Crustacea: The Increasing Economic Importance of Crustaceans to Humans

Crustaceans (subphylum Crustacea) are members of the phylum Arthropods, including crabs, lobsters, crayfish, prawn, shrimp, krill, barnacles, woodlice and beach fleas. The most common types of crustaceans are shrimp and crab. This subphylum is distinguished from other arthropods, including myriapods, insects, and chelicerates, by the presence of two-parted (biramous) appendages, and the hatchling’s nauplius shape. In addition, these arthropods are majorly aquatic, often found in fresh, marine, or brackish water bodies, however, some crabs, hermit crabs, woodlice and other members of the subphylum, are found in terrestrial environments. Also, most crustaceans are free-living while numerous are parasitic (for instance, Rhizocephala, tongue worms, fish lice) and sessile (barnacles). Mostly lived nocturnal. Crustaceans have a great economic importance to humans. The group is of great value directly or indirectly for his health and economic progress, such as aesthetic, commercial, gastronomic, biomedical, bioindicator, biomonitor, geological values, and miscellaneous uses, biodeterioration and poisons

THE AIR QUALITY AND NOISE STUDY IN SETTLEMENTS AND METAL SCRAP MELTING FACTORY

Air is an important component for the survival of living things, especially humans. However, air quality has decreased due to pollution. The harmful elements that enter the atmosphere are Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Particulates (PM10), and Ozone (O3). Noise is defined as unwanted sound or sound so that it disturbs and endangers health. Sources of noise are divided into moving and stationary noise sources. The method used in this research is grab sampling by installing an air sampler impinger to capture particles or pollutants as well as taking noise data using a simple method with a Sound Level Meter with a reading every 5 seconds within 10 minutes for one measurement. The results showed that the air quality in residential and workspace areas was still within quality standards. The noise level in residential areas is still acceptable, but the noise level in the production room surpasses the acceptable limit

KETERKAITAN DIVERSITAS PLANKTON SEBAGAI ZOOXANTHELLA TERHADAP WARNA KIMA (Tridacna sp.) PADA BEBERAPA PULAU DI TELUK LAMPUNG

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui diversitas jenis plankton di sekitar kerang kima dan keterkaitan antara diversitas plankton terhadap warna kima di beberapa pulau-pulau kecil di Teluk Lampung. Variabel yang diamati adalah jenis kima yang ditemukan dan keberagaman plankton yang berada di sekitar kima, variable pendukung yakni factor lingkungan. Data plankton yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan rumus indeks keragaman, keseragaman, dan dominansi. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober di perairan sekitar Gosong Susutan, PulauKelagian, dan PulauUnang-Unang. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerang kima yang ditemukan pada tiap lokasi berjumlah satu dan termasuk spesies Tridacna squamasa. Kelompok fitoplankton yang ditemukan antara lain Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Cyanophyta, dan Chlorophyta. Bacilllariophyta adalah kelompok yang paling banyak ditemukan pada ketiga lokasi penelitian (52-59%), sementara Chlorophyta adalah kelompok yang paling sedikit ditemukan (3-5%). Banyaknya Bacillariophyta yang ditemukan di sekitar kima menyebabkan mantel kima berwarna kuning kecoklatan seperti warna pigmen yang dimiliki oleh kelompok ini. Hasil parameter lingkungan menunjukkan masih dapat mendukung kehidupan kerang kima

The Diversity of Singing Birds at the Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park

Birds have an important role in controlling natural ecosystems. The presence of hunting traces every year indicates hunting at the Way Canguk Research Station. If this happens continuously, it can cause a decrease in the diversity and population of chirping birds. Therefore, this research needs to be carried out to determine the diversity, evenness, richness, relative density, as well as environmental factors that affect the chirping bird community, and the intensity of bird hunting in SPWC. The research was conducted at the Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, using the point count method

Histopathological Observation of The Qurban Goat’s (Capra Aegagrus Hircus) Lung Organs in Tulus Rejo Village, Pekalongan District, East Lampung 2019 Suspected Of Being Infected With Pneumonia

Placement of goats of various ages and the number of animals that exceed the maximum limit in one cage can cause the spread of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, etc. One of them can cause pneumonia. Dirt and extreme temperatures in East Lampung are feared to increase the growth of bacteria that cause pneumonia. The purpose of this research was to determine the type of pneumonia that infects and the differences between the histopathological organs of the healthy qurban goats and those infected with pneumonia. This research was conducted in October-November 2019 at the Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Institute of Lampung. About 13 samples of lung organ of goat qurban (Capra aegagrus hircus) were taken from the Baburahman mosque of Tulus Rejo Village, Pekalongan District, East Lampung. The results of the study found 6 samples of positive qurban goat lungs infected with pneumonia, with the characteristics of inflammatory cells accompanied by thickening of the septa alveoli, edema, and the presence of hemorrhage. Based on observations, the most infecting types of pneumonia are pulmonary edema and peri-bronchial edema

UJI EKSTRAK DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum L.) DALAM BENTUK SALEP DAN SPRAY SEBAGAI SKABISIDA TUNGAU Sarcoptes scabiei

