Trust in Functional and Dysfunctional Organizational Leaders: The Role of Leadership Style, Employees’ Emotions and Trustworthiness Perceptions

Trust in leaders is increasingly recognized as a crucial organizational variable; meta-analytic evidence suggests that trust is associated with important outcomes of job performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover, and counterproductive behavior (Colquitt, Scott & LePine, 2007; Dirks & Ferrin, 2002). In this research, I investigated how various functional and dysfunctional leadership styles influence employees’ emotions, perceptions of leader trustworthiness, and trust in leader and explored the mediating roles of employees’ emotions and trustworthiness perceptions in the relationships between leadership styles and trust. The overarching goal was to develop and test an integrated model of leadership, emotions, trustworthiness, and trust in leader. Three studies were conducted. The first two were questionnaire-based studies with part-time working students and full-time employees from various organizations; the third was an experiment in which students assessed a simulated applicant for a leadership position. All three studies demonstrated that transformational and contingent reward leadership had a positive impact on how people feel, how they perceive their leaders’ trustworthiness, and how much they trust their leaders, while passive-avoidant, Machiavellian and pseudo-transformational leadership styles tended to negatively influence people’s feelings, their perceptions of leader trustworthiness, and their trust in leaders. MBE-active leadership had either no effect or a weak negative effect on emotions, trustworthiness perceptions, and trust in leaders. Trustworthiness perceptions mediated the links between leadership styles and trust. Only positive (but not negative) emotions mediated the links of transformational and contingent reward leadership with trust, whereas both positive and negative emotions mediated the relationships between leadership and trustworthiness perceptions. The proposed integrated model received strong support from the three studies, thus contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms through which leaders influence followers’ emotions, trustworthiness perceptions, and trust. Findings also supported the extension of Christie and colleagues’ (2011) model of pseudo-transformational leadership through the addition of perceived Machiavellian leadership. Strong reliability and validity evidence was obtained for the newly-developed Perceived Machiavellian Leadership Scale. The results of this project have important implications for leadership theory and organizational practices involving leadership development, selection, succession planning, and other human resource programs

Perception of small farmers in Serbia regarding the use of ICT and possibilities of organic agriculture

During the last two decades there is a growing awareness of the importance of introducing organic agricultural production in Serbia due to issues of health, environmental protection and need for more sustainable agriculture. There is a need for education of small farmers on the possibilities of organic production and significance of information technologies for education, production and marketing. This paper aims to examine the perception on the possibilities of organic production and ICT use concerning their level of education. The study has included 143 farmers from Raška district, municipality Kraljevo. The statistical ANOVA analysis has been done by using the software package SPSS18 to explore an impact the education has on the perception of small farmers on the use of information technologies in education, production, and marketing of agricultural products. The results show statistically significant difference in the perception of small farmers on the usage of information technologies regarding their level of education.Publishe

Mortality rate of lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors in Serbia within a period 1991-2009

Background/Aim. Lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors account for 3.7% of all cancer deaths worldwide, with significant geographic variations in frequency and distribution. The aim of this descriptive epidemiologic study was to analyze the mortality rate of lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors in Serbia proper within a period 1991-2009. Methods. Mortality rates standardized directly using the world population as the standard were used in data analysis. Linear trend and regression analyses were used to analyze rate trends in mortality. Results. The Serbian population demonstrated an increase in the mortality of lip, oral cavity and pharynx malignant tumors (y = 3.32 + 0.03×; p = 0.002; average annual percent change = + 0.8). The male population showed a significant increase in mortality trend (y = 5.90 + 0.03×; p = 0.020; % change = + 0.9), while the female population did not show a significant increase in mortality. The male/female cancer mortality ratio was 5.5:1. Mortality rates for lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer increased with age in both genders, with rates being the highest in the population aged 85 and older. Increasing trends of lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer mortality were observed in males aged 50-54; the average annual percent change was + 7.4 % (95% CI, 6.2-9.0). The population of both genders aged 55-59 demonstrated an increase in lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer mortality, the increase being + 1.8% (95% CI, 1.4-2.2) in men and + 34.3% (95% CI, 28.4-40.2) in women. Conclusion. The increasing trend in lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer mortality points to the necessity to investigate etiology and improve primary and secondary prevention measures

