3,216 research outputs found
Street and dwelling: relationship between public space and community life
The public space is basic and complementary to dwelling, because of the activities that are done there, so, this space is considered as a physical, functional and sociocultural extension of what occurs within houses. In order to understand this relationship, it is important to know the historical fact through their recent expression, because it is an opportunity to rethink the proper and consistency of our public spaces as well as their scales, fields and complementary relationships with the aim to create an external and holistic habitat of dwelling but at the same time interdependent with it, fundamental basis for defining its quality and livability. The methodology is mixed: observation of the buildings as well as inhabitant and user survey.El espacio público es fundamental como ámbito complementario a la vivienda debido a que en él ocurren las actividades que no tienen cabida en ésta. El espacio público es extensión fÃsica funcional y sociocultural de lo que ocurre al interior del hogar. Para comprender esta relación, es vital conocer desde una perspectiva histórica sus manifestaciones aún presentes como la oportunidad para repensar sobre lo oportuno y consistente que tienen nuestros espacios públicos, sus escalas, sus ámbitos y sus relaciones complementarias para conformar el todo del hábitat externo a la vivienda, pero interdependiente con ella, y base fundamental para definir la calidad de éste y su habitabilidad. La metodologÃa es mixta de observación de lo construido e interrogación al habitante y usuario
Proyecto PREDIRCAM 2. Análisis preliminar de uso y valoración de la plataforma
En la actualidad, la prevalencia de las enfermedades no transmisibles (Non-communicable diseases NCD) y la cantidad de muertes causadas por éstas es muy elevada, en su mayorÃa, consecuencia del envejecimiento de la población, el aumento de la obesidad y los hábitos de vida sedentarios. En este trabajo se describen el funcionamiento y los resultados preliminares del proyecto Predircam 2, destinado al desarrollo y validación de una plataforma inteligente de tecnologÃas biomédicas para la monitorización, prevención y tratamiento personalizados del sobrepeso, la obesidad y la prevención de enfermedades asociadas como la diabetes, hipertensión arterial o alteraciones del metabolismo lipÃdico. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los resultados preliminares del análisis del uso de la plataforma, la evaluación de la usabilidad y la valoración de la atención recibida por los pacientes en relación a los profesionales sanitarios
El impacto de la cultura organizacional sobre la actitud al cambio de los colaboradores en una empresa del sector retail en Perú
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar el impacto de los tipos de cultura organizacional en la actitud al cambio de los colaboradores en una empresa peruana de retail. Para ello, se utilizó en primer lugar como base el modelo de actitud al cambio propuesto por Dunham, Grube, Gardner, Cummings y Pierce (1989). En segundo lugar, para identificar los tipos de cultura organizacional, se aplicó el modelo de Denison (Denison & Neale, 2000), con la finalidad de identificar el impacto de los tipos de cultura organizacional en la actitud al cambio.
Sobre la base de estas investigaciones, se diseñó un estudio cuantitativo, explicativo, no experimental y de corte transversal en el que participaron 506 colaboradores de tiendas en Lima Metropolitana y provincias de una empresa de retail. Los resultados encontrados demuestran que el tipo de cultura organizacional involucramiento predice de manera significativa y positiva la actitud al cambio organizacional total. A mayor profundidad, se demostró también que las subdimensiones de cultura empowerment, acuerdo, aprendizaje organizacional, y dirección e intención estratégica impactan en la subdimensión cognitiva de la actitud al cambio, y que la subdimensión de cultura metas y objetivos impacta en la subdimensión afectiva de la actitud al cambio
Sexual Education: European Health Promotion. Training Guide
Working on sexual education is one of the most pressing, but also one of the most difficult issues facing today’s
educational systems. Reflecting these challenges in an international project is an excellent opportunity to find
new reflections and approaches.
