Accuracy of digital panoramic radiographs on the vertical measurements of dental implants

Amaç: Panoramik radyografi (PR), dental ve iliskili yapilari degerlendirmek için en sik kullanilan tekniktir. Bu çalismanin amaci, dental implant tedavisinin planlanmasinda panoramik radyografik görüntülerin (PRI) dogrulugunu ve anterior, premolar ve posterior bölgeler için bir panoramik cihazin büyütme oranini belirlemekti. Gereç ve Yöntem: Implant cerrahisi sonrasi PRI'lari alinmis olan 83 hasta çalismaya dahil edildi. önceden dikey uzunluklari bilinen toplam 240 adet dental implant (53 anterior, 69 premolar ve 118 molar bölge), PRI'nin büyütme oranini ve dogrulugunu belirlemek için, panoramik sistemin ölçüm araçlari kullanilarak ameliyat sonrasi radyografik görüntüler üzerinde tekrar ölçüldü. Verilerin normal dagilima sahip olmasi nedeniyle, istatistiksel analiz için eslestirilmis t testi kullanildi (p < 0,05). üç bölgenin büyütme orani, implantlarin ölçülen dikey uzunlugunun, implantlarin gerçek dikey uzunluguna orani bulunarak hesaplandi. Bulgular: Implantlarin gerçek dikey uzunlugu ve PRI'dan ölçülen dikey uzunlugu arasinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli fark bulundu (p < 0,05). Bununla birlikte, korelasyon orani tüm bölgeler için 1'e yakin bulundu. Implantlarin gerçek dikey uzunlugu ve PRI'den ölçülen dikey uzunlugu arasindaki fark, ön bölge için 0.50 mm, premolar bölge için 0,97 mm ve molar bölge için 0,83 mm idi. Cliniview™ (Instrumentarium Sti., Tuusula, FINLANDIYA) yazilimi tarafindan düzeltilen panoramik sistemin büyütme orani, tüm bölgeler için 1 civarinda bulundu. Sonuçlar: PRI'lar, kolay ulasilabilir olmalari ve düsük radyasyon dozlari sayesinde, implant cerrahisi planlamasindaki dikey ölçümler için 1 mm'lik güven araligi ile kullanilabilir. © Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry 2018.Objectives: Panoramic radiography (PR) is the most commonly used technique to evaluate the dental and associated structures. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of panoramic radiographic images (PRIs) in planning the dental implant treatment and the magnification rate of a panoramic device for anterior, premolar and posterior regions. Materials and Methods: Eighty-eight patients with PRIs were taken after implant surgery were included to the study. A total of 240 dental implants (53 anterior, 69 premolar, and 118 molar regions) of which actual vertical lengths were known, were re-measured on post-operative radiographic images using the scaling tools of the panoramic system to determine the magnification rate and the accuracy of PRIs. Because the data had normal distribution, the paired t test was used for the statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The magnification rates of the three regions were calculated as the ratio of the radiographically measured vertical length of the implants to the actual vertical length of the implants. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the actual and measured vertical length of the implants on the PRI (p < 0.05). However, the correlation rate was found close to 1 for all regions. The difference between the actual and measured vertical length of the implants on the PRI was 0.50 mm for the anterior region, 0.97 mm for the premolar region, and 0.83 mm for the molar region. The magnification rate of the panoramic system corrected by Cliniview™ (Instrumentarium Corp., Tuusula, FINLAND) software was found around 1 for all the regions. Conclusions: Due to their readily accessible nature and low radiation dose, PRIs can be used in implant surgery for vertical measurements with 1 mm confidence interval. © Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry 2018

Content-based video copy detection based on motion vectors estimated using a lower frame rate

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We propose a motion vector based Video Content Based Copy Detection (VCBCD) method. One of the signatures of a given video is motion vectors extracted from image sequences. However, when consecutive image frames are used they are not descriptive enough because most vectors are either too small or they appear to scatter in all directions. We calculate motion vectors in a lower frame rate than the actual frame rate of the video to overcome this problem. As a result we obtain large vectors and they represent a given video in a robust manner. We carry out experiments for various parameters and present the results

Evaluation of biological activity of Turkish plants. Rapid screening for the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential by TLC bioautographic methods

