8,641 research outputs found
The financial market crisis – breaking the vicious circle to avoid the credit crunch?
The article is devoted to the financial market crisis, which started in July 2007 and how it became the biggest financial crisis since the Great Depreession. The article submins the information about the impacts of the crisis all over the world and the role of central banks and governments in fighting the crisis. It also gives some suggestions for stabilizing financial markets in the future. = Статья посвящена кризису финансового рынка, который начался в июле 2007г. и стал самым крупным финансовым кризисом со времен Великой Депрессии. В статье предоставлена информация о влиянии кризиса во всем мире и роли центральных банков и правительства в борьбе с кризисом. Также даны рекомендации по стабилизации финансовых рынков в будущем
Spectral properties of Bunimovich mushroom billiards
Properties of a quantum mushroom billiard in the form of a superconducting
microwave resonator have been investigated. They reveal unexpected nonuniversal
features such as, e.g., a supershell effect in the level density and a dip in
the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution. Theoretical predictions for the
quantum properties of mixed systems rely on the sharp separability of phase
space - an unusual property met by mushroom billiards. We however find
deviations which are ascribed to the presence of dynamic tunneling.Comment: 4 pages, 7 .eps-figure
The Transition from German to English in the Missouri Synod from 1910-1947
One of the features that marks the Missouri Synod is the fact that for a long period of time it has been able to retain the German language. For years it has held to the German language as a defense against liberalism and rationalism
Nonperiodic echoes from mushroom billiard hats
Mushroom billiards have the remarkable property to show one or more clear cut
integrable islands in one or several chaotic seas, without any fractal
boundaries. The islands correspond to orbits confined to the hats of the
mushrooms, which they share with the chaotic orbits. It is thus interesting to
ask how long a chaotic orbit will remain in the hat before returning to the
stem. This question is equivalent to the inquiry about delay times for
scattering from the hat of the mushroom into an opening where the stem should
be. For fixed angular momentum we find that no more than three different delay
times are possible. This induces striking nonperiodic structures in the delay
times that may be of importance for mesoscopic devices and should be accessible
to microwave experiments.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. E without the appendi
Succinct Partial Sums and Fenwick Trees
We consider the well-studied partial sums problem in succint space where one
is to maintain an array of n k-bit integers subject to updates such that
partial sums queries can be efficiently answered. We present two succint
versions of the Fenwick Tree - which is known for its simplicity and
practicality. Our results hold in the encoding model where one is allowed to
reuse the space from the input data. Our main result is the first that only
requires nk + o(n) bits of space while still supporting sum/update in O(log_b
n) / O(b log_b n) time where 2 <= b <= log^O(1) n. The second result shows how
optimal time for sum/update can be achieved while only slightly increasing the
space usage to nk + o(nk) bits. Beyond Fenwick Trees, the results are primarily
based on bit-packing and sampling - making them very practical - and they also
allow for simple optimal parallelization
Distribution of survival times of deliberate Plasmodium falciparum infections in tertiary syphilis patients
Survival time data of Plasmodium falciparum infections from deliberate infection of human subjects with P. falciparum between 1940 and 1963 as a treatment for neurosyphilis in the USA (Georgia) have been used to test the fits of five commonly used parametric distributions for survival times using quantile-quantile plots. Our results suggest that the best fit is obtained from the Gompertz or Weibull distributions. This result has important implications for mathematical modelling of malaria, which has for the past century exclusively assumed that the duration of malaria infections has an exponential distribution. It is desirable to know the correct distribution because its shape profoundly influences the length of monitoring needed in an intervention programme for eliminating or reducing malari
Leadership process models: A review and synthesis
In organizational research, studying "processes" is important for uncovering and understanding the underlying causal mechanisms in a predictor-mediator-outcome logic. Processes answer "how" and "why" questions and provide more complete explanations about phenomena. Our focus in this review is on studies of leadership processes, which we systematically analyze to report on the state-of-the science. In doing so, we present a two-dimensional target-centric taxonomy to integrate previous research: The taxonomy distinguishes the target's level (i.e., individual follower, team, organizational, and extra-organizational) as well as the type of leadership processes that affect either the target's development or leverage of resources. Our review indicates that the predominantly studied leadership "meta" process model looks at the effect of leader traits or behaviors on performance-related outcomes through cognitive, affective, or behavioral leveraging factors. This "meta" model points to several important and understudied processes including a leader's influence on the target's development or work context. We also identify two largely overlooked yet critical issues for leadership process research: Modeling the role of time and that of multiple processes through which leadership effects manifest themselves in organizations. Using our taxonomy, we provide several reflection points that can guide the development of genuine and thoughtful leadership process theories. We conclude by urging future leadership process research to embrace multi-process, multi-level, and time-sensitive models
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