La infoesfera y el proyecto GDELT

The dizzying expansion of the mass media and information technologies in recent decades has given shape to new cultural configurations. One of the most current expressions of these processes is Big Data. This phenomenon has transformed many of the economic, social and political processes with which it has interacted. In the field of social sciences, new objects of study emerged such as Social Networks or the Web, while new data analysis techniques were incorporated. Considering this context, the present work intends to relate the concept of Infosphere, considered by Franco Berardi as the circular space in which signals carrying cultural intention transit, and the development of the sub-field of Social Sciences known as Culturomics 2.0. In order to visualize some of the conceptual tensions, a case study on the GDELT Project will be carried out. Its function is to monitor the messages that circulate in the Digital Mass Media and Social Networks; in order to create an open platform in real time that allows to investigate the events, dreams, fears and conflicts that occur around the world today

Periódicos digitales argentinos en un marco de concentración. Un análisis cuantitativo de propiedad, audiencia y origen geográfico

Este artículo se propone describir el proceso de concentración de medios de comunicación en el sector de los periódicos digitales en Argentina desde la perspectiva de la Economía Política de la Comunicación y la Cultura. Para ello, se analizarán los 79 diarios en la web que figuran entre los primeros 1000 puestos del ranking Alexa del año 2020. Éstos se pondrán en relación con dos bases de datos públicas acerca de la propiedad de los medios de comunicación en cuestión. Además, se incluirán en el análisis algunas variables como: el año de inicio de actividades, el tipo de noticia, la referencia geográfica y la clase de medio de origen. De este modo, se podrá analizar el fenómeno de la concentración no solamente desde la propiedad sino desde la trayectoria, la pertenencia geográfica y los tipos de contenido. Se halló que los periódicos digitales ocupan un lugar privilegiado dentro de los portales en la web. Entre aquellos, los más  destacados en términos de concentración de audiencia son los del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, con  origen en diarios impresos, de temáticas generales y que pertenecen a grupos empresarios de medios.Identificador permanente (ARK): http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s18535925/o8zgt7xx

Global impact of monocyclic aromatics on tropospheric composition

Aromatic compounds are reactive species influencing ozone formation, OH concentrations and organic aerosol formation. An assessment of their impacts on the gas-phase composition at a global scale has been performed using a general circulation atmospheric-chemistry model.Globally, we found a small annual average net decrease (less than 3 %) in global OH, ozone, and NOx mixing ratios when aromatic compounds are included in the chemical mechanism. This inclusion of aromatics also results in CO mixing ratio increases, which cause a general decrease in OH concentrations. The largest changes are found in glyoxal and NO3, with increases in the atmospheric burden of 10 % and 6 %, respectively.Regionally, significant differences were found particularly in high NOx regime areas, with an increase of up to 4 % in O3 mixing ratios and 8 % in OH concentrations. NO3 increased by more than 30 % in several regions of the northern hemisphere, and glyoxal increased up to 40 % in Europe and Asia. Large increases in formaldehyde were found in urban areas.Although the relative impact of aromatics at the global scale is limited, at a regional level they are important in atmospheric chemistry

Influence of aromatics on tropospheric gas-phase composition

Aromatics contribute a significant fraction to organic compounds in the troposphere and are mainly emitted by anthropogenic activities and biomass burning. Their oxidation in lab experiments is known to lead to the formation of ozone and aerosol precursors. However, their overall impact on tropospheric composition is uncertain as it depends on transport, multiphase chemistry, and removal processes of the oxidation intermediates. Representation of aromatics in global atmospheric models has been either neglected or highly simplified. Here, we present an assessment of their impact on gas-phase chemistry, using the general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry). We employ a comprehensive kinetic model to represent the oxidation of the following monocyclic aromatics: benzene, toluene, xylenes, phenol, styrene, ethylbenzene, trimethylbenzenes, benzaldehyde, and lumped higher aromatics that contain more than nine C atoms.Significant regional changes are identified for several species. For instance, glyoxal increases by 130 % in Europe and 260 % in East Asia, respectively. Large increases in HCHO are also predicted in these regions. In general, the influence of aromatics is particularly evident in areas with high concentrations of NOx, with increases up to 12 % in O3 and 17 % in OH.On a global scale, the estimated net changes of trace gas levels are minor when aromatic compounds are included in our model. For instance, the tropospheric burden of CO increases by about 6 %, while the burdens of OH, O3, and NOx (NO+NO2) decrease between 3 % and 9 %. The global mean changes are small, partially because of compensating effects between high- and low-NOx regions. The largest change is predicted for the important aerosol precursor glyoxal, which increases globally by 36 %. In contrast to other studies, the net change in tropospheric ozone is predicted to be negative, −3 % globally. This change is larger in the Northern Hemisphere where global models usually show positive biases. We find that the reaction with phenoxy radicals is a significant loss for ozone, on the order of 200–300 Tg yr−1, which is similar to the estimated ozone loss due to bromine chemistry.Although the net global impact of aromatics is limited, our results indicate that aromatics can strongly influence tropospheric chemistry on a regional scale, most significantly in East Asia. An analysis of the main model uncertainties related to oxidation and emissions suggests that the impact of aromatics may even be significantly larger

