ODABIR NAJPRIKLADNIJEGA NAČINA BUŠENJA I MINIRANJA UPOTREBOM MADM METODA (STUDIJA SLUČAJA: RUDNIK ŽELJEZA SANGAN, IRAN)

Drilling is the first stage of open pit mining that has a considerable effect on the other stages of mining, including blasting, loading, hauling and crushing. An unsuitable drilling pattern may lead to undesirable results such as poor fragmentation, back break and fly rock that not only results in technical and safety issues but also increases the operating cost of the mine. Multi-Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) methods can be useful approaches to select the appropriate drilling pattern among various alternatives, performed previously. This paper aims to select the most proper drilling and blasting pattern for Sangan Iron Mine, Iran. To achieve this, in the first step, rock fragmentation, back break, fly rock, specific charge and specific drilling were considered as the decision criteria and their degree of importance was calculated using the AHP method under a fuzzy environment. Then, TOPSIS and PROMETHEE methods were used to select the most proper alternative. The results of this study show that the drilling pattern with a spacing of 5 m, burden 4 m, hole depth 10 m, and hole diameter 15 cm is the most suitable one. The stemming length and powder factor of the suggested pattern are 2.3 m and 2.6 gr/cm3, respectively.Bušenje je prva faza površinske eksploatacije koja ima znatan utjecaj na ostale faze rudarenja, uključujući miniranje, utovar, transport i drobljenje. Neprimjeren način bušenja može dovesti do nepoželjnih rezultata poput loše fragmentacije, povratnoga loma i odbacivanja stijena, što ne samo da rezultira tehničkim i sigurnosnim problemima, već i povećava operativne troškove rudnika. Metode donošenja odluka s više atributa (MADM) mogu biti korisne za odabir odgovarajućega načina bušenja među raznim prethodno izvedenim alternativama. Cilj je ovoga rada odabrati najpogodniji način bušenja i miniranja za rudnik željeza Sangan, Iran. Da bi se to postiglo, u prvome koraku kao kriteriji za odlučivanje razmatrani su fragmentacija stijena, povratno lomljenje, odbacivanje stijena, specifično punjenje i specifično bušenje, a njihova važnost izračunana je korištenjem AHP metode u neizrazitome okruženju. Zatim su korištene metode TOPSIS i PROMETHEE za odabir najprikladnije alternative. Rezultati ove studije pokazuju da je najprikladniji način bušenja s razmakom od 5 m, opterećenjem od 4 m, dubinom rupe od 10 m i promjerom rupe od 15 cm. Duljina čepa bušotine i specifična potrošnja eksploziva predloženoga uzorka iznose 2,3 m, odnosno 2,6 g/cm3

Some Physical Properties of 'Sonnati Salmas' Apricot Pit

In this study, some physical properties of apricot pit of cv. ‘Sonnati Salmas' were determined at 5.11, 11.23 and 16.48 % wet base moisture contents. Physical properties such as dimensions, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, bulk density, true density, porosity, volume, weight and coefficient of static friction on various surfaces were determined as a function of pit moisture content. Length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter and surface area of pits increased with increasing moisture content. Sphericity decreased from 72.16 to 72.10 %, 1000 grain mass and grain volume increased from 1402.43 to 1437.32 g and 1.49 to 1.51 cm3, respectively. Porosity decreased from 49.457 to 48.404 %, true density and bulk density increased from 1043.97 to 1045.51 kg/m3 and 527.65 to 539.44 kg/m3, respectively. The coefficient of static friction increased as the moisture content increased. These results are necessary for designing of equipments for processing, conveying, separating and packing apricot pit

An experimental study for characterization of size-dependence in microstructures via electrostatic pull-in instability technique

This paper experimentally investigates the size-dependent effective Young's modulus (Eeff) of aluminum (Al) clamped-clamped microbeams using the electrostatic pull-in instability technique. This study presents an experimental characterization of the so-called “length scale parameter” in couple stress theory and surface elasticity. Eeff is retrieved from the measured pull-in voltage, of the clamped-clamped beams with different dimensions, via an electromechanically coupled equation. Measurement results show a strong size dependence of Eeff for the Al beams in small sizes. The Young's modulus increases monotonously as the beams become thinner. The experimental observations are consistent with the published modeling results of the size effects, in which couple stress theory and surface elasticity theory are taken into consideration. The presented experimental method has substantial advantages such as precise adjustable magnitude of the non-contacting force and a lower cost over the other approaches used for characterization of micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems. This simple and reproducible method can be extended for characterization of various materials with different sizes and boundary conditions

The effect of methenamine on vascular development: Experimental investigation using in vivo and insilico methods

Background: Methenamine is a worldwide antibacterial agent for urinary system infections in human and animals. The effect of methenamine consumption during early phase of pregnancy is not fully clarified in previous studies. Vascular development is the essential part of the early embryonic growth. Objective: In this study, we used chicken chorioallantoic membrane to evaluate the effects of methenamine administration on angiogenesis process as a model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 Ross 308 eggs (mean weight 55 ± 4) were incubated. The eggs were divided into two equal groups (n = 10/each). In the first group, methenamine (150 mg/kg egg weight) was injected on the shell membrane, and in the second group (control group) phosphate-buffered saline as injected. Methenamine was inoculated at 96 and 120 hr after incubation; 24 hr after the last inoculation, the eggs were removed and the egg’s shell was incised. Then, the development of vascular network and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was evaluated. Results: Angiogenesis was significantly decreased after methenamine treatment. The indexes such as areas containing vessels, the vessels’ length, the percentage of angiogenesis developing areas, and vascular complexity in the treatment group receiving methenamine were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was suppressed in the methenamine treated group. Conclusion: According to the achieved results, it was defined that methenamine could have an inhibitory effect on the growth and development procedures of extraembryonic vasculature. Key words: Methenamine, Angiogenesis modulating agents, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, Extraembryonic membranes

