Projekt SYSTEM jako příklad mezinárodního využití ICT v přípravě učitelů přírodovědy

Článek se zabývá problematikou mezinárodních projektů v přípravě přírodovědných učitelů s využitím ICT.Článek se zabývá problematikou mezinárodních projektů v přípravě přírodovědných učitelů s využitím ICT.The paper deals with problematics of international projects in science teacher training using ICT

Update on the role of Rifaximin in digestive diseases

© Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.Various environmental factors affecting the human microbiota may lead to gut microbial imbalance and to the development of pathologies. Alterations of gut microbiota have been firmly implicated in digestive diseases such as hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. However, while these three conditions may all be related to dysfunction of the gut-liver-brain axis, the precise pathophysiology appears to differ somewhat for each. Herein, current knowledge on the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome, and diverticular disease are reviewed, with a special focus on the gut microbiota modulation associated with these disorders during therapy with rifaximin. In general, the evidence for the efficacy of rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy appears to be well consolidated, although it is less supported for irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. We reviewed current clinical practice for the management of these clinical conditions and underlined the desirability of more real-world studies to fully understand the potential of rifaximin in these clinical situations and obtain even more precise indications for the use of the drug.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis in Europe: Clinical Profile and Response to Treatment.

Background and aimsAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an immune-mediated disease of the pancreas with distinct pathophysiology and manifestations. Our aims were to characterize type 1 AIP in a large pan-European cohort and study the effectiveness of current treatment regimens.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed adults diagnosed since 2005 with type 1 or not-otherwise-specified AIP in 42 European university hospitals. Type 1 AIP was uniformly diagnosed using specific diagnostic criteria. Patients with type 2 AIP and those who had undergone pancreatic surgery were excluded. The primary endpoint was complete remission, defined as the absence of clinical symptoms and resolution of the index radiological pancreatic abnormalities attributed to AIP.ResultsWe included 735 individuals with AIP (69% male; median age 57 years; 85% White). Steroid treatment was started in 634 patients, of whom 9 (1%) were lost to follow-up. The remaining 625 had a 79% (496/625) complete, 18% (111/625) partial, and 97% (607/625) cumulative remission rate, while 3% (18/625) did not achieve remission. No treatment was given in 95 patients, who had a 61% complete (58/95), 19% partial (18/95), and 80% cumulative (76/95) spontaneous remission rate. Higher (≥0.4 mg/kg/day) corticosteroid doses were no more effective than lower ( 2 weeks (OR 0.908; 95%CI 0.818-1.009). Elevated IgG4 levels were independently associated with a decreased chance of complete remission (OR 0.639; 95%CI 0.427-0.955). Relapse occurred in 30% of patients. Relapses within 6 months of remission induction were independent of the steroid tapering duration, induction treatment duration, and total cumulative dose.ConclusionPatients with type 1 AIP and elevated IgG4 level may need closer monitoring. For remission induction, a starting dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks followed by a short taper period seems effective. This study provides no evidence to support more aggressive regimens

Płacz i śmiech jako podpora krytyki Szwajcarii w sztuce Zwanzigtausend Seiten Lukasa Bärfussa