Complications of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis: review of published case reports

Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA), a form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), affects immunocompetent or mildly immunocompromised persons with underlying pulmonary disease. These conditions are associated with high morbidity and mortality and often require long-term antifungal treatment. The long-term prognosis for patients with CNPA and the potential complications of CNPA have not been well documented. The aim of this study was to review published papers that report cases of CNPA complications and to highlight risk factors for development of CNPA. The complications in conjunction associated with CNPA are as follows: pseudomembranous necrotizing tracheobronchial aspergillosis, ankylosing spondylarthritis, pulmonary silicosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease, superinfection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and and pneumothorax. The diagnosis of CNPA is still a challenge. Culture and histologic examinations of bronchoscopically identified tracheobronchial mucus plugs and necrotic material should be performed in all immunocompromised individuals, even when the radiographic findings are unchanged. Early detection of intraluminal growth of Aspergillus and prompt antifungal therapy may facilitate the management of these patients and prevent development of complications

Uticaj folijarne prihrane na privredno tehnološke karakteristike sorte Kardinal

The study was preformed in the vintage 2015 with the aim to exame infuluence of use foliar fertilizers to the yield and the quality of Kardinal grapes. Folowing fertilazers were used: Folifertil B11, Wuxal Super, Wuxal magnezijum, Wuxal Ferro i Slavol. Each variant included 15 vines separated in three repetitions per 5 vines. The obtained results showed that fertilization had a positive effect on both: the yield and the content of sugar and acidity. The lowest average yield had the control variant. The differences are mostly and highly significant between variant with and without fertilizers. The highest yield was at Folifertil B 11 variant where the relative difference was from 0,45 to 1,6 in compare to not- fertilization. All variants of fertilization had higher content of sugar in compare to thecontrol variant.Tokom2015. godine ispitivan je uticaj specijalnih (kompleksnih) folijarnih đubriva na visinu prinosa i kvalitet grožđa sorte Kardinal. Korišćeni su sledeći preparati: Folifertil B11, Wuxal Super, Wuxal magnezijum, Wuxal Ferro i Slavol. U svakoj varijanti bilo je po 15 čokota rasporedjenih u tri ponavljanja po 5 čokota. Postignuti rezultati ukazuju da se đubrenje pozitivno odrazilo, kako na prinos tako i na sadrzaj šećera i kisjelina u grožđanom soku. Prosječno najmanji prinos grožđa imala je kontrola a razlike su uglavnom značajne i vrlo značajne u korist varijanata đubrenja. Najveći prinos bio je kod varijante Folifertil B11 a relativna razlika je od 0,45 do 1,6 u korist varijanata đubrenja. Sve varijante đubrenja su imale veći sadržaj šećera u širi od kontrole

First reported case of fulminant TB with progression of infection from lungs to the genitourinary region

Although tuberculosis (TB) is a curable disease, it continues to be one of the leading infections associated with death in the world. Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) occurs in approximately 10% of the total cases, presenting with lymph nodes, pleura, bone and genitourinary tract as the most common locations. Genitourinary tuberculosis, the second most common EPTB, is very difficult to diagnose unless there is a high index of suspicion. Isolated TB orchitis or prostatitis without clinical evidence of renal involvement is a rare entity among genitourinary tuberculosis. We presented the first reported case of TB prostatitis and orchitis associated with pulmonary TB and the presence of an acute massive caseous pneumonia in an immunocompetent man. Despite the anti-TB therapy, the patient presented a rapid progression of disease and deterioration of general conditions taking to death, which occurred four days after TB treatment had started. Disseminated TB is a relatively uncommon cause of acute massive caseous pneumonia; however, there should always be suspicion of the disease, since it is a potentially treatable cause. This rare case supports the assertion that TB should be considered as an important differential diagnosis of genitourinary tumors irrespective of evidence of active TB elsewhere in the body

Uticaj folijarne primjene makro i mikro elemenata na agrobiološke karakteristike sorte Muskat Italija na Ćemovskom Polju