From a holistic, properly contextualized perspective, the EdSeX project presents well-founded work suggestions
that make us think about what is expected from sexual education, from childhood to higher education, reflecting
the training of professionals who work in area of health and education. There are many issues associated with
sexuality that continue to concern us and that need to be addressed from childhood.
Sexual identity begins to be defined early, and it is also early that stereotypical ideas begin to be constructed.
After many years in which biological determinism prevailed that considered the nature of men to be different
from the nature of women, the concept of gender considers that the cultural issues associated with sexual
identity are a social construct. Conceiving the definition of gender, in a broad, multidimensional sense, taking
into account identity, sexual orientation, personal skills and interests, the deconstruction of stereotypical ideas
is the basis for building greater equity between everyone from childhood.
This process implies that sexual education begins by building a critical knowledge of oneself and of others,
in the recognition of diversity, from a citizenship perspective. Knowledge of oneself and of the other is also
the basis for understanding the social context and the variables that characterize it, namely the risks that an
uninformed sexuality can entail.
The prevention of sexual and emotional violence starts early and must be worked on constructively at the
various levels of education, without forgetting higher education and the training of future health and education
professionals who will have to do this work with increasingly diverse audiences. In this complex context, having
a support script based on diverse experiences is excellent guidance that the EdSeX project provides us.
This Guide promotes sexual education as a dynamic learning process, from a dialogical perspective, giving
visibility to sexual, linguistic and cultural diversity, using digital media in a constructive and critical way.
In addition to the work resources provided, the project has the added value of the methodological part built
that leaves the way open for the development of the work already started in the different countries involved,
in terms of training and research.
May the EdSeX project be the basis for the construction of many more projects!info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Impaired Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Spanish Cohort of Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, ranging from mild to critical disease in symptomatic subjects. It is essential to better understand the immunologic responses occurring in patients with the most severe outcomes. In this study, parameters related to the humoral immune response elicited against SARS-CoV-2 were analysed in 61 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centres in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Subjects were allocated as mild patients without hospitalization, severe patients hospitalized or critical patients requiring ICU assistance. Critical patients showed significantly enhanced levels of B cells with memory and plasmablast phenotypes, as well as higher levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with neutralization ability, which were particularly increased in male gender. Despite all this, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was defective in these individuals. Besides, patients with critical COVID-19 also showed increased IgG levels against herpesvirus such as CMV, EBV, HSV-1 and VZV, as well as detectable CMV and EBV viremia in plasma. Altogether, these results suggest an enhanced but ineffectual immune response in patients with critical COVID-19 that allowed latent herpesvirus reactivation. These findings should be considered during the clinical management of these patients due to the potential contribution to the most severe disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de MicrobiologÃa (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM) and a generous donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain). The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication. This work was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019 110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación CientÃfica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF); Miguel Servet - AESI, MPY 341/21. The work of ML-H and SR is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of MT is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_00679). The work of LV is supported by a predoctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER).S
Educação Sexual: Promover a Saúde Europeia. Guia formativo
Trabalhar a educação sexual é uma das questões mais prementes, mas também das mais difÃceis com que
se confrontam os sistemas educativos da atualidade. Refletir estes desafios num projeto internacional, é uma
excelente oportunidade para encontrar novas reflexões e abordagens.
A partir de uma perspetiva holÃstica, devidamente contextualizada, o projeto EdSeX, vem apresentar sugestões
de trabalho bem fundamentadas que nos fazem pensar no que se espera da educação sexual, desde a
infância, até ao ensino superior, refletindo a formação de profissionais que trabalham na área da saúde e da
educação. São muitas as questões associadas à sexualidade que nos continuam a preocupar e que carecem
de ser trabalhadas desde a infância.
