organoleptis, homogenitas, cycling test, daya sebar, waktu kering, uji iritasi, dan pengukuran pH ) serta dilakukannya uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masker gel peel off berwarna ungu dan berbau khas dengan pH (4,5-4,7), waktu sediaan mengering 16-21 menit, daya sebar 5,3-5,8 cm, cycling test yang homogen dan tidak mengiritasi kulit sukarelawan. Pengujian antioksidan pati beras hitam menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dari sediaan tergolong kelompok intensitas sangat lemah. Sebagai kesimpulan, pati beras hitam dapat diformulasikan dalam sediaan masker gel peel off berdasarkan evaluasi sifat fisik tetapi aktivitas antioksidan terhadap radikal bebas DPPH tergolong sangat lemah dengan nilai IC50 yaitu 650,257 µg/mL Kata Kunci : Pati beras hitam, Masker gel peel off, Antioksidan

IMPROVEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE OF VALSARTAN BY SOLID DISPERSION SYSTEM USING D(−) MANNITOL

ABSTRACTObjective: To improve dissolution rate of valsartan from solid dispersion system of valsartan and D(−) mannitol using co-grinding approach.Methods: Valsartan solid dispersion with different ratio of D(−) mannitol (1:1; 1:3 and 1: 5) were prepared by co-grinding method. Solid statecharacterization of the solid dispersion system was evaluated in term of crystallographic properties (powder X-ray diffraction), thermal behavior(differential scanning calorimetry [DSC]) and morphology (scanning electron microscope). The profile of dissolution rate was examined using USPdissolution apparatus type I at a temperature of 37±0.5°C.Results: Based on thermal analysis DSC and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, valsartan was transformed from semicrystalline phase to amorphousstate as indicated by the disappearance of its melting endothermic peaks and the characteristic diffraction peaks. The in vitro dissolution rate studyrevealed that all solid dispersion system showed significant increase in dissolution rate compared with the intact valsartan.Conclusion: Solid dispersion of valsartan with D(−) mannitol prepared by co-grinding technique has successfully improved the dissolution ratecompared with intact valsartan.Keywords: Valsartan, D(−) mannitol, Solid dispersion, Co-grinding, Dissolution rate

ISOLATION OF Salmonella typhoid 16s rRNA GENE FRAGMENT BASED ON POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

Iridescent is one of the traditional fish fermentation products that has a sour taste and is widely known in various regions of Indonesia. In its metabolism LAB produces organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, CO2 and bacteriocin. These compounds are antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and bacterial decomposition. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity produced by lactic acid bacteria isolates from catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) inhibiting the growth of Escherecia coli. From iridescent obtained 9 isolates that have different characteristics from each other by the morphology of LAB isolate colonies which include colony color, colony shape, colony elevation and colony margin. After production of antibacterial, all isolates showed positive result when antibacterial tested againts Escherecia coli either in acidic condition or neutralized

Formulation of Mucoadhesive Ketoprofen Granule Using Chitosan Polymer

The aim of this research was to formulate of mucoadhesive ketoprofen granules using chitosan polymer. Ketoprofen granules were prepared by wet granulation method with several concentrations of chitosan polymer 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (w/v). Granules were evaluated physically and chemically. In vitro dissolution test was carried out for 6 hours using a basket method in buffer phosphate medium pH 7.4. General evaluation of granules showed the yield was relatively good. In vitro mucoadhesive test exhibited that mucoadhesive ketoprofen granules using chitosan polymer could provide mucoadhesive properties to stomach and intestinal of rabbits. The statistics tests for dissolution efficiency with one ways ANOVA (SPSS 17) showed a significant different among F0, F1, F2 and F3 (P0.05). All the formulas followed Langenbucher kinetic release model

THE EFFECT OF BROMELAIN MICROCAPSUL FORMULATION ON LEUKOCYTE AND TNF-α LEVEL IN MALE WHITE MICE INDUCED BY H5N1 VACCINE

Objective: Bromelain is a sulfhydryl proteolytic enzyme extracted from the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus. L), which has various activities, including as an immunomodulator. Microencapsulation of bromelain is a process by which a layer surrounds bromelain to produce microcapsules to increase its activity. This research intends to see the effect of bromelain microcapsule formulation on total leukocytes count, leukocyte percentage, and the levels of TNF-α in male white mice exposed to the H5N1 Vaccine. Methods: Experimental animals were divided into three groups, specifically a negative control group given Na CMC 0.5%, the comparison group given 200 mg/kgBW bromelain enzyme, and the test group given 200 mg/kgBW bromelain microcapsules for seven days orally. On the eighth day, the total amount and the percentage of leukocytes and the levels of TNF-α were counted. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test (p<0.05). Results: The study showed that the administration of 200 mg/kgBW bromelain microcapsule group significantly reduced total leukocyte count and increased the segmented neutrophil compared to the bromelain group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the two groups in reducing monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and TNF-α levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that providing bromelain microcapsules can reduce the total amount of leukocytes and increase the segmented neutrophil in male white mice exposed to the H5N1 Vaccine

Perancangan Sistem Kontrolling Peralatan Rumah Berbasis Mikrokontroller Nodemcu ESP8266