Using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautography, a total of 58 extracts from various organs (aerial parts, leaves, flowers, fruits, roots) of 16 Turkish plants were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, and radical scavenging activities. The hexane, CHCl3/CH2Cl2, water, and total MeOH extracts were used. No activity was observed against two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa) and the yeast Candida albicans. However, 23 plant extracts, mostly the CHCl3/CH2Cl2 and H2O-solubles, inhibited the growth of all five Gram-positive bacteria tested, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Of the active extracts, the CHCl3-soluble of the roots of Putoria calabrica (L. fil) DC (Rubiaceae) displayed the highest antibacterial potential. The majority of the CHCl3/CH2Cl2 crude extracts also appeared to inhibit acetylcholinesterase on TLC plates at 100 µg/spot concentration. Particularly active samples were the middle polarity extracts (CHCl3/CH2Cl2) of the leaves of Rhododendron smirnovii Trautv., R. ponticum L., and R. ungernii Trautv. (Ericaceae). β-Carotene, β-carotene/linoleic acid mixture, and 2,2-diphenyl-l-pieryhydrazyl (DPPH) solutions sprayed onto TLC plates were used for detecting antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of the crude extracts. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities were found to be predominant in highly polar extracts. The water-solubles of all Rhododendron (Ericaceae) and Phlomis (Lamiaceae) species presented the most significant activity

Determining of Solar Power by Using Machine Learning Methods in a Specified Region

In this study, it is aimed to estimate the solar power according to the hourly meteorological data of the specified location measured between 2002 and 2006 by using different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. Data Mining Processes (DMP) were used to select the most appropriate input variables from these measured data. Data groups created using DMP were evaluated according to three different ML algorithms such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). It can be concluded that DMP-ML based prediction models are more successful than models developed using all available data. The most successful model developed among these models estimated the hourly solar power potential with an accuracy of 97%. Also, different error measurement statistics were used to evaluate ML algorithms. According to Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error, 6.12%, 7.22% and 12.72% values were found in the most successful prediction models developed using ANN, KNN and SVR, respectively. In addition, from the meteorological data used in this study the most effective data on solar power as a result of DMP were shown to be Temperature and Hourly Sunshine Duration

Culture-Dependent Microbiome of the Ciona intestinalis Tunic: Isolation, Bioactivity Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomics

Ascidians and their associated microbiota are prolific producers of bioactive marine natural products. Recent culture-independent studies have revealed that the tunic of the solitary ascidian Cionaintestinalis (sea vase) is colonized by a diverse bacterial community, however, the biotechnological potential of this community has remained largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed at isolating the culturable microbiota associated with the tunic of C.intestinalis collected from the North and Baltic Seas, to investigate their antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and to gain first insights into their metabolite repertoire. The tunic of the sea vase was found to harbor a rich microbial community, from which 89 bacterial and 22 fungal strains were isolated. The diversity of the tunic-associated microbiota differed from that of the ambient seawater samples, but also between sampling sites. Fungi were isolated for the first time from the tunic of Ciona. The proportion of bioactive extracts was high, since 45% of the microbial extracts inhibited the growth of human pathogenic bacteria, fungi or cancer cell lines. In a subsequent bioactivity- and metabolite profiling-based approach, seven microbial extracts were prioritized for in-depth chemical investigations. Untargeted metabolomics analyses of the selected extracts by a UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking approach revealed a vast chemical diversity with compounds assigned to 22 natural product families, plus many metabolites that remained unidentified. This initial study indicates that bacteria and fungi associated with the tunic of C.intestinalis represent an untapped source of putatively new marine natural products with pharmacological relevance

Expression of a catalytically inactive mutant form of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) confers a dominant-negative effect in male fertility.

The selenoenzyme Gpx4 is essential for early embryogenesis and cell viability for its unique function to prevent phospholipid oxidation. Recently, the cytosolic form of Gpx4 was identified as an upstream regulator of a novel form of non-apoptotic cell death, called ferroptosis, whereas the mitochondrial isoform of Gpx4 (mGpx4) was previously shown to be crucial for male fertility. Here, we generated and analyzed mice with targeted mutation of the active site selenocysteine (Sec) of Gpx4 (Gpx4_U46S). Mice homozygous for Gpx4_U46S died at the same embryonic stage (E7.5) as Gpx4-/- embryos as expected. Surprisingly, male mice heterozygous for Gpx4_U46S presented subfertility. Subfertility was manifested in a reduced number of litters from heterozygous breedings and an impairment of spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes in vitro. Morphologically, sperm isolated from heterozygous Gpx4_U46S mice revealed many structural abnormalities particularly in the spermatozoan midpiece due to improper oxidation and polymerization of sperm capsular proteins and malformation of the mitochondrial capsule surrounding and stabilizing sperm mitochondria. These findings are reminiscent of sperm isolated from selenium-deprived rodents or from mice specifically lacking mGpx4. Due to a strongly facilitated incorporation of Ser in the polypeptide chain as compared to Sec at the UGA codon, expression of the catalytically inactive Gpx4_U46S was found to be strongly increased. Since the stability of the mitochondrial capsule of mature spermatozoa depends on the moonlighting function of Gpx4 both as an enzyme oxidizing capsular protein thiols and being a structural protein, tightly controlled expression of functional Gpx4 emerges being key for full male fertility

