A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON RISK ASSESSMENT OF STEMI PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objectives: To estimate risk of mortality and morbidity of STEMI patients at admission and discharge time. One objective includes comparing the lipid profile in STEMI patients and healthy subjects to establish the relation between the risk factor.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2013 to September 2013. We included 80 patients in the study group and 50 healthy subjects in the control group to assess the risk in STEMI patients using the dynamic TIMI risk score. Serum lipid levels were measured in these patients by (CC3300) cholesterol analyzer.Results: The study group consists of 80 patients and 50 controls. Our results show the significant correlation of hospital events with a dynamic TIMI risk score. In addition to that we observed that highly significant HDL,LDL levels at p-value <0.0001 and Triglycerides were less significant with p-value <0.038. Dynamic TIMI risk score estimate 1-year mortality at discharge time.Conclusion: The Dynamic TIMI risk score applied to STEMI patients, identifies a group of patients at high risk and this should be a continuous process, as over the time patients condition can change.Â

Desarrollo y evaluación de microesfera de seda Fibroin cargado de isoniacida

Author is also grateful to the CT institute of pharmaceutical sciences Shahpur, Jalandhar, Punjab for making available the research facilities usedObjetivo: La investigación experimental en curso está dedicada a la preparación de microesferas de pequeño tamaño y buena esfericidad mediante el método de separación de fases con isoniazida (INH) como fármaco modélo. La fibroina de seda tiene cualidades intrínsecas únicas como la biodegradabilidad, biocompatibilidad o propiedades de liberación y su capacidad de carga de fármacos ajustable. La aptitud de entrega de carga de las moléculas de fármaco en las esferas de seda estar supeditada a su carga, y la hidrofobicidad o subsiguiente alteración en los perfiles de liberación de fármacos. Métodos: En el presente trabajo la microesfera de fibroina de seda cargada de isoniazida fue preparada utilizando el método de separación de fases. La microesfera fue evaluada por espectroscopia ultravioleta- visible, espectroscopia infrarroja con transformado de Fourier, se midió la eficiencia de atrapamiento y se estudios mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido. Resultados: Estudios con el microscopio de escaneo de electrones revelaron que las microesferas de fibroina cargada de isoniazida eran esféricas. La eficacia de atrapamiento de las microesferas de formulación diferente de F1 a F5 estuvo en el rango de 53 a 68 %. F3 mostró un 68,47 % de eficiencia de atrapamiento y tras optimizar la formulación de liberación de fármacos fue de 93,56 %, a las 24 horas. Conclusión: Esta investigación reveló una nueva formulación de base acuosa para las esferas de seda con forma controlable o la forma y el tamaño de la esfera. Las microesferas de seda cargadas de isoniazida pueden actuar como ideal formulación nano con estudios elaborados.Aim: Current experimental investigation is dedicated to prepare microspheres with small size and good sphericity by Phase Separation method using Isoniazid (INH) as model drug. Silk fibroin has unique intrinsic qualities like biodegradability, biocompatibility or release properties and their tunable drug loading capacity. The delivery loading proficiency of the drug molecules in silk spheres be contingent on their charge, and hydrophobicity or subsequent in altered drug release profiles. Methods: In the present work Isoniazid loaded silk fibroin microsphere was prepared by using phase separation method. Microsphere was evaluated for Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Entrapment efficiency, Scanning electron microscopy Studies. Results: Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that Isoniazid Loaded Silk Fibroin Microspheres were spherical. Entrapment Efficiency of Isoniazid loaded Microspheres of different Formulation from F1 to F5 was in range of 53 to 68 %. F3 showed 68.47 % entrapment Efficiency and the optimized formulation drug release was 93.56 % at 24 hours. Conclusion: Experimental report disclosed a new aqueous based formulation method for silk spheres with controllable shape or size and sphere. Isoniazid loaded silk microspheres may act as ideal nano formulation with elaborated studies