Technology is developing rapidly at this time, along with the development of this technology, there is an impact, and currently household electrical appliances can be controlled digitally, of course this development can make it easier for users to operate household electrical appliances. Currently the system being developed is a smart home. Control on this smart home electronic equipment can be done using a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, controlling using a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller can be controlled with the Blynk platform and can be controlled remotely. This home appliance control system can make it easier for users to control household electronic equipment such as fans, lights, rice cookers and irons. So that it can reduce the waste of electricity when users forget to turn off household electronic equipment, and when users are outside the house. This system uses NodeMCU ESP8266 which functions as a controller and a liaison between hardware and software which is controlled through the blynk application as a platform used by users to control household appliances. The design of this system has several advantages, namely the use of a light sensor module to regulate dim power and brightness, when the light in the room is dim, the lights will automatically turn on, and when the light in the room is bright, the lights will automatically turn off, and the DHT11 sensor is used to read the temperature. room, when the room condition is more or equal to 32 ℃ then the fan will automatically turn on and when the room condition is below 32 ℃ the fan will automatically turn off. The results of the temperature sensor test, the difference between the temperature sensor and the comparison temperature before the calibration has an error of 1.3%, and after calibrating the temperature sensor and the comparison temperature have the smallest error of 0.3% and the largest error is 2.9%, and have an average 1.1% error rate

Pengembangan dan Validasi Metoda Disolusi Tablet Salut Enterik Ketoprofen

Tablet salut enterik Ketoprofen adalah obat yang beredar luas di  Indonesia. Digunakan  untuk mengatasi nyeri arthiritis tulang, rematik dan demam. Namun, sejauh ini uji disolusinya secara spesifik belum tersedia dalam farmakope manapun.  Uji disolusi termasuk parameter yang harus diperhatikan untuk mengetahui kualitas produk obat sediaan padat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  mengembangkan dan memvalidasi metode pegujian disolusi dari tablet salut enterik ketoprofen. Profil disolusi diamati terhadap 3 produk tablet salut enterik ketoprofen yang beredar di kota Padang. Uji disolusi dilakukan dua tahap menggunakan 750 mL larutan HCl 0,1 N ( tahap asam) dan 1000 mL larutan dapar fosfat pH 6,8 dan 7,4 (tahap basa), alat tipe 1 (keranjang) dan tipe 2 (dayung) kecepatan 50 dan 75 rpm. Hasil uji disolusi selanjutnya ditentukan secara spektrofotometri UV. Metoda uji disolusi  hyperdiscriminating  diperoleh pada uji disolusi menggunakan alat tipe 1,  kecepatan rotasi 75 rpm dan  media disolusi 1000 mL dapar fosfat pH 6,8 dengan nilai Q45 ≥ 75%. Spesifiitas, linieritas  (r = 0,9988), presisi (RSD = 1,12%) dan akurasi (recoveri = 95,7 - 97,6%)  memenuhi syarat keberterimaan sesuai pedoman ICH dan USP. Uji disolusi yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan untuk tujuan pengawasan mutu tablet salut enterik ketoprofen .

Validasi Metoda Analisis Penetapan Kadar Ketoprofen pada Tablet Salut Enterik secara Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi dan Spektrofotometri UV

Ketoprofen yang beredar di Indonesia sebagian besar dalam bentuk sediaan tablet salut enterik, tetapi metoda analisis untuk penetapan kadar dan uji disolusinya belum tersedia dalam farmakope.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  mengembangkan metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) dan spektrofotometri ultraviolet visibel (UV) untuk  melakukan analisis tablet salut enterik ketoprofen. Penetapan kadar  dan keseragaman kandungan ketoprofen tablet salut enterik ditentukan secara KCKT isokratik fase terbalik yang telah divalidasi menggunakan kolom reverse phase (RP-18 ) (250 x 4,6 mm) diameter partikel 5 µm, fase gerak metanol-dapar fosfat 13 mM pH 6,5 perbandingan 60:40 v/v, laju alir 1,0 mL/menit dan detektor UV 258 nm. Spesifisitas, linieritas, akurasi, dan presisi  memenuhi persyaratan International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Metode KCKT memberikan lineritas yang sangat baik (r > 0,999) pada rentang konsentrasi 15 – 35 µg/mL, presisi dinyatakan dalam persen deviasi standar relative (% RSD 99,97%). Metode KCKT lebih sensitif dibandingkan metode spektrofotometri UV, dengan nilai LOD masing-masing adalah 0,18 dan 0,67 µg/mL serta LOQ 1,20 dan 2,49 µg/mL.  Hasil validasi dan uji penetapan kadar ketoprofen pada tablet salut enterik dengan metode KCKT tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV (P>0,05

Solid Dispersion System Candesartan-cilexetil Mannitol Co-Grinding Method

Research on solid dispersion systems had been done to improve physicochemical characteristics and the dissolution rate of candesartan-cilexetil a had been conducted. Candesartan cilexetil is included in BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) class II, which has low solubility and high permeability which causes poor absorption of drugs in the digestive tract. Solid dispersions were prepared through the grinding method using mannitol. The formula with 3 comparisons between candesartan-cilexetil and mannitol 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. A mixture of physics of candesartan cilexetil-mannitol was made without a solid dispersions system which was 1:1 as a comparison. Solid dispersion formed was characterized by particle size distribution analysis, Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), determination rate, and dissolution test. The result particle size distribution analysis showed grinding method there were solid dispersions mixed perfectly. The FT-IR of this analysis showed no interaction between candesartan-cilexetil mannitol in solid dispersion powder. The result of X-ray diffraction showed a decrease in crystallization degree. The DSC result showed a shift in endothermic peak candesartan-cilexetil. The manufacture of a solid dispersion system of candesartan-cilexetil mannitol can improve the physicochemical characteristics and the dissolution rate of candesartan-cilexetil compared with physical mixtures. The result in the dissolution was solid dispersion 1 = 53.1990 %, solid dispersion 2 = 54.3621 %, and solid dispersion 3 = 62.3621 %. The statistical result of dissolution efficiency using the Kruskal-Willis test with significant = 0.009(< 0.05) showed the difference among the dissolution efficiency of candesartan-cilexetil, physical mixture, and each solid dispersion