Efecto inhibidor de Lactobacillus aislado de la cavidad oral contra patógenos bacterianos y su efecto en la promoción de la salud

Aims: To determine the inhibitory effect of oral Lactobacillus against bacterial pathogens and investigate correlation between presence of Lactobacillus strains and health promotion. Method: One hundred saliva samples were collected from oral cavity of domestic dairy consumers and were investigated for the isolation and identification of Lactobacillus strain by conventional culture and sequencing of 16SrRNA. Furthermore, well diffusion assay was performed to determination of antibacterial activity of Lactobacillus strains against bacterial pathogens including Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Finally, association between health condition and isolation of Lactobacillus were investigated and obtained data using questionary form were analysed by chi-square test. Results: Thirty Lactobacillus strains recovered from 100 hundred saliva samples. The most common isolated strain was L. gasseri (n=18) and followed by L. vaginalis (n=3) and L. salivarius (n=3). All Lactobacillus strains demonstrated antibacterial activity against at least one of the investigated pathogens. However, the strongest results were obtained by L. vaginalis against K. pneumonia. The correlation between the presence of thirty Lactobacillus strains and health promotion not found. However, only L. gasseri species has significant positive impact on health in their hosts (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Only some Lactobacillus species have a positive impact on health promotion. Despite of weak activity against the investigated pathogens, L. gasseri has a positive impact on the mental problem (intense anger and depression) of their hosts.Objetivos: Determinar el efecto inhibidor del Lactobacillus aislado de la cavidad oral contra patógenos bacterianos e investigar la correlación entre la presencia de cepas de Lactobacillus y la promoción de la salud. Método: se recolectaron cien muestras de saliva de la cavidad oral de consumidores de productos lácteos y se investigó el aislamiento e identificación de la cepa de Lactobacillus mediante cultivo convencional y secuenciación de 16SrRNA. Además, se realizó un ensayo de difusión en pocillos para determinar la actividad antibacteriana de las cepas de Lactobacillus contra patógenos bacterianos que incluyen Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella dysenteriae, Enterococcus faecalis y Enterococcus faecium. Finalmente, se investigó la asociación entre el estado de salud y el aislamiento de Lactobacillus y se obtuvieron los datos utilizando el cuestionario mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: Se aislaron treinta cepas de Lactobacillus de 100 muestras de saliva. La cepa aislada más común fue L. gasseri (n = 18), seguida por L. vaginalis (n = 3) y L. salivarius (n = 3). Todas las cepas de Lactobacillus demostraron actividad antibacteriana contra al menos uno de los patógenos investigados. Sin embargo, los resultados más fuertes fueron obtenidos por L. vaginalis contra K. pneumonia. No se encontraron correlación entre la presencia de algunas de las treinta cepas de Lactobacillus y la promoción de la salud. Sin embargo, solo la especie L. gasseri tuvo un impacto positivo significativo en la salud de sus hospedadores (P <0,05). Conclusión: solo algunas especies de Lactobacillus tienen un impacto positivo en la promoción de la salud. A pesar de la actividad débil contra los patógenos investigados, L. gasseri tiene un impacto positivo en el problema mental (ira intensa y depresión) de sus huéspedes

Long and Short-term Metformin Consumption as a Potential Therapy to Prevent Complications of COVID-19

Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of metformin in complication improvement of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial that involved 189 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Patients in the intervention group received metformin-500 mg twice daily. Patients who received metformin before admission were excluded from the control group. Patients who were discharged before taking at least 2000 mg of metformin were excluded from the study. Primary outcomes were vital signs, need for ICU admission, need for intubation, and mortality. Results: Data showed that patients with diabetes with previous metformin in their regimen had lower percentages of ICU admission and death in comparison with patients without diabetes (11.3% vs. 26.1% (P=0.014) and 4.9% vs. 23.9% (P≤0.001), respectively). Admission time characteristics were the same for both groups except for diabetes and hyperlipidemia, which were significantly different between the two groups. Observations of naproxen consumption on endpoints, duration of hospitalization, and the levels of spO2 did not show any significant differences between the intervention and the control group. The adjusted OR for intubation in the intervention group versus the control group was 0.21 [95% CI, 0.04-0.99 (P=0.047)]. Conclusion: In this trial, metformin consumption had no effect on mortality and ICU admission rates in non-diabetic patients. However, metformin improved COVID-19 complications in diabetic patients who had been receiving metformin prior to COVID-19 infection, and it significantly lowered the intubation rates

