The etiology of autism - a review of current concepts

Researches are still trying to figure out what is the real cause of autism. In the years several major concepts conceming patogenical mechanisms of this disease has not been determined. However, none of them turned out to be entirely good. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the concepts and select the ones that have been proven empirically.Researches are still trying to figure out what is the real cause of autism. In the years several major concepts conceming patogenical mechanisms of this disease has not been determined. However, none of them turned out to be entirely good. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the concepts and select the ones that have been proven empirically

The Paradox of Source Credibility in Canadian and U.S. Domestic Counterterrorism Communications

This article examines the interface of rhetorical theories of credibility and the domestic counterterrorism communications of government and nongovernment actors in Canada and the United States. We track evolving attempts to controvert terrorists’ propaganda through official and unofficial channels. Each country has a comprehensive counterterrorism strategy that employs both deterrence and “soft” approaches, such as diplomacy and engagement. Our focus is the latter. First, we discuss how governments undertook counterterrorism communications following September 2001. Second, we explore attempts to engage credible voices outside of government, such as former violent extremists and religious leaders, in the fight against terrorism. We conclude that although counterterrorism messaging must negotiate the challenge of source credibility, further examination of elements such as context, audience reception, and digital engagement is needed to refine domestic campaigns launched by government and civil society actors

Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej „Człowiek w sytuacji granicznej – pedagogiczne interpretacje” Warszawa, 26 marca 2015 roku

3437338024Studia Edukacyjn

Opportunities and Limitations of Persons with the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Realization of Their Own Vision of Adulthood

The article attempts to show different ways of perceiving one’s own adulthood by ASD persons. The reflections concern three areas where neurotypical adults establish strong relations: friendships, partnerships and occupational ties. Analysis of relevant literature and autobiographies of ASD persons helped indicate both possibilities of them realising their life plans and limitations they encounter on the way.3933134919Studia Edukacyjn

Emotional experiences of parents of children with autism

The purpose of this article is to compare the theoretical knowledge with parents' declarations concerning their emotional experiences resulting from the fact of having a child with autism. Main effort was made to indicate factors that affect these experiences, giving them a positive or negative meaning. Understanding the experiences that the parents of children with autism are highly probable to come across is extremely important as it can contribute to designing better supporting system for such families. It can also enhance mothers' and fathers' life satisfaction and increase effectiveness of preventive measures against the burnout phenomenon.The purpose of this article is to compare the theoretical knowledge with parents' declarations concerning their emotional experiences resulting from the fact of having a child with autism. Main effort was made to indicate factors that affect these experiences, giving them a positive or negative meaning. Understanding the experiences that the parents of children with autism are highly probable to come across is extremely important as it can contribute to designing better supporting system for such families. It can also enhance mothers' and fathers' life satisfaction and increase effectiveness of preventive measures against the burnout phenomenon

Sensory and aroma impact of mitigation strategies against sunburn in Riesling

Climate change is an environmental challenge that impacts the wine industry due to frequent sunburn damage triggered by heat waves, sun radiation and severe water deficits. This leads to severe yield losses and sensory changes in the resulting wines, presumably caused by climate-induced off-flavours. This study aims to develop viticultural and oenological strategies to mitigate sunburn damage in the highly sensitive variety Riesling and its detrimental sensory properties. In 2020, we combined the timing and intensity of defoliation measures with the application of kaolin and calcium hydroxide suspensions, reflecting a portion of the solar radiation. Seven treatments were replicated in three field experiments. Grapes from each field replication were maintained as a fermentation replication and, therefore, separately vinified following a standardised protocol. Replicates, including field and fermentation replicates, were further used as sensory replications. Descriptive analysis (DA) and temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) revealed a significant sensory impact of experimental trials in eight of twelve attributes. Additionally, wines were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The early sun exposition treatment with partial defoliation of the grape zone after flowering, followed by a second defoliation at berry closure, reduced fruity aroma but increased smoky notes due to enhanced 4-vinylguajacol formation as well as the intensity of the atypical ageing note (ATA) reminiscent of acacia blossom, naphthalene and fusel alcohols. Applying kaolin or calcium hydroxide particles on the berry skin slightly mitigated these unpleasant effects and even increased fruitiness and sweetness. Late defoliation at berry closure diminished the green note, which was most prominent in the non-defoliated control. Further smokiness and ATA intensities were lowered, in contrast to their rise due to early defoliation. However, late defoliation increased 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN), causing the petrol off-flavour. TDS analysis revealed a higher fruity and sweet dominance during the first 10 seconds due to early defoliation, while late defoliation fostered dominant and lingering sourness. In conclusion, early defoliation, which lowers sunburn incidence due to an early adaptation towards sun exposure, increases smoky and ATA flavours and diminishes fruitiness. These detrimental sensory effects could be significantly mitigated by applying reflecting particles of kaolin and calcium hydroxide on berry skins

Economic Assessment of FMDv Releases from the National Bio and Agro Defense Facility

Citation: Pendell, D. L., Marsh, T. L., Coble, K. H., Lusk, J. L., & Szmania, S. C. (2015). Economic Assessment of FMDv Releases from the National Bio and Agro Defense Facility. Plos One, 10(6), 22. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129134This study evaluates the economic consequences of hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease releases from the future National Bio and Agro Defense Facility in Manhattan, Kansas. Using an economic framework that estimates the impacts to agricultural firms and consumers, quantifies costs to non-agricultural activities in the epidemiologically impacted region, and assesses costs of response to the government, we find the distribution of economic impacts to be very significant. Furthermore, agricultural firms and consumers bear most of the impacts followed by the government and the regional non-agricultural firms

Cellular immunotherapy using dendritic cells against multiple myeloma

Cellular therapy with dendritic cells (DCs) is emerging as a useful immunotherapeutic tool to treat multiple myeloma (MM). DC-based idiotype vaccination was recently suggested to induce idiotype-specific immune responses in MM patients. However, the clinical results so far have been largely disappointing, and the clinical effectiveness of such vaccinations in MM still needs to be demonstrated. DC-based therapies against MM may need to be boosted with other sources of tumor-associated antigens, and potent DCs should be recruited to increase the effectiveness of treatment. DCs with both high migratory capacity and high cytokine production are very important for effective DC-based cancer vaccination in order to induce high numbers of Th1-type CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The tumor microenvironment is also important in the regulation of tumor cell growth, proliferation, and the development of therapeutic resistance after treatment. In this review, we discuss how the efficacy of DC vaccination in MM can be improved. In addition, novel treatment strategies that target not only myeloma cells but also the tumor microenvironment are urgently needed to improve treatment outcomes