Luddin type anthraquinone glycosides from Putoria calabrica

Two new lucidin type anthraquinone glycosides, putorinoside A (1) and putorinoside B (2) were isolated from Putoria calabrica, in addition to two known anthraquinone glycosides, lucidin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3) and lucidin 3-O-primeveroside (4). Based on spectroscopic data, putorinosides A and B were identified as 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methoxy-3,5,6-trihydroxyanthraquinone 3-O-β-glucopyranoside and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methoxy-3,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, respectively

Induction of Isochromanones by Co-Cultivation of the Marine Fungus Cosmospora sp. and the Phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae

Microbial co-cultivation is a promising approach for the activation of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that remain transcriptionally silent under artificial culture conditions. As part of our project aiming at the discovery of marine-derived fungal agrochemicals, we previously used four phytopathogens as model competitors in the co-cultivation of 21 marine fungal strains. Based on comparative untargeted metabolomics analyses and anti-phytopathogenic activities of the co-cultures, we selected the co-culture of marine Cosmospora sp. with the phytopathogen Magnaporthe oryzae for in-depth chemical studies. UPLC-MS/MS-based molecular networking (MN) of the co-culture extract revealed an enhanced diversity of compounds in several molecular families, including isochromanones, specifically induced in the co-culture. Large scale co-cultivation of Cosmospora sp. and M. oryzae resulted in the isolation of five isochromanones from the whole co-culture extract, namely the known soudanones A, E, D (1-3) and their two new derivatives, soudanones H-I (4-5), the known isochromans, pseudoanguillosporins A and B (6, 7), naphtho-γ-pyrones, cephalochromin and ustilaginoidin G (8, 9), and ergosterol (10). Their structures were established by NMR, HR-ESIMS, FT-IR, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy, polarimetry ([α]D), and Mosher’s ester reaction. Bioactivity assays revealed antimicrobial activity of compounds 2 and 3 against the phytopathogens M. oryzae and Phytophthora infestans, while pseudoanguillosporin A (6) showed the broadest and strongest anti-phytopathogenic activity against Pseudomonas syringae, Xanthomonas campestris, M. oryzae and P. infestans. This is the first study assessing the anti-phytopathogenic activities of soudanones

Characterization of wake properties in freely bubbling fluidized beds using Particle Image Velocimetry

The performance of fluidized beds in many physical or chemical operations is predominantly determined by the hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics. However, a proper description of a fluidized bed using phenomenological models requires correlations based on many different assumptions for the bubble and emulsion phases, where most of these assumptions have not been validated thoroughly at different operating conditions. One of the most typical assumptions is the fact that the wake of a bubble rises with exactly the same velocity as the bubble and occupies a specific and constant fraction in the bed, commonly around 15% of the bubble volume (1). The wake fraction has been studied using optical techniques and the geometry of the single bubbles injected has been analysed at different experimental conditions (2). However, these results are mainly based on geometric observations, and are not based on specific properties of fluidized beds. In this study, two new methods for the characterization of wake properties in fluidized beds are developed and studied based on the dynamics of the solids phase. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) allows to determine the solids phase velocity profiles in detail, which is used for the investigation of the wake properties. PIV combined with Digital Image Analysis (DIA) can provide the average solids mass fluxes throughout the fluidized bed, along with the bubble properties. When relating all positive solids fluxes to the solids carried along by the bubbles in their wakes, the average wake fraction can be obtained directly, as presented in the Figure 1. This method provides information on average results and therefore accounts for all bubbles observed during the experimental evaluation. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Ensheathing glia function as phagocytes in the adult Drosophila brain

The mammalian brain contains many subtypes of glia that vary in their morphologies, gene expression profiles, and functional roles; however, the functional diversity of glia in the adult Drosophila brain remains poorly defined. Here we define the diversity of glial subtypes that exist in the adult Drosophila brain, show they bear striking similarity to mammalian brain glia, and identify the major phagocytic cell type responsible for engulfing degenerating axons after acute axotomy. We find that neuropil regions contain two different populations of glia: ensheathing glia and astrocytes. Ensheathing glia enwrap major structures in the adult brain, but are not closely associated with synapses. Interestingly, we find these glia uniquely express key components of the glial phagocytic machinery (e.g., the engulfment receptor Draper, and dCed-6), respond morphologically to axon injury, and autonomously require components of the Draper signaling pathway for successful clearance of degenerating axons from the injured brain. Astrocytic glia, in contrast, do not express Draper or dCed-6, fail to respond morphologically to axon injury, and appear to play no role in clearance of degenerating axons from the brain. However, astrocytic glia are closely associated with synaptic regions in neuropil, and express excitatory amino acid transporters, which are presumably required for the clearance of excess neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft. Together these results argue that ensheathing glia and astrocytes are preprogrammed cell types in the adult Drosophila brain, with ensheathing glia acting as phagocytes after axotomy, and astrocytes potentially modulating synapse formation and signaling