Im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags steht das bis jetzt wenig erforschte Theaterstück Zwanzigtausend Seiten des Schweizer Dramatikers Lukas Bärfuss. Die Kritik an der Schweizer Gesellschaft wird unter dem Fokus der emotionalen Erscheinungen Lachen und Weinen dargestellt. Im ersten Schritt wird auf die Begriffe Weinen und Lachen aus biologischer sowie gesellschaftlicher Sicht eingegangen. Im Speziellen wird unterschieden, wie diese Phänomene mit dem Tragischen bzw. dem Komischen (fokussiert auf die emotionalen Äußerungen, die im Weinen und Lachen ihren Ausdruck finden) zusammenhängen und welche Rolle in dieser Wechselbeziehung die Vernunft spielt. Ferner wird auch der Bezug von Weinen und Lachen zur Empathie(losigkeit) der Gemeinschaft gegenüber dem Individuum näher betrachtet und an konkreten Textpassagen festgemacht. Die Leitthese dieser Abhandlung lautet: Man kann seine emotionalen Grenzen beliebig ausweiten, jedoch vermag weder Weinen noch Lachen den Strom des vorherrschenden Diskurses innerhalb einer Gesellschaft zu unterbrechen.Płacz i śmiech jako podpora krytyki Szwajcarii w sztuce Zwanzigtausend Seiten Lukasa Bärfussa Przedmiotem analizy są narzędzia krytyki społeczeństwa szwajcarskiego oparte na zjawiskach emocjonalnych – śmiechu i płaczu zastosowane w słabo dotychczas zbadanej sztuce Zwanzigtausend Seiten szwajcarskiego dramaturga Lukasa Bärfussa. W pierwszym kroku omawiane są pojęcia płaczu i śmiechu z perspektywy biologii i aspektów społecznych. Szczególnie podkreślony został związek tych fenomenów z kategoriami tragizmu i komizmu oraz zdefiniowana rola rozumu (Vernunft), jaką odgrywa on w tej wzajemnie warunkującej się relacji. Następnie zbadana została na konkretnych fragmentach tekstu relacja płaczu i śmiechu do empatii (lub jej braku) we wspólnocie wobec jednostki. Zgodnie z tezą artykułu, można dowolnie poszerzać własne granice emocjonalne, lecz ani płaczem ani śmiechem nie da się przerwać prądu dominującego dyskursu w społeczeństwie.The focus of this article is the little-explored play Twenty Thousand Pages by the Swiss playwright Lukas Bärfuss. The criticism of Swiss society is presented under the focus of the emo-tional manifestations of laughter and crying. The focus is on two main protagonists, Wüthrich and Tony. One weeps constantly in his hiding place over the negative attitude of Swiss society to its behavior during World War II. The other tries to make the serious allegations public through an amusing TV show. The following research questions are examined in this regard: Are the main characters Wüthrich and Tony to be understood as complementary oppositions, each of which can be equated with crying and laughing? For the same reason, have their efforts to criticize Swiss cop-ing with the past concerning the atrocities of the Second World War failed? What position does society take regarding these two individuals, and what role do crying and laughter play in this

Diabetes Mellitus in Pancreatic Cancer Patients in the Czech Republic: Sex Differences

Aims. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in pancreatic cancer patients and control subjects was compared. Methods. Retrospective evaluation of 182 pancreatic cancer patients and 135 controls. The presence of diabetes was evaluated and the time period between the diagnosis of diabetes and pancreatic cancer was assessed. A subanalysis based on patient sex was conducted. Results. Diabetes mellitus was present in 64 patients (35.2%) in pancreatic cancer group and in 27 patients (20.0%) in control group (χ2=8.709; P=0.003). In 18 patients (28.1% of diabetic pancreatic cancer patients) diabetes was new-onset. Diabetes was new-onset in 23.3% of females compared to 38.1% of males (χ2=1.537; P=0.215). The overall prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among female pancreatic cancer patients (25% versus 43.9%; χ2=7.070, P=0.008), while diabetes prevalence was equally represented in the control group patients (22.1% versus 17.2%; χ2=0.484, P=0.487). Conclusion. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in study group of pancreatic cancer patients was significantly higher when compared to control group. Pancreatic cancer patients with diabetes were predominantly females, while diabetes was equally prevalent among sexes in the control group. Therefore, patient sex may play important role in the risk stratification

Skin manifestations of pancreatic diseases

Although symptoms of pancreatic diseases such as pancreatitis, acute and chronic and, carcinoma of the pancreas are mainly gastrointestinal in nature, the extra-pancreatic symptoms are also important. These include skin symptoms, such as pancreatic panniculitis, acanthosis nigricans, livedo reticularis, necrolytic migratory erythema, cutaneous signs of hemorrhage, as in persons with severe acute pancreatitis, or the finding of cutaneous metastases of pancreatic carcinoma, which may be a sign of advanced disease. The pancreas is therefore one of those organs for which diagnosis and therapy are often multidisciplinary. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge of the possible skin manifestations of pancreatic disorders

The Use of Biomarkers in Early Diagnostics of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal solid malignancies with increasing incidence. The poor prognosis is due to the aggressive nature of the tumor, late detection, and the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A radical surgery procedure is the only treatment that has been shown to improve the 5-year survival rate to 20-25%. However, the majority of patients (80-85%) are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease and just 15-20% patients are diagnosed in an early stage allowing them to undergo the potentially curative surgical resection. The early detection of PDAC without the use of invasive methods is challenging and discovery of a cost-effective biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity could significantly improve the treatment and survival in these patients. In this review, we summarize current and newly examined biomarkers in early PDAC detection