A identidade sexual começa a definir-se precocemente, e é também precocemente que se começam
a construir ideias estereotipadas. Depois de muitos anos em que predominou um determinismo biológico
que considerava que a natureza dos homens é diferente da natureza das mulheres, o conceito de género
considera que as questões culturais associadas à identidade sexual são um constructo social. Concebendo a
definição de género, num sentido amplo, multidimensional, tendo em conta a identidade, orientação sexual,
as competências pessoais e interesses, a desconstrução de ideias estereotipadas é a base para a construção
de uma maior equidade entre todos e todas desde a infância.
Este processo implica que a educação sexual comece pela construção de um conhecimento critico de si próprio
e dos/as outros/as, no reconhecimento da diversidade, numa perspetiva de cidadania. O conhecimento de
si e do outro, é também a base para o conhecimento do contexto social e das variáveis que o caracterizam,
nomeadamente os riscos que uma sexualidade pouco informada pode implicar.
A prevenção da violência a nÃvel sexual e afetivo começa precocemente e tem que ser trabalhada de
forma construtiva nos vários nÃveis de ensino, sem esquecer o ensino superior e a formação dos futuros/
as profissionais de saúde e de educação que vão ter que fazer este trabalho com públicos cada vez mais
diversificados. Neste contexto complexo, ter um Guião de apoio baseado em experiências diversificadas é
uma excelente orientação que o projeto EdSeX nos proporciona.
Este Guião promove a educação sexual como um processo de aprendizagem dinâmico, numa perspetiva
dialógica, dando visibilidade à diversidade sexual, linguÃstica e cultural, recorrendo aos meios digitais de
forma construtiva e critica.
A par dos recursos de trabalho fornecidos, o projeto tem a mais-valia da parte metodológica construÃda que
deixa o caminho aberto para o desenvolvimento do trabalho já iniciado nos diferentes paÃses envolvidos, a
nÃvel da formação e investigação.
Que o projeto EdSeX seja a base para a construção de muitos mais projetos!info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Changes in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with severe COVID-19 treated with high dose of vitamin D
Main cause of severe illness and death in COVID-19 patients appears to be an excessive but ineffectual inflammatory immune response that may cause severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Vitamin D may favour an anti-inflammatory environment and improve cytotoxic response against some infectious diseases. A multicenter, single-blind, prospective, randomized clinical trial was approved in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of 14.8 ng/ml (SD: 6.18) to test antiviral efficacy, tolerance and safety of 10,000 IU/day of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for 14 days, in comparison with 2000 IU/day. After supplementation, mean serum 25(OH)D levels increased to 19 ng/ml on average in 2000 IU/day versus 29 ng/ml in 10,000 IU/day group (p < 0.0001). Although levels of inflammatory cytokines were not modified by treatment with 10,000 IU/day, there was an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and higher levels of CD4+ T cells, with predominance of T central memory subpopulation. Cytotoxic response against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infected cells was increased more than 4-fold in patients who received 10,000 IU/day. Moreover, levels of IFNγ were significantly higher in this group. Beneficial effect of supplementation with 10,000 IU/day was also observed in participants who developed ARDS and stayed at the hospital for 8.0 days, whereas those who received 2000 IU/day stayed for 29.2 days (p = 0.0381). Administration of high doses of vitamin D3 as adjuvant of the standard care treatment during hospitalization for COVID-19 may improve the inflammatory environment and cytotoxic response against pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, shortening the hospital stay and, possibly, improving the prognosis.We greatly appreciate all the patients for their participation in this study. We thank the excellent secretarial assistance of Mrs Olga Palao at the Centro Nacional de MicrobiologÃa (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III). The authors also acknowledge MarÃa C. de la Cruz at Unidad Central de Apoyo a la Investigación ClÃnica y Ensayos ClÃnicos (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañon; IiSGM) for her advice and assistance related to the clinical research with medicines. This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at CNM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019–110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación CientÃfica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2016–2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF) and Fundación Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (FUAX, Madrid, Spain; Reference 1012010). The work of Montserrat Torres is financed by the Coordinated Research Activities at the CNM (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679). The work of MarÃa Rosa López-Huertas and Sara RodrÃguez-Mora is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of Lorena Vigón is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER). The work of Fernando Ramos MartÃn is financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019–110275RB-I00). Drug Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) used in the study was donated by Italfarmaco Group (Cholecalciferol 25,000IU/2,5 ml oral solution). Italfarmaco Group had no role in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.S
