Résultats au bout de 9 ans d'une plantation expérimentale de sapin de Céphalonie dans les Alpes de Haute Provence

Le sapin de Céphalonie est une espèce potentielle de reboisement et des provenances utilisables en région méditerranéenne française ont été identifiées. Toutefois son utilisation pose encore des problèmes liés à la production des plants en pépinière, à la transplantation et aux techniques d'introduction. L'article décrit une plantation expérimentale en forêt domaniale de Pélicier à Manosque (04). Les facteurs expérimentaux pris en compte sont : - l'ombrage en plantation (les plantations ont été faites soit en plein découvert, soit dans des bandes déboisées) ; - la date de plantation. L'effet de l'abri latéral provoqué par les bandes est très important à la fois sur les taux de reprise et en tant que protection vis-à-vis du gel

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Assessing Dental Health

The present study investigated the distribution profile of dental caries and its association with areas of social deprivation at the individual and contextual level. The cluster sample consisted of 1,002 12-year-old schoolchildren from Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The DMFT Index was used for dental caries and the Care Index was used to determine access to dental services. On the individual level, variables were associated with a better oral status. On the contextual level, areas were not associated with oral status. However, maps enabled determining that the central districts have better social and oral conditions than the deprived outlying districts

Fatal Outcome in Bacteremia is Characterized by High Plasma Cell Free DNA Concentration and Apoptotic DNA Fragmentation: A Prospective Cohort Study

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown that apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. High plasma cell free DNA (cf-DNA) concentrations have been shown to be associated with sepsis outcome. The origin of cf-DNA is unclear. METHODS: Total plasma cf-DNA was quantified directly in plasma and the amplifiable cf-DNA assessed using quantitative PCR in 132 patients with bacteremia caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, ß-hemolytic streptococcae or Escherichia coli. The quality of cf-DNA was analyzed with a DNA Chip assay performed on 8 survivors and 8 nonsurvivors. Values were measured on days 1-4 after positive blood culture, on day 5-17 and on recovery. RESULTS: The maximum cf-DNA values on days 1-4 (n = 132) were markedly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (2.03 vs 1.26 ug/ml, p<0.001) and the AUCROC in the prediction of case fatality was 0.81 (95% CI 0.69-0.94). cf-DNA at a cut-off level of 1.52 ug/ml showed 83% sensitivity and 79% specificity for fatal disease. High cf-DNA (>1.52 ug/ml) remained an independent risk factor for case fatality in a logistic regression model. Qualitative analysis of cf-DNA showed that cf-DNA displayed a predominating low-molecular-weight cf-DNA band (150-200 bp) in nonsurvivors, corresponding to the size of the apoptotic nucleosomal DNA. cf-DNA concentration showed a significant positive correlation with visually graded apoptotic band intensity (R = 0.822, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma cf-DNA concentration proved to be a specific independent prognostic biomarker in bacteremia. cf-DNA displayed a predominating low-molecular-weight cf-DNA band in nonsurvivors corresponding to the size of apoptotic nucleosomal DNA

Social capital and dental pain in Brazilian northeast: a multilevel cross-sectional study.

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is limited evidence on possible associations between social determinants and dental pain. This study investigated the relationship of neighborhood and individual social capital with dental pain in adolescents, adults and the elderly.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A population-based multilevel study was conducted involving 624 subjects from 3 age groups: 15–19, 35–44 and 65–74 years. They were randomly selected from 30 census tracts in three cities in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. A two-stage cluster sampling was used considering census tracts and households as sampling units. The outcome of study was the presence of dental pain in the last 6 months. Information on dental pain, demographic, socio-economic, health-related behaviors, use of dental services, self-perceived oral health and social capital measures was collected through interviews. Participants underwent a clinical examination for assessment of dental caries. Neighborhood social capital was evaluated using aggregated measures of social trust, social control, empowerment, political efficacy and neighborhood safety. Individual social capital assessment included bonding and bridging social capital. Multilevel logistic regression was used to test the relationship of neighborhood and individual social capital with dental pain after sequential adjustment for covariates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Individuals living in neighborhoods with high social capital were 52% less likely to report dental pain than those living in neighborhoods with low social capital (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27-0.85). Bonding social capital (positive interaction) was independently associated with dental pain (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.80-0.91). Last dental visit, self-perceived oral health and number of decayed teeth were also significantly associated with dental pain.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our findings suggest that contextual and individual social capital are independently associated with dental pain.</p

Influence of cutting methods and dates on stump sprouting in Holm oak (Quercus ilex L) coppice