Penggunaan obat skabies (skabisida) umumnya terbuat dari senyawa kimia sintetik. Efek pemberian dari senyawa sintetik kimia adalah resistensinya tungau terhadap obat. Daun kemangi dapat menjadi alternatif skabisida karena memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri berbahan aktif eugenol, sineol dan flavanoid. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober-November 2019. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun kemangi sebagai skabisida dan untuk mengetahui sediaan ekstrak daun kemangi yang lebih efektif antara salep dan spray. Penelitian ini berjenis eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat kelompok perlakuan (kontrol+, kontrol-, salep ekstrak daun kemangi, spray ekstrak daun kemangi) dan enam ulangan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan One Way (ANOVA) dan didapatkan hasil terdapat perbedaan lebar keropeng sangat bermakna pada antar perlakuan (p=0.000). Hasil penelitian dilanjutkan menggunakan Fisher LSD (Least Significant Different) pada taraf nyata 5%, didapatkan lebar keropeng terkecil pada sediaan salep ekstrak daun kemangi. Kesiimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu ekstrak daun kemangi dapat digunakan sebagai skabisida dan sediaan bentuk salep lebih efektif dibandingkan bentuk spray

INVENTARIZATION OF CORAL REEFS IN THE WATERS OF RAKATA ISLAND, KRAKATAU ISLANDS

Abstrak Indonesia is an ideal place for coral growth because of the tropical climate. Rakata Island is included in the Krakatau Islands Nature Reserve and Marine Reserve area which is influenced by the volcanic activity of son of Krakatau Archipelago and human activities. Both of these activities will affect the growth of coral reefs. The purpose of this study was to determine the current condition of coral reefs and the diversity of living coral forms on Rakata Island. Collecting data for analysis of coral reef cover using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method was parallel to the coastline of Rakata Island at two points. The percentage of live coral cover from points I and II at a depth of 5 meters was 50.69% and 33.80% classified as in good and moderate conditions respectively. While the percentage of live coral cover at a depth of 10 meters at points I and II were 41.90 % and 16.01% whice were in moderate and poor conditions. The coral reefs mostly found in point I were leaf corals (CF) namely Turbinaria reniformis and Turbinaria frondens, while in point II were massive corals (CM) were found i.e. Goniastrea edwardsi, Favia pallida, Montastrea valenciennesi, Favites abdita, Astreopora listeria, and Favites complanata

PENGARUH PROBIOTIK TERHADAP KOLESTEROL DARAH PADA AYAM PETELUR (LAYER) (Effect of Probiotik on Blood Cholesterol in Laying Hens)

The aim of this research was to find out the effect of probiotic on blood cholesterol in laying hens. Materials used were laying hens (Isa Brown strain) 43 weeks old and ration using probiotics. This research was conducted by using completely randomized design (CRD). The advanced research was done with testing the local probiotic with various concentration treatment, they are P0 (ration without probiotic), P1 (ration + 1% local probiotic), P2 (ration + 2% local probiotic), and P3 (ration + 3% local probiotic) with 5 time repetitions and in every repetitions consists of 2 chicken. Variables that were observed in the advance research were laying hens’s blood cholesterol that consists of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and total leucocyte. The level of total cholesterol on P0, P1, P2, and P3 were 129.00±38.26, 116.00± 26.53, 121.00±33.72, and 137.00±52.53 mg/dL (P0.05) respectively; the HDL level were 50.60±16.47, 35.80±11.28, 59.40±19.74; 56.80±30.56 mg/dL (P0.05); the LDL level were 100.20±49.53, 39.20±17.14, 104.60±51.23, and 96.80±66.22 mg/dL (P0.05), respectively; the trigycerides level were 862.00±355.5, 533.00±146.1, 829.00±242.6, and 810.00±304 mg/dL (P0.05), respectively; and leucocyte count were 22.00±1.72, 21.00±3.79, 31.00±3.99, and 34.00±3.55 x103 mm3 (P0.01), respectively. In conclusion, the administrtion of local probiotic do not effect the blood cholesterol of layer chicken

The Diversity of Freshwater Fish Species in Way Sindalapai River, Liwa Botanical Garden, West Lampung

The diversity of freshwater fish in Way Sindalapai River is quite abundant but there has not been much study on the diversity of fish in Way Sindalapai River. This study aims to determine the diversity of freshwater fish species in Way Sindalapai River, Liwa Botanical Garden. The study began with a preliminary survey with a purposive sampling method and sampling was carried out at 3 sampling locations. The tools used in this study include fishing nets (gill nets), fishing rods, scoop, traditional fishing gear (raas), Global Positioning System (GPS), rulers, and cameras. The sampling points include upstream, middle, and downstream areas. The method used in sample identification is by measuring the morphometry of the samples directly at the sampling location which includes total length, standard length, head length, and height, and collection of fish samples photos. Research parameters and data analysis include environmental factors, the diversity index, the evenness index, and the dominance index. The results showed that 170 fishes were found, 8 species, 2 families, and 4 genera. The fish diversity index in the Way Sindalapai river is included in the medium category from the Shanon-Wiener index calculation results, starting from the upstream, middle, downstream, respectively 1.37; 1,34 and 1,22. Evenness index at all locations are included in the low category from the Shannon-Evenness index calculation results, respectively 0.16; 0.14; and 0.12. The dominance index at all locations is included in the low category based on Simpson's dominance index, which has a value of 0.35; 0.32; and 0.28. Based on the conservation status of the IUCN Red List, ichthyofauna in the Way Sindalapai river is 5 species of low risk (least concern) namely Barbodes microps (wader goa), Rasbora bunguranensis (seluang), Barbodes binotatus (wader cakul), Thynnichtys thynnoides (lumoh), Channa striata (bogo). One species that is critically endangered is Rasbora tawarensis (depik), and two species are lacking information (data deficient) namely Rasbora sumatrana (seluang), and Rasbora semilineata (seluang