The effect of the solar field reversal on the modulation of galactic cosmic rays

There is now a growing awareness that solar cycle related changes in the large-scale structure of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) may play an important role in the modulation of galactic cosmic rays. To date, attention focussed on two aspects of the magnetic field structure: large scale compression regions produced by fast solar wind streams and solar flares, both of which are known to vary in intensity and number over the solar cycle, and the variable warp of the heliospheric current sheet. It is suggested that another feature of the solar cycle is worthy of consideration: the field reversal itself. If the Sun reverses its polarity by simply overturning the heliospheric current sheet (northern fields migrating southward and vice-versa) then there may well be an effect on cosmic ray intensity. However, such a simple picture of solar reversal seems improbable. Observations of the solar corona suggest the existence of not one but several current sheets in the heliosphere at solar maximum. The results of a simple calculation to demonstrate that the variation in cosmic ray intensities that will result can be as large as is actually observed over the solar cycle are given

Four-quark condensates in open-charm chiral QCD sum rules

Recently, in Hilger et al. (2011) [1] QCD sum rules for chiral partners in the open-charm meson sector have been presented at nonzero baryon net density or temperature up to and including mass dimension 5. Referring to this, details concerning the cancelation of infrared divergences are presented and important technical and conceptional ingredients for an incorporation of four-quark condensates beyond factorization and of other mass dimension 6 condensates are collected.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, conference proceedin

Studies of low-energy ionic collisions Final report, 1 Oct. 1965 - 30 Sep. 1967

Ionic-molecular collisions, and collision induced dissociation of ion

Impact of Four-Quark Condensates on In-Medium Effects of Hadrons

Spectral properties of hadrons in nuclear matter are treated in the framework of QCD sum rules. The influence of the ambient strongly interacting medium is encoded in various condensates. Especially, the structure of different four-quark condensates and their density dependencies in light quark systems are exemplified for the omega meson and the nucleon.Comment: Contribution to Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII, 02.-07.09.2006, Ponta Delgada, Portuga

Mariner 9 data storage subsystem flight performance summary

The performance is summarized of the Mariner 9 Data Storage Subsystem (DSS) throughout the primary and extended missions. Information presented is limited to reporting of anomalies which occurred during the playback sequences. Tables and figures describe the anomalies (dropouts, missing and added bits, in the imaging data) as a function of time (accumulated tape passes). The data results indicate that the performance of the DSS was satisfactory and within specification throughout the mission. The data presented is taken from the Spacecraft Team Incident/Surprise Anomaly Log recorded during the mission. Pertinent statistics concerning the tape transport performance are given. Also presented is a brief description of DSS operation, particularly that related to the recorded anomalies. This covers the video data encoding and how it is interpreted/decoded by ground data processing and the functional operation of the DSS in abnormal conditions such as loss of lock to the playback signal

QCD sum rules for D and B mesons in nuclear matter

QCD sum rules for D and B mesons embedded in cold nuclear matter are evaluated. We quantify the mass splitting of D - D-bar and B - B-bar mesons as a function of the nuclear matter density; extrapolated to saturation density it is in the order of 60 and 130 MeV driven essentially by the condensates , and . The genuine chiral condensate , amplified by heavy-quark masses, enters the Borel transformed sum rules for the mass splitting beyond linear density dependence. Including strange quark condensates reveals a umerically smaller and opposite effect for the Ds - Ds-bar mass splitting.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, to be published; a broader range of condensate values is discussed (v2

the role of shock waves in modulation of galactic cosmic rays

The understanding of modulation of the galactic cosmic rays has considerably progressed by the exploration by space probes of major heliospheric structures, such as the Corotating Interaction Regions, the neutral sheet, and the compression regions of intense heliospheric magnetic fields. Also relevant in this context were the detections in the outer heliosphere of long lasting Forbush type decreases of cosmic ray intensity. The results of recent theoretical studies on the changes in intensity and energy, at different location from the Sun, induced by the passage of shocks across the heliosphere are presented. In this version of the research, the simplest cases of modulation of uGV and 2GV particles by single or several shocks during periods of positive and negative solar field polarity are reviewed. The results of the theoretical aspects of the search is reported. The comparison of the theoretical predictions with space probe data allows conclusions to be drawn on the role of shocks on the modulation on both the 11 and 22 year galactic cosmic ray cycles in the outer heliosphere and on the plausibility of the models and parameters used

Empirical Perspectives on Mediation and Malpractice

The use of mediation in the medical malpractice context is examined. The impact of any court-related alternative dispute resolution program is also discussed

Precision determination of the pi-N scattering lengths and the charged pi-NN coupling constant

We critically evaluate the isovector GMO sumrule for the charged $\pi N N$ coupling constant using recent precision data from $\pi ^-$p and $\pi^-$d atoms and with careful attention to systematic errors. From the $\pi ^-$d scattering length we deduce the pion-proton scattering lengths ${1/2}(a_{\pi ^-p}+a_{\pi ^-n})=(-20\pm 6$(statistic)$\pm 10$ (systematic))~$\cdot 10^{-4}m_{\pi_c}^{-1}$ and ${1/2}(a_{\pi ^-p}-a_{\pi ^-n})=(903 \pm 14)\cdot 10^{-4}m_{\pi_c}^{-1}$. From this a direct evaluation gives $g^2_c(GMO)/4\pi =14.20\pm 0.07$(statistic)$\pm 0.13$(systematic) or $f^2_c/4\pi= 0.0786\pm 0.0008$.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, latex and postscript; invited talk at PANIC99; to appear in Nucl. Phys. A; changed notation: g^2 and f^2 replaced by conventional g^2/4\pi and f^2/4\p