Impaired Cytotoxic Response in PBMCs From Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU: Biomarkers to Predict Disease Severity
Infection by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes different presentations of COVID-19 and some patients may progress to a critical, fatal form of the disease that requires their admission to ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation. In order to predict in advance which patients could be more susceptible to develop a critical form of COVID-19, it is essential to define the most adequate biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed several parameters related to the cellular immune response in blood samples from 109 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centers in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Hospitalized patients with the most severe forms of COVID-19 showed a potent inflammatory response that was not translated into an efficient immune response. Despite the high levels of effector cytotoxic cell populations such as NK, NKT and CD8+ T cells, they displayed immune exhaustion markers and poor cytotoxic functionality against target cells infected with pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 or cells lacking MHC class I molecules. Moreover, patients with critical COVID-19 showed low levels of the highly cytotoxic TCRγδ+ CD8+ T cell subpopulation. Conversely, CD4 count was greatly reduced in association to high levels of Tregs, low plasma IL-2 and impaired Th1 differentiation. The relative importance of these immunological parameters to predict COVID-19 severity was analyzed by Random Forest algorithm and we concluded that the most important features were related to an efficient cytotoxic response. Therefore, efforts to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection should be focused not only to decrease the disproportionate inflammatory response, but also to elicit an efficient cytotoxic response against the infected cells and to reduce viral replication.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de MicrobiologÃa (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr. Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM); a generous donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain); the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019-110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acciá½¹n Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigaciá½¹n CientÃfica, Desarrollo e Innovaciá½¹n Tecnolá½¹gica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF). The work of ML-H and SR-M is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of LH is supported by a pre-doctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER).S
Educación sexual: promoción de la salud europea. GuÃa formativa
Trabajar en educación sexual es una de las cuestiones más apremiantes, pero también una de las más
difÃciles, a las que se enfrentan los sistemas educativos en la actualidad. Reflejar estos desafÃos en un proyecto
internacional es una excelente oportunidad para encontrar nuevas reflexiones y enfoques.
Desde una perspectiva holÃstica y adecuadamente contextualizada, el proyecto EdSeX presenta fundamentadas
sugerencias de trabajo que nos hacen pensar en lo que se espera de la educación sexual, desde la infancia
hasta la educación superior, reflejando la formación de los profesionales que actúan en el área de la salud y
educación. Hay muchas cuestiones asociadas a la sexualidad que nos siguen preocupando y necesitan ser
abordadas desde la infancia.
La identidad sexual comienza a definirse tempranamente, y también es temprano cuando se comienzan
a construir ideas estereotipadas. Luego de muchos años en los que prevaleció el determinismo biológico,
considerando la naturaleza de los hombres como diferente a la de las mujeres, el concepto de género considera
que las cuestiones culturales asociadas a la identidad sexual son una construcción social. Concebiendo la
definición de género, en un sentido amplio y multidimensional, teniendo en cuenta la identidad, la orientación
sexual, las capacidades y los intereses personales, la deconstrucción de ideas estereotipadas es la base para
construir una mayor equidad entre todos desde la niñez.
Este proceso implica que la educación sexual comienza con la construcción del conocimiento crÃtico de
uno mismo y de los demás, en el reconocimiento de la diversidad, desde una perspectiva de ciudadanÃa.
El conocimiento de uno mismo y de los demás es también la base para comprender el contexto social y las
variables que lo caracterizan, es decir, los riesgos que puede conllevar una sexualidad desinformada.