The goals of this study were to compare height growth of stump sprouts in Quercus ilex stools cut by different methods at various times during the year. Four cutting methods were compared: chain saw at ground level and at 15 cm above ground, axe, and 'saut du piquet' ('stump breaking'). Cuttings were carried out every 2 months for a period of 1 year. Several important results can be described 4 years after cutting. Cuttings performed during the dormant season resulted in minimum stool mortality, and maximum new sprout number, height and diameter growth. An exception was cutting made during a winter frost period. Summer cuttings led to the poorest growth which, however, tended to be regained in subsequent years. Axe and chain saw cuttings yielded better results than 'saut du piquet' cutting. This last method resulted in high stool mortality and both fewer and smaller sprouts. Sprouts appeared to be more numerous and grew better when the stools initially had large and numerous shoots.Influence des méthodes et dates d'exploitation sur la régénération par rejets de souche des taillis de chêne vert (Quercus ilex L). L'objectif de cette étude est de comparer la croissance de cépées de chêne vert (Quercus ilex L) exploitées par différentes méthodes, à différentes époques de l'année. Quatre méthodes d'exploitation ont été comparées : tronçonneuse au ras du sol et à 15 cm au-dessus du sol, hache et «saut du piquet». Les exploitations ont été faites tous les 2 mois pendant une année entière. Les principaux résultats obtenus 4 années après exploitation sont les suivants. Les exploitations faites hors saison de végétation donnent les meilleurs résultats du point de vue de la survie des cépées initiales, du nombre et de la croissance en hauteur et en diamètre des nouveaux rejets, à l'exception des exploitations faites en période de gel hivernal. Les exploitations pendant l'été donnent de moins bons résultats mais il semble y avoir un rattrapage les années suivantes. Les exploitations à la hache et à la tronçonneuse donnent de meilleurs résultats que la méthode du «saut du piquet» qui cumule une mortalité importante des cépées, et des rejets plus petits et en nombre moins important. II apparaît enfin que les rejets sont d'autant plus nombreux et vigoureux que les cépées initiales ont beaucoup de brins et que ceux-ci sont de grande dimension

Les facteurs de productivité du Pin noir d'Autriche (Pinus nigra Arnold. ssp. nigricans Host. austriaca Hoss. Novak) dans les Alpes du Sud

International audienc

Les facteurs de productivite du pin noir d'Autriche (Pinus nigra Arnold. ssp. nigricans Host. austriaca Hoss. Novak) dans les Alpes du Sud

A partir des données d’ordre floristique, écologique et dendrométrique recueillies sur un échantillonnage d’une centaine de placettes de pin noir d’Autriche dans le Sud-Est de la France, une analyse factorielle des correspondances a permis de mettre en évidence des liaisons statistiques entre ces trois types de variables. Ainsi, c’est à l’étage montagnard (et, dans celui-ci, plus à la série du hêtre qu’à celle du pin sylvestre) que sont associés des sols épais et de fortes productivités. Les liaisons entre la productivité d’une part, les facteurs bioclimatiques et écologiques d'autre part, ont été étudiées grâce à des calculs de régressions multiples. Une bonne partie de la variabilité est expliquée par les caractéristiques physiques des sols (épaisseurs de l’horizon Ao, profondeur de l’enracinement et de la roche-mère). Les facteurs bioclimatiques, en particulier l’attitude compensée, montrent ensuite qu’à l’étage montagnard (accroissement moyen à 80 ans de 7,0 m3/ha/an) ce sont les facteurs macroclimatiques qui prédominent, tandis qu’à l’étage méditerranéen (accroissement moyen à 80 ans de 5,8 m3/ha/an) ce sont les facteurs stationnels, édaphiques et mésoclimatiques, qui sont déterminants.From floristical, ecological and dendrometrical data gathered on about hundred Pinus nigra nigricans sampling plots, in South East of France, a multivirate analysis allowed to analyse their statistical links. Thus, mountain stage (and inside it, more in the beech serial than in the Scot Pine one) is associated with deep soils and high productivity. The use of « compensed altitude » notion (M. BECKER 1979) and of multiple regression allowed to go further into the statistical links between productivity and bioclimate factors : at mountain stage, macroclimate factors are towering whereas at submediterranean stage (pubescent oak stage) the site factors (mesoclimatic and soil factors) are the most important, which explains the bigger variability of Pinus nigra nigricans productivity at this stage

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 193 8 936 940

Mast cell tumour, a common skin tumour of dogs, was treated effectively with radiation in 85 dogs. Prognosis for tumour-free and survival times were affected by several factors. Dogs with mast cell tumour of the extremities and dogs with clinical stage 0 (no gross evidence of disease), had significantly longer tumour-free times than did dogs with mast cell tumours of the trunk and dogs with stages II and III neoplasms. Survival times also were influenced by neoplasm location, clinical stage, and neoplasm grade. Dogs with grade II mast cell tumours lived longer than did dogs with grade III mast cell tumours. Overall tumour-free and survival rates were 78.8 and 77% and 76.2 and 73.2% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. At 1 year, the rate of metastasis was higher for dogs with grade III neoplasms, for dogs with neoplasms on the trunk, and for dogs with clinical stages II and III neoplasms.