Restrukturierungszwänge internationaler Fluggesellschaften und die Regulierung grenzüberschreitender Airline-M&As

Fluggesellschaften sehen sich heute trotz steigender Nachfrage einem intensiven Wettbewerb gegenüber. Ihre Renditen fallen aber im Vergleich zu anderen Branchen relativ gering aus. In jüngerer Zeit konnten in einigen Märkten vermehrt Fusionen und Übernahmen von Fluggesellschaften beobachtet werden. Beispiele hierfür sind die Fusion von Continental Airlines und United Airlines aus den USA oder die Übernahme von Austrian Airlines durch die Deutsche Lufthansa in Europa. Während Transaktionen in den USA innerhalb nationalstaatlicher Grenzen stattfinden und zu einer vollständigen Post Merger Integration führen, werden sie in Europa vornehmlich grenzüberschreitend vollzogen und bedienen sich komplexer Holdingstrukturen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt mithilfe einer Tobins q-Analyse und einer Eventstudie, dass die Kapitalmärkte zurückhaltend auf die eingeschränkten Zusammenschlüsse in Europa reagieren. Ferner zeigt sie, dass nationale sowie internationale Vorschriften und Regulierungen erfolgversprechende und ökonomisch sinnvolle grenzüberschreitende Zusammenschlüsse behindern

Impact of different levels of geographical disaggregation of wind and PV electricity generation in large energy system models: A case study for Austria

This paper assesses how different levels of geographical disaggregation of wind and photovoltaic energy resources could affect the outcomes of an energy system model by 2020 and 2050. Energy system models used for policy making typically have high technology detail but little spatial detail. However, the generation potential and integration costs of variable renewable energy sources and their time profile of production depend on geographic characteristics and infrastructure in place. For a case study for Austria we generate spatially highly resolved synthetic time series for potential production locations of wind power and PV. There are regional differences in the costs for wind turbines but not for PV. However, they are smaller than the cost reductions induced by technological learning from one modelled decade to the other. The wind availability shows significant regional differences where mainly the differences for summer days and winter nights are important. The solar availability for PV installations is more homogenous. We introduce these wind and PV data into the energy system model JRC-EU-TIMES with different levels of regional disaggregation. Results show that up to the point that the maximum potential is reached disaggregating wind regions significantly affects results causing lower electricity generation from wind and PV

Renewable, ethical? Assessing the energy justice potential of renewable electricity

Energy justice is increasingly being used as a framework to conceptualize the impacts of energy decision making in more holistic ways and to consider the social implications in terms of existing ethical values. Similarly, renewable energy technologies are increasingly being promoted for their environmental and social benefits. However, little work has been done to systematically examine the extent to which, in what ways and in what contexts, renewable energy technologies can contribute to achieving energy justice. This paper assesses the potential of renewable electricity technologies to address energy justice in various global contexts via a systematic review of existing studies analyzed in terms of the principles and dimensions of energy justice. Based on publications including peer reviewed academic literature, books, and in some cases reports by government or international organizations, we assess renewable electricity technologies in both grid integrated and off-grid use contexts. We conduct our investigation through the rubric of the affirmative and prohibitive principles of energy justice and in terms of its temporal, geographic, socio-political, economic, and technological dimensions. Renewable electricity technology development has and continue to have different impacts in different social contexts, and by considering the different impacts explicitly across global contexts, including differences between rural and urban contexts, this paper contributes to identifying and understanding how, in what ways, and in what particular conditions and circumstances renewable electricity technologies may correspond with or work to promote energy justice