Toxoplasma infection in pregnancy: Diagnosis and treatment

The clinical pictures of congenital toxoplasmosis may be different depending on the time of infection during pregnancy, meanwhile death in uterus, nervous or ocular pathologies and an asymptomatic condition will be available. Therefore early detection of that at the beginning of the initial infection in pregnant women is considered very important for the protection of mother and the fetus. The aim of this study was evaluation of Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy and its treatment. In a cross-sectional, analysis study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Department of infectious diseases of Tabriz University of medical sciences on pregnant women referred to the Genecology clinics and Infectious Diseases clinics, the risk of Toxoplasma gondii and the response rate to the treatment were evaluated in these cases. In this study, 195 pregnant women were examined during the period of 9 months. Mean age of studied women was 29.91 ± 6.84 year. 115 of omen were urban and 80 of them were rural. According to the investigation in terms of the Toxoplasma gondii antibody, 10 pregnant women (5.1%) were diagnosed with the acute Toxoplasma infection so they were treated by 3 gr Spiramycin for 6 weeks.In the 2 cases of 10 patients, amniotic fluid PCR was positive. One case attempted to miscarriage while one decided to continue the pregnancy

Effect of Probiotic in treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis infection is considered as the incidence of at least 3 or 4 independent vulvovaginal candidiasis infection with specific clinical symptoms and laboratory confirmation in a year that doesn't have to do with antibiotic therapy. Some of these studies have shown that probiotic lactobacilli are highly effective in the treatment of candidiasis vulvovaginal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic therapy in patients with candidiasis vaginitis compared with the standard treatment. In a doubleblind randomized clinical trial which was performed on women with recurrent vaginitis candidiasis in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and Department of infectious diseases of Tabriz University of medical sciences, recurrent vaginitis candidiasis infection status (resistant to treatment and relapse more than 3 times) and the responses to therapy in the patients were evaluated. There existed significant differences in the case and control groups before treatment in matters of symptoms. These symptoms included itching (P=0.359), vulvovaginal burning (P=0.414), disuria (P=0.494), dyspareunia (P=0.499), abnormal vaginal discharges (P=0.785), as well as deep pelvic pain (P=0.488). Patients in the case group were significantly lower than control group in the case of some symptoms after treatment such as frequency and the intensity of the itching (P=0.003), disuria (P=0.046), dyspareunia (P=0.006), abnormal vaginal discharges (P=0.015) and deep pelvic pain (P=0.031), while frequency of vulvovaginal burning after treatment had no important difference between two groups (P=0.061).At the end of the study, 3 patients from case group and 11 patients of control group had shown no responses to the treatment and their disease intensified. The intensifying rate and lack of response to treatment in patients of case group (under the supplemental treatment with the probiotic) were significantly lower than patients in control group (P = 0.019). The results of the present study showed that a combined treatment using probiotic materials in addition to the use of routine treatments is effective for patients with recurrent recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. This combines strategy leads to increased response of patients to treatment and dramatically reduction of frequency and severity of symptoms in patients, so as to the frequency and severity of these symptoms was lower in case compared to the control group after the treatment

Double strain probiotic effect on Helicobacter pylori infection treatment: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial

Background: A decreased rate of successful helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection treatment has revealed serious demand for more effective regimens to eradicate infection. Therefore, probiotics have recently been considered to increase the rate of antibiotic regimens efficacy in H. pylori infections. In current randomized controlled trial, we evaluated the effect of double strain probiotic combination with standard triple therapy (STT), in the eradication rate of H. pylori infection. Methods: In current randomized placebo-control study, all patients (176 subjects) underwent the STT for 10 days. However, the study group received triple therapy for the eradication of H. pylori with supplement of Lactobacillus probiotic for 4 weeks and placebo was administered to control group, as well. Adverse effects of the antibiotic regimen were recorded for all patients. Six weeks after the cessation of probiotic intake, all patients underwent H. Pylori with fecal antigen of test, followed by a recurrence evaluation six months later. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic data and presenting symptoms between the study groups. The eradication rate of H. pylori infection was significantly higher in probiotic group (78.4%), compared to that of placebo group (64.8%) (P=0.033). In addition, adverse events were significantly less prevalent in patients that received probiotic (P=0.047). Nonetheless, there was no significant difference in terms of infection recurrence during a 6-month follow-up (P=0.07). Conclusion: Double strain probiotic in combination with STT increased the eradication rate of H. pylori infection, while the adverse events due to antibiotic therapy decrease

Acute hepatitis (Non Hepa A-E) of unknown origin among pediatrics

Several clusters and individual cases of acute hepatitis have been reported in the US, Europe and recently in Asia and Central America since October 2021. A laboratory investigation of the common viral hepatitis agents (HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV and HEV) yielded negative results prompting the use of the term "acute non HepA-E hepatitis" to describe this condition. As of 24 June of 2022, WHO have reported 920 probable cases of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin among pediatrics in 33 countries in five WHO regions. Since the previous reports on 27 May 2022, 270 new probable cases have been increased, including from four new countries, some of whom were also found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2. All the patients showed symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, and abdominal pain. The patients' liver enzymes were remarkably increased. No connection with SARS-CoV-2 or its vaccine has been found so far. However, the suspected cause is adenovirus, including its genomic variations, because its pathogenesis and laboratory investigations have been positively linked. Until further evidence emerges, hygiene precautions could be helpful to prevent its spread

The Use of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Technology in Molecular Analysis of Microbial Pathogenesis

Mass spectrometry is a method of evaluation used to identify which particles compose an example based on the ions' mass spectrum. Mass spectrometers can perform conventional detection and quantitation of target analytes. However, they can also be used for the rapid discovery of bacteria within a medical setting. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometer is one of the most prominent MS tools applied in biology, with its robust and accurate recognition of categories and types of a wide variety of Gram-positive and negative microorganisms. Mass spectrometry detection is based on determining a particular range of each kind and matching it with a comprehensive data source within the tool. Today's study describes the history and sample preparation of the MALDI-TOF MS technique. Moreover, the applications of MALDI-TOF MS microbial recognition in the center and the presence of antimicrobial resistance will be presented. Besides, the present restrictions and future use of MALDI-TOF MS in forthcoming daily scientific practice are reviewed. In this review, microorganisms will also be addressed in future clinical applications, primarily using MALDI-TOF MS in microbiology to identify and analyze antibiotic resistance

Gut Microbiota and Human Body Interactions; Its Impact on Health: A Review

Gut microbiota (GM), as an organ of the human body, has a particular and autonomous function that is related to it. This review aims to investigate human intestinal and gut microbiota interaction and its impact on health. As a creation referable database about this dynamic and complex organ, several comprehensive projects are implemented by using culture-dependent (culturomics), culture-independent methods ( e.g., metagenomics, mathematics model), and Gnotobiological together. This study was done by searching PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar database in the gut, health microbiota, and interaction keywords. The first acquired microbiota during pregnancy or childbirth is colonized in the gut by using specific and non-specific mechanisms. Its structure and shape reach relative stability with selection pressure along with host development until adulthood and keeps its resilience against external or internal variables depending on the host's genetics and negative feedback. According to research, individuals have 2 functional group microbiotas, including the core (common between vast majorities human) and flexible (transient population) microbiome. The most important role of the GM in the human body can be summarized in three basic landscapes: metabolic, immune system, and gut-brain axis interaction. So, the loss of microbial population balance will lead to disorder and disease