Desarrollo y evaluación de microesfera de seda Fibroin cargado de isoniacida

Aim: Current experimental investigation is dedicated to prepare microspheres with small size and good sphericity by Phase Separation method using Isoniazid (INH) as model drug. Silk fibroin has unique intrinsic qualities like biodegradability, biocompatibility or release properties and their tunable drug loading capacity. The delivery loading proficiency of the drug molecules in silk spheres be contingent on their charge, and hydrophobicity or subsequent in altered drug release profiles. Methods: In the present work Isoniazid loaded silk fibroin microsphere was prepared by using phase separation method. Microsphere was evaluated for Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Entrapment efficiency, Scanning electron microscopy Studies. Results: Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that Isoniazid Loaded Silk Fibroin Microspheres were spherical. Entrapment Efficiency of Isoniazid loaded Microspheres of different Formulation from F1 to F5 was in range of 53 to 68 %. F3 showed 68.47 % entrapment Efficiency and the optimized formulation drug release was 93.56 % at 24 hours. Conclusion: Experimental report disclosed a new aqueous based formulation method for silk spheres with controllable shape or size and sphere. Isoniazid loaded silk microspheres may act as ideal nano formulation with elaborated studies.Objetivo: La investigación experimental en curso está dedicada a la preparación de microesferas de pequeño tamaño y buena esfericidad mediante el método de separación de fases con isoniazida (INH) como fármaco modélo. La fibroina de seda tiene cualidades intrínsecas únicas como la biodegradabilidad, biocompatibilidad o propiedades de liberación y su capacidad de carga de fármacos ajustable. La aptitud de entrega de carga de las moléculas de fármaco en las esferas de seda estar supeditada a su carga, y la hidrofobicidad o subsiguiente alteración en los perfiles de liberación de fármacos. Métodos: En el presente trabajo la microesfera de fibroina de seda cargada de isoniazida fue preparada utilizando el método de separación de fases. La microesfera fue evaluada por espectroscopia ultravioleta-visible, espectroscopia infrarroja con transformado de Fourier, se midió la eficiencia de atrapamiento y se estudios mediante microscopia electrónica de barrido. Resultados: Estudios con el microscopio de escaneo de electrones revelaron que las microesferas de fibroina cargada de isoniazida eran esféricas. La eficacia de atrapamiento de las microesferas de formulación diferente de F1 a F5 estuvo en el rango de 53 a 68 %. F3 mostró un 68,47 % de eficiencia de atrapamiento y tras optimizar la formulación de liberación de fármacos fue de 93,56 %, a las 24 horas. Conclusión: Esta investigación reveló una nueva formulación de base acuosa para las esferas de seda con forma controlable o la forma y el tamaño de la esfera. Las microesferas de seda cargadas de isoniazida pueden actuar como ideal formulación nano con estudios elaborados

A comparison of toxicity profile of gemcitabine monotherapy versus etoposide/cisplatin in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally in which about 40% patients reporting in advanced stage disease. Both platinum and non platinumcombinations have been shown to be equally efficacious as initial first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however because of the toxicity of cisplatin, combination treatment can only be administered to a minority of patients in good general health. Gemcitabine could be combined with one of the other new agents to create novel non-platinum-doublet combinations with efficacy and/or toxicity profile superior to that of standard platinum based combinations. Hence, this study was conducted to compare the toxicity profiles of gemcitabine monotherapy and the cisplatin/etoposide combination therapy.Methods: This was a randomized prospective study, which included 96 patients selected on the basis of histologically or cytologically confirmed Stage III B or IV of NSCLC. Study was divided into two arms-Arm A received gemcitabine monotherapy in a dose of 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and 5 of the cycle andrepeated after every 3 weeks while Arm B received cisplatin (25 mg/m2 on day 1, 2 and 3) + etoposide (100 mg/m2). Patient were evaluated for adverse events by following World Health Organization grading of toxicity.Results: Out of the 96 patients enrolled in the study, 74 (77.0%) patients were eligible and were analyzed. Of these, 36 (37.5%) patients belonged to Arm A and 38 (39.5%) to Arm B. Transient vomiting (45.8% vs. 37.5%), leukopenia (33.3% vs. 8.3%) were seen more in Arm A, while thrombocytopenia (33.3% vs. 12.5%), patchy hair loss (68.4% vs. 16.6%) was seen more in Arm B. Nephrotoxicity was seen almost similarly in both the groups.Conclusions: Single-agent gemcitabine appears to have a safer toxicity profile than the combination cisplatin-etoposide in the first-line chemotherapy of advanced NSCLC. With less toxic anticancer drugs like gemcitabine, the physician now has greater choice in choosing treatment, which can have better effect on the patients concerned

Let Us Halt the Resurgence of Protectionism:Trade Openness, Innovation Ecosystem, and Workforce Diversity in the Knowledge-Based Economy

Protectionist economies impede the free flow of capital and labor across national and corporate borders, which limits the production, access, and diffusion of knowledge required to create novel solutions. However, further investigation is needed into the knowledge and innovation pathways/mechanisms to stop or at least reduce protectionist trade policies in order to stimulate the innovation ecosystem and develop a diverse workforce. Through a sequential mediation of venture capital and collaborations, our study investigates the relationship between trade openness and workforce diversity by adopting the knowledge-based view and building on the four pillars of the knowledge-based economy. Utilizing archived data, our analysis verified this connection. The theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.</p

Development of a New Class of Thiocyanate-Free Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Complex for Sensitizing Nanocrystalline TiO 2

We designed and developed a new class of thiocyanate-free cyclometalated ruthenium sensitizers for sensitizing nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells. This complex shows appreciably broad absorption range. Anchoring to nanocrystalline TiO2 films for light to electrical energy conversion in regenerative photoelectrochemical cells achieves efficient sensitization to TiO2 electrode. With this new sensitizer, there were a power conversion efficiency of 4.76%, a short-circuit photocurrent density of 11.21 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.62 V, and a fill factor of 0.68 obtained under standard AM 1.5 sunlight