15 research outputs found
Pengendali Motor Induksi 1 Fasa Dengan Metode PWM Sinusoida Berbasis Mikrokontroler 68HC11
Pada pengendalian motor induksi yang dilakukan secara konvensional tidak diperoleh
pengaturan yang kontinyu dan linier, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang pengendalian
motor induksi dengan teknik inverter. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pengembangan dan
evaluasi unjuk kerja pengendalian motor induksi satu fasa dengan metode PWM sunusoida
berbasis mikrokontroler. Pengendalian menggunakan rangkaian jembatan inverter jenis PWMVSI
(DC-Link inverter) dengan teknik modulasi PWM menggunakan mikrokontroler 68HC11E9,
dan diharapkan dapat menggerakkan motor induksi pada kecepatan yang berbeda-beda. Pada
penelitian ini digunakan motor induksi satu fasa Z-406, 220 Volt, 50-60 Hz, 125W. Penelitian
dimulai dengan pembuatan perangkat keras berupa inverter menggunakan MOSFET sebagai
komponen pensaklaran dan diteruskan dengan menyusun rangkaian penggerak inverter satu
fasa. Pola sinyal PWM sinusoida dibentuk dengan teknik perhitungan lima modulasi PWM yang
berbeda. Dari pola gelombang tersebut dibuat program pembangkit pulsa PWM satu fasa dan
perangkat pendukungnya. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan bentuk gelombang PWM
keluaran MCU, tegangan, arus keluaran inverter dan mengukur kecepatan putar motor untuk
lima indeks modulasi, yaitu (1), (0,81), (0,59), (0,37), dan (0,15). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa pengaturan kecepatan putar motor induksi untuk frekuensi tetap 50 Hz dengan 5 indeks
modulasi berbeda dengan metode PWM sinusoida berbasis mikrokontroler dapat
menghasilkan putaran motor yang bervariasi
Supplementary Methods S1 from Small birds, big effects: the little auk (<i>Alle alle</i>) transforms high Arctic ecosystems
In some arctic areas, marine-derived nutrients (MDN) resulting from fish migrations fuel freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, increasing primary production and biodiversity. Less is known, however, about the role of seabird-MDN in shaping ecosystems. Here, we examine how the most abundant seabird in the North Atlantic, the little auk (<i>Alle alle</i>), alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems around the North Water Polynya (NOW) in Greenland. We compare stable isotope ratios (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N and <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C) of freshwater and terrestrial biota, terrestrial vegetation indices and physical–chemical properties, productivity and community structure of fresh waters in catchments with and without little auk colonies. The presence of colonies profoundly alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems by providing nutrients and massively enhancing primary production. Based on elevated <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N in MDN, we estimate that MDN fuels more than 85% of terrestrial and aquatic biomass in bird influenced systems. Furthermore, by using different proxies of bird impact (colony distance, algal <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N) it is possible to identify a gradient in ecosystem response to increasing bird impact. Little auk impact acidifies the freshwater systems, reducing taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates and truncating food webs. These results demonstrate that the little auk acts as an ecosystem engineer, transforming ecosystems across a vast region of Northwest Greenland
R script Gonzalez Bergonzoni from Small birds, big effects: the little auk (<i>Alle alle</i>) transforms high Arctic ecosystems
In some arctic areas, marine-derived nutrients (MDN) resulting from fish migrations fuel freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, increasing primary production and biodiversity. Less is known, however, about the role of seabird-MDN in shaping ecosystems. Here, we examine how the most abundant seabird in the North Atlantic, the little auk (<i>Alle alle</i>), alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems around the North Water Polynya (NOW) in Greenland. We compare stable isotope ratios (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N and <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C) of freshwater and terrestrial biota, terrestrial vegetation indices and physical–chemical properties, productivity and community structure of fresh waters in catchments with and without little auk colonies. The presence of colonies profoundly alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems by providing nutrients and massively enhancing primary production. Based on elevated <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N in MDN, we estimate that MDN fuels more than 85% of terrestrial and aquatic biomass in bird influenced systems. Furthermore, by using different proxies of bird impact (colony distance, algal <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N) it is possible to identify a gradient in ecosystem response to increasing bird impact. Little auk impact acidifies the freshwater systems, reducing taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates and truncating food webs. These results demonstrate that the little auk acts as an ecosystem engineer, transforming ecosystems across a vast region of Northwest Greenland