ST-Elevation Magnitude Correlates With Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Conduction Delay in Type I Brugada ECG

Background: The substrate location and underlying electrophysiological mechanisms that contribute to the characteristic ECG pattern of Brugada syndrome (BrS) are still debated. Using noninvasive electrocardiographical imaging, we studied whole heart conduction and repolarization patterns during ajmaline challenge in BrS individuals. Methods and Results: A total of 13 participants (mean age, 44±12 years; 8 men), 11 concealed patients with type I BrS and 2 healthy controls, underwent an ajmaline infusion with electrocardiographical imaging and ECG recordings. Electrocardiographical imaging activation recovery intervals and activation timings across the right ventricle (RV) body, outflow tract (RVOT), and left ventricle were calculated and analyzed at baseline and when type I BrS pattern manifested after ajmaline infusion. Peak J-ST point elevation was calculated from the surface ECG and compared with the electrocardiographical imaging–derived parameters at the same time point. After ajmaline infusion, the RVOT had the greatest increase in conduction delay (5.4±2.8 versus 2.0±2.8 versus 1.1±1.6 ms; P =0.007) and activation recovery intervals prolongation (69±32 versus 39±29 versus 21±12 ms; P =0.0005) compared with RV or left ventricle. In controls, there was minimal change in J-ST point elevation, conduction delay, or activation recovery intervals at all sites with ajmaline. In patients with BrS, conduction delay in RVOT, but not RV or left ventricle, correlated to the degree of J-ST point elevation (Pearson R , 0.81; P &lt;0.001). No correlation was found between J-ST point elevation and activation recovery intervals prolongation in the RVOT, RV, or left ventricle. Conclusions: Magnitude of ST (J point) elevation in the type I BrS pattern is attributed to degree of conduction delay in the RVOT and not prolongation in repolarization time. </jats:sec

Atmospheric Chemistry, Sources, and Sinks of Carbon Suboxide, C₃O₂

Carbon suboxide, O=C=C=C=O, has been detected in ambient air samples and has the potential to be a noxious pollutant and oxidant precursor; however, its lifetime and fate in the atmosphere is largely unknown. In this work, we collect an extensive set of studies on the atmospheric chemistry of C3O2. Rate coefficients for the reactions of C3O2 with OH radicals&lt;br /&gt;and ozone were determined using relative rate techniques as k4 = (2.6 ± 0.5) ´ 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 295 K (independent 15 of pressure between ~25 and 1000 mbar) and k6 &lt; 1.5 ´ 10-21 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 295 K. A theoretical study on the mechanisms of these reactions indicates that the sole products are CO and CO2, as observed experimentally. The UV absorption spectrum and the interaction of C3O2 with water were also investigated, enabling photodissociation and hydrolysis rates to be assessed. The role of C3O2 in the atmosphere was examined using in-situ measurements, an analysis of the atmospheric sources and sinks, and simulation with the EMAC atmospheric chemistry - general circulation model. The results indicate sub-pptv levels&lt;br /&gt;20 at the Earth´s surface, up to about 10 pptv in regions with relatively strong sources, e.g. by biomass burning, and a mean lifetime of ~3.2 days. These predictions carry considerable uncertainty, as more measurement data are needed to determine ambient concentrations and constrain the source strengths.Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicada

Atmospheric Chemistry, Sources, and Sinks of Carbon Suboxide, C₃O₂

Carbon suboxide, O=C=C=C=O, has been detected in ambient air samples and has the potential to be a noxious pollutant and oxidant precursor; however, its lifetime and fate in the atmosphere is largely unknown. In this work, we collect an extensive set of studies on the atmospheric chemistry of C3O2. Rate coefficients for the reactions of C3O2 with OH radicalsand ozone were determined using relative rate techniques as k4 = (2.6 ± 0.5) ´ 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 295 K (independent 15 of pressure between ~25 and 1000 mbar) and k6 20 at the Earth´s surface, up to about 10 pptv in regions with relatively strong sources, e.g. by biomass burning, and a mean lifetime of ~3.2 days. These predictions carry considerable uncertainty, as more measurement data are needed to determine ambient concentrations and constrain the source strengths.Fil: Keßel, Stephan. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Cabrera Perez, David. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Horowitz, Abraham. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Veres, Patrick R.. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Alemania. NOAA ESRL Chemical Sciences Division; Estados Unidos. University of Colorado; Estados UnidosFil: Sander, Rolf. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Taraborrelli, Domenico. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Tucceri, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Crowley, John. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Pozzer, Andrea. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Vereecken, Luc. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Alemania. Institute of Energy and Climate Research; AlemaniaFil: Lelieveld, Jos. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; AlemaniaFil: Williams, Jonathan P.. Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Alemani