Legal Jurisprudential Analysis of Bone Fracture Blood Money

زمینه و هدف: قاعده ترک‌برداشتن استخوان‌ها از قواعد مربوط به دیه صدمات استخوان است که در برخی متون فقهی و روایی به آن اشاره شده است. این قاعده برای اولین‌بار در بند «پ» ماده 569 قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392 پیش‌بینی گردید. قانونگذار در این بند دیه ترک‌برداشتن استخوان هر عضو را چهارپنجم دیه شکستن آن عضو می‌داند، در حالی که شکستن استخوان در دو حالت بهبودی کامل و بهبودی ناقص، دیه متفاوت دارد. برای نویسندگان، این پرسش مطرح است که آیا دیه ترک‌برداشتن استخوان در فرض بهبودی کامل و بهبودی ناقص نیز متفاوت است یا نه؟ مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در تبیین فقهی حقوقی قاعده ترک‌برداشتن استخوان، با روش تحلیلی توصیفی و با استناد به منابع کتابخانه‌ای انجام شده و در بررسی رویه قضایی ناظر به تعیین میزان دیه موارد ترک‌برداشتن استخوان نیز از روش پیمایشی استفاده شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: نظریه تابعیت دیه ترک‌برداشتن استخوان تابعی از وضعیت درمان‌پذیری آن، با مبانی فقهی و حقوقی سازگاری بیشتری دارد؛ مفاد رأی وحدت‌رویه شماره 782ـ 19/09/1398 هیأت عمومی دیوان‌عالی کشور نیز مؤید همین مطلب است.Background and Aim: The rule of bone fracture is one of the rules related to the bone injuries blood money, which is mentioned as an example in some jurisprudential and narrative texts. This rule was proposed firstly in paragraph (c) of Article 569 of the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013. In this paragraph, the legislator considers bone fracture blood money of each organ as Four-fifths of blood money of breaking that organ, while bone breaking in two states, complete recovery and incomplete recovery, has different blood money. So the question for the authors is whether the bone fracture blood money is different in the case of complete recovery and incomplete recovery? Materials and Methods: This research has been done in explaining the legal jurisprudential of the rule of bone fracture, by descriptive analytical method and referring to library sources, and in examining the judicial procedure related to determining the amount of bone fracture blood money, a survey method has been used. Conclusion: In this paper it is concluded that bone fracture blood money is a function of its treatment status and is more compatible with jurisprudential and legal principles. The contents of the unanimous vote of No. 1398/09/19-782 of the General Assembly of the Supreme Court of the country also confirm this matter.   Please cite this article as: Tavakkoli Kiya O, Darvishzadeh Kakhaki M. Legal Jurisprudential Analysis of Bone Fracture Blood Money. Feghh Journal 2019-2020; 11(40-41): 45-58

Dead-End Microfiltration of Rough Non-Alcoholic Beer by Different Polymeric Membranes

Clarification of rough nonalcoholic beer using microfiltration as an al-ternative to conventional filtration with filter aids presents scientific and technical challenges for the brewing industry. An experimental pilot plant was used to evaluate the permeability and selectivity of polymeric mem-branes in the clarification process. Cellulose acetate (CA) with pore sizes of 0.2, 0.45, 0.8, and 1.2 μm, together with cellulose nitrate (CN), nylon (NY), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a pore size of 0.45 μm, were used at transmembrane pressures (TMP) of 1.0 and 2.0 bar. The data cor-roborated that the flux values of the CA, CN, and NY membranes were al-most the same and reduced drastically, whereas PTFE was not permeable at 1.0 bar and its flux at 2.0 bar increased at the beginning and decreased after reaching a maximum. At both TMP, the CN membrane displayed the highest rejection of suspended particles and haze-active proteins, while re-tention of polyphenols and color were highest for the NY membrane. The lower selectivity of the PTFE membrane can be attributed to its hydropho-bicity and less interaction with the hydrophilic haze-active proteins. The results confirmed that by increasing the pore size of CA membranes the separation factor of the sensitive proteins and suspended particles decreased and permeability increased

A Mathematical Model for a Flow Shop Scheduling Problem with Fuzzy Processing Times

Abstract This paper presents a mathematical model for a flow shop scheduling problem consisting of m machine and n jobs with fuzzy processing times that can be estimated as independent stochastic or fuzzy numbers. In the traditional flow shop scheduling problem, the typical objective is to minimize the makespan). However,, two significant criteria for each schedule in stochastic models are: expectable makespan and the probability of minimizing the makespan. These criteria can be considered for fuzzy problems as well. In this paper, we propose a solution for the fuzzy model by the use of fuzzy logic based on developing the model presented by MacCahon [18]

The effect of motion formation on cooperative navigation

The effect of formation movement on the performance of cooperative navigation is investigated in this paper. First, the inertial navigation system of each agent with a certain accuracy is modeled and simulated. Initial results showed that the navigation error of each agent increased individually over time, and this problem is more severe for agents equipped with a weaker system. Cooperative navigation is implemented for the agents to resolve this problem. It is shown that the total navigation errors are improved by observing and participating the relative distance between the agents. Various simulations and experimental tests using two real agents supported this assertation. The performance of cooperative navigation can be improved further through appropriate formation. Proper formations are investigated and evaluated through simulations. The collective covariance matrix is employed to form an objective function using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). This function has been minimized using Newton’s method, which could be the solution for the formation. The simulation results show that better accuracy can be achieved by applying the optimal formation trajectory