The experiment was conducted at “13. JUL – Plantaže” in Ćemovsko polje, nearby Podgorica, during the one-year period (2015), on seven years old plantation on the variety of Muscat Italy, which is grafted on rootstock Paulsen 1103. The following liquid fertilizers were used: NPK 12-5-7 + ME + Bor 8%; NPK 12-5-7 + ME; NPK 9-0-6 + 10% CaO + 2% MgO i NPK 31-0-0 + ME; NPK 3-20-28 + 3% EDTA. Liquid fertilizer which showed the earliest start of tearing, activating buds, blossoming and veraison is NPK 12-5-7 + ME.Ogled je izveden u “13. JUL - Plantaže” a.d. na Ćemovskom polju u okolini Podgorice, u toku jedne godine (2015.), na zasadu starom sedam godina, na sorti Muskat Italija, koja je kalemljena na podlozi Paulsen 1103. Korišćeni su sljedeća tečna đubriva i to: NPK 12-5-7 + ME + Bor 8%; NPK 12-5-7 + ME; NPK 9-0-6 + 10% CaO + 2% MgO i NPK 31-0-0 + ME; NPK 3-20-28 + 3% EDTA. Tečno đubrivo koje je pokazalo najraniji početak suzenja, aktiviranja okaca, cvetanja i šarka je NPK 12-5-7 + ME

Non-Dipping Patten of Blood Pressure and Gestational Hypertension

Gestational hypertension (GH) is one of the entities of the hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Also, the HDP have been recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Thus, women who develop GH or preeclampsia (PE) are at increased risk of hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke in later life. An ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) takes an important role in diagnosing of hypertension in pregnancy. Also, it has been shown that ABPM had higher accuracy in the prediction of GH, premature childbirth and low birth weight, compared with the conventional blood pressure (BP) measurements. In addition, we have found that non-dipping pattern of BP is very highly related with worse pregnancy outcome in a term of preterm delivery and intrauterine growth restriction. Also, it is associated with worse maternal hemodynamics, more impaired systolic function and more pronounced cardiac remodeling compared to women with GH and dipping pattern of BP. This review aimed to explore the (a) current classifications of the HDP; (b) pathogenesis of GH and PE; (c) physiological changes of BP and maternal hemodynamics in pregnancy; and (d) pathophysiological changes of BP and maternal cardiac function, especially in a term on BP pattern

Diarylheptanoids from Alnus viridis ssp viridis and Alnus glutinosa: Modulation of Quorum Sensing Activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Diarylheptanoids from the barks of Alnus viridis ssp. viridis (green alder) and Alnus glutinosa (black alder) were explored for anti-quorum sensing activity. Chemicals with anti-quorum sensing activity have recently been examined for antimicrobial applications. The anti-quorum sensing activity of the selected diarylheptanoids was determined using two biosensors, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Although all of the investigated compounds negatively influenced the motility of P. aeruginosa PAO1, four were able to inhibit biofilm formation of this human opportunistic pathogen for 40-70%. Three of the diarylheptanoids (3, 4, and 5) negatively influenced the biosynthesis of pyocyanin, which is under the control of quorum sensing. Platyphyllenone (7) and hirsutenone (5) were able to inhibit the biosynthesis of violacein in C. violaceum CV026, with 5 being able to inhibit the synthesis of both biopigments. Only one of the tested diarylheptanoids (1) was shown to significantly decrease the production of acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) in P. aeruginosa PAO1, more specifically, production of the long chain N-(3-oxododecanoyl)- l-HSL. On the other side, four diarylheptanoids (2-5) significantly reduced the synthesis of 2-alkyl-4-quinolones, part of the P. aeruginosa quinolone-mediated signaling system. To properly assess therapeutic potential of these compounds, their in vitro antiproliferative effect on normal human lung fibroblasts was determined, with doses affecting cell proliferation between 10 and 100 mu g/mL. This study confirms that the barks of green and black alders are rich source of phytochemicals with a wide range of biological activities that could further be exploited as natural agents against bacterial contaminations and infections.Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3034