NOW-isotopic summary from Small birds, big effects: the little auk (<i>Alle alle</i>) transforms high Arctic ecosystems
In some arctic areas, marine-derived nutrients (MDN) resulting from fish migrations fuel freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, increasing primary production and biodiversity. Less is known, however, about the role of seabird-MDN in shaping ecosystems. Here, we examine how the most abundant seabird in the North Atlantic, the little auk (<i>Alle alle</i>), alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems around the North Water Polynya (NOW) in Greenland. We compare stable isotope ratios (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N and <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C) of freshwater and terrestrial biota, terrestrial vegetation indices and physical–chemical properties, productivity and community structure of fresh waters in catchments with and without little auk colonies. The presence of colonies profoundly alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems by providing nutrients and massively enhancing primary production. Based on elevated <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N in MDN, we estimate that MDN fuels more than 85% of terrestrial and aquatic biomass in bird influenced systems. Furthermore, by using different proxies of bird impact (colony distance, algal <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N) it is possible to identify a gradient in ecosystem response to increasing bird impact. Little auk impact acidifies the freshwater systems, reducing taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates and truncating food webs. These results demonstrate that the little auk acts as an ecosystem engineer, transforming ecosystems across a vast region of Northwest Greenland
Dataisotopes from Small birds, big effects: the little auk (<i>Alle alle</i>) transforms high Arctic ecosystems
In some arctic areas, marine-derived nutrients (MDN) resulting from fish migrations fuel freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, increasing primary production and biodiversity. Less is known, however, about the role of seabird-MDN in shaping ecosystems. Here, we examine how the most abundant seabird in the North Atlantic, the little auk (<i>Alle alle</i>), alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems around the North Water Polynya (NOW) in Greenland. We compare stable isotope ratios (<i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N and <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C) of freshwater and terrestrial biota, terrestrial vegetation indices and physical–chemical properties, productivity and community structure of fresh waters in catchments with and without little auk colonies. The presence of colonies profoundly alters freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems by providing nutrients and massively enhancing primary production. Based on elevated <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N in MDN, we estimate that MDN fuels more than 85% of terrestrial and aquatic biomass in bird influenced systems. Furthermore, by using different proxies of bird impact (colony distance, algal <i>δ</i><sup>15</sup>N) it is possible to identify a gradient in ecosystem response to increasing bird impact. Little auk impact acidifies the freshwater systems, reducing taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates and truncating food webs. These results demonstrate that the little auk acts as an ecosystem engineer, transforming ecosystems across a vast region of Northwest Greenland
Appendix C. Change in the confidence in detecting congruence with sample size.
Change in the confidence in detecting congruence with sample size
Appendix B. Diagnostic model properties of linear mixed-effects models.
Diagnostic model properties of linear mixed-effects models
KX024528-KX024565
DNA Sequence data used for species identification were submitted to GenBank® and deposited for Haileselasie et al. (2016) Colonization history and clonal richness of asexual Daphnia in periglacial habitats of contrasting age in West Greenland in Journal of Animal Ecology (doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12513). They are available from the NCBI PopSet database under accession number 1015802155, or in GenBank® under individual accession numbers KX024528-KX024565
Dryad® Digital Repository
This files includes the R packages we used in our analysis. The input data and names of variables are the same as those used in the main text. ENV= environmental variables, SPACE +spatial distance, HAB=Habitat (pond vs lake) and AGE = represented by distance and dummy variables for old and youn