La prevención de la violencia sexual y emocional comienza temprano y debe trabajarse de manera constructiva
en los diferentes niveles educativos, sin olvidar la educación superior y la formación de los futuros profesionales
de la salud y la educación que tendrán que hacer esta labor con públicos cada vez más diversos. En este
contexto complejo, contar con una hoja de ruta de apoyo basada en diversas experiencias es una excelente
guÃa que nos brinda el proyecto EdSeX.
Esta GuÃa promueve la educación sexual como un proceso de aprendizaje dinámico, desde una perspectiva
dialógica, dando visibilidad a la diversidad sexual, lingüÃstica y cultural, utilizando los medios digitales de
manera constructiva y crÃtica.
Además de los recursos de trabajo aportados, el proyecto tiene el valor añadido de la parte metodológica
construida que deja abierto el camino al desarrollo de los trabajos ya iniciados en los diferentes paÃses
implicados, en materia de formación e investigación.
¡Que el proyecto EdSeX sea la base para la construcción de muchos más proyectos!info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Educazione sessuale: promuovere la salute europea. Guida alla formazione
Lavorare sull’educazione sessuale è uno dei temi più urgenti, ma anche uno dei più difficili da affrontare i
sistemi educativi di oggi si trovano a confrontarsi. Riflettere queste sfide in un progetto internazionale è a
ottima occasione per trovare nuove riflessioni e approcci.
Da una prospettiva olistica, opportunamente contestualizzata, il progetto EdSeX presenta suggerimenti
piani di lavoro ben fondati che ci fanno riflettere su cosa ci si aspetta dall’educazione sessuale, da infanzia,
fino all’istruzione superiore, riflettendo la formazione dei professionisti che operano nel settore sanitario e
formazione scolastica. Ci sono molte questioni legate alla sessualità che continuano a preoccuparci e che ne
hanno bisogno su cui lavorare fin dall’infanzia.
L’identità sessuale comincia a definirsi presto, ed è presto anche quello costruire idee stereotipate. Dopo molti
anni in cui prevaleva il determinismo biologico chi riteneva che la natura degli uomini fosse diversa dalla natura
delle donne, il concetto di genere ritiene che le questioni culturali legate all’identità sessuale siano un costrutto
sociale. Concepire il definizione di genere, in senso ampio e multidimensionale, tenendo conto dell’identità ,
dell’orientamento sessuale, competenze e interessi personali, la decostruzione delle idee stereotipate è la base
per costruire di maggiore uguaglianza tra tutti fin dall’infanzia.
Questo processo implica che l’educazione sessuale inizi con la costruzione di una conoscenza critica di sé e
degli altri, nel riconoscimento della diversità , in una prospettiva di cittadinanza. La conoscenza di sé e gli altri,
costituisce anche la base per la conoscenza del contesto sociale e delle variabili che lo caratterizzano, vale a
dire i rischi che la sessualità non informata può comportare.
La prevenzione della violenza sessuale ed emotiva inizia presto e occorre lavorarci sopra modo costruttivo ai
diversi livelli di istruzione, senza dimenticare l’istruzione superiore e la formazione dei futuri/ professionisti della
sanità e dell’istruzione che dovranno svolgere questo lavoro con sempre maggiore frequenza diversificato. In
questo contesto complesso, avere una Guida di supporto basata su esperienze diverse è importante eccellente
guida che il progetto EdSeX ci fornisce.
Questa Guida promuove l’educazione sessuale come processo di apprendimento dinamico, da una prospettiva
prospettiva dialogico, dando visibilità alla diversità sessuale, linguistica e culturale, utilizzando i mezzi digitali
modo costruttivo e critico.
Oltre alle risorse lavorative previste, il progetto ha il valore aggiunto della parte metodologica costruita che
lascia la strada aperta allo sviluppo del lavoro già avviato nei diversi paesi coinvolti, il livello di formazione e
ricerca.
Possa il progetto EdSeX essere la base per la costruzione di tanti